刺粉虱黑蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

采用扫描电镜观察了刺粉虱黑蜂Amitus hesperidum Silvestri触角。结果表明,在雌雄蜂的触角上共存在着7种感觉器,分别为Bhm氏鬃毛、毛形感觉器、板形感觉器、腔锥形感器、柱形感觉器、栓锥形感觉器。对触角感觉器的形态、分布进行了描述。雌雄触角有性二型现象,主要表现在毛形感器数量差异明显,板形感器分布不同,栓锥形感器只在雌虫上发现。     

草地螟触角化学感受器的电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对草地螟成虫触角的外部形态结构进行观察的结果表明 :成虫触角存在着 5种感觉器 ,即毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥感器、锥形感器和耳形感器 ,其中以毛形感器数目最多 ,刺形感器分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。并对草地螟触角两性差异及与其它相近昆虫的差异进行了讨论。     

松墨天牛成虫头部感受器超微结构的观察

扫描电镜观察表明 ,松墨天牛MonochamusalternatusHope成虫头部存在 1 1种感受器。触角有 8种 ,下颚须和下唇须有 6种。栓锥感受器Ⅰ型、毛形感受器Ⅰ型及刺形感受器为触角、下颚须和下唇须共有。触角特有栓锥感受器Ⅱ型、毛形感受器Ⅱ型、锥形感受器以及柱形感受器Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。下颚须及下唇须特有钟形感受器、坛形感受器和板形感受器。松墨天牛成虫触角感受器在种类、数量和分布上存在性别差异 ,雌雄虫的下颚须和下唇须感受器数量有所不同。     

德国小蠊触角感器的扫描电镜观察

用电子显微镜观察德国小蠊Blattella germanica(L.)雌成虫、雄成虫、老熟若虫和低龄若虫的触角,发现其上分布有大量感器,为刺形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、锥形感器、毛形感器、弧形感器、帽形感器、边缘感器和椭圆感器。其中刺形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、锥形感器、毛形感器、弧形感器和边缘感器在各种虫态均有分布,帽形感器仅见于成虫触角鞭节上。在各种不同虫态中,雌雄成虫含有所有种类的感器,老熟若虫触角亚节数最多,低龄若虫的各类感器的感毛长度和基部横径普遍较小。     

分月扇舟蛾触角感觉器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对分月扇舟蛾Clostera anastomosis(L.)成虫触角感觉器的形态、结构进行了观察。扫描电镜观察结果表明,分月扇舟蛾触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,触角外侧面覆盖有鳞片,绝大部分触角感觉器位于触角的腹面和外侧面。雌、雄蛾触角上均存在以下8种感觉器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、腔形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、锥形感器、柱形感器和鳞形感器。各种感觉器在雌、雄蛾触角上的分布大体相同,但数量有明显的区别。     

井上蛀果斑螟触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对井上蛀果斑螟Assarainouei Yamanaka雌雄成虫触角及触角感器的超微结构、类型和分布进行详尽观察。结果表明,井上蛀果斑螟触角上主要分布有9种类型的感器,其中毛形感器2种,锥形感器、刺形感器、耳形感器、腔锥形感器、腔乳头状感器、鳞形感器及Bohm氏鬃毛均1种。其中的腔乳头状感器只在雌虫触角上有分布,雄虫触角鳞形感器及末端毛形感器的数量均多于雌虫。     

荔枝异形小卷蛾(鳞翅目:卷蛾科)触角的扫描电镜观察

荔枝异形小卷蛾在格木纯林危害极为严重,导致其难以成林,目前对其形态学和生物学等方面研究极少,限制其开展营林技术防控和生物防控技术等应用。本研究利用扫描电镜对荔枝异形小卷蛾雌雄成虫的触角外部形态和感器进行了观察。结果表明:荔枝异形小卷蛾触角为线状,成虫触角上存在着7种感觉器,即:刺形感器、毛形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、耳性感器、鳞形感器、锥形感器。绝大部分触角感觉器存在于梗节和鞭节上,并且多处于触角的腹面和侧面。其中毛形感器是最主要的感器,数量较大且分布较广。通过研究成虫触角感器为探索利用信息素防治该虫提供了理论和技术支撑。     

草地贪夜蛾成虫触角感器超微结构观察

【目的】草地贪夜蛾是一种严重危害农业生产的迁飞性害虫,本研究旨在了解草地贪夜蛾成虫触角感器的类型、超微结构和分布。【方法】采用扫描电镜对其雌雄成虫触角感器类型及分布进行观察。【结果】草地贪夜蛾雌雄成虫触角由柄节、梗节及鞭节3部分组成,雄蛾触角稍长于雌蛾,且触角表面覆有大量鳞片。共观察到7种类型的感受器,分别为■氏鬃毛(2种亚型,BBⅠ型和BBⅡ型)、毛形感器(2种亚型,ST-Ⅰ和ST-Ⅱ)、刺形感器、锥形感器、腔锥形感器、栓锥形感器、鳞形感器。■氏鬃毛主要位于柄节和梗节,其余感器均分布于鞭节。【结论】草地贪夜蛾雌雄蛾感器种类相同,但同类感器长度均存在显著差异,雄蛾各感器显著长于雌蛾,这种特化与差异是否有利于其功能的发挥还有待通过电生理技术等进一步确定。     

六斑月瓢虫触角及感觉器扫描电镜观察

[目的] 明确六斑月瓢虫雌雄成虫触角感觉器种类、分布及形态特征。[方法] 利用扫描电子显微镜对六斑月瓢虫雌、雄成虫触角形态及触角感受器超微结构进行观察。[结果] 六斑月瓢虫成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,柄节长度与宽度显著大于梗节长度与宽度;鞭节分为9个亚节,末端3节横向膨大呈锤状。雌雄成虫触角上共有8种感觉器:刺形感觉器(SC)、毛形感觉器(ST)、锥形感觉器(SB)、腔形感觉器(CaS)、钟形感觉器(CS)、哑铃形感觉器(DS)、香肠形感觉器(SS)及B?hm氏鬃毛感觉器(BB)。以毛形感觉器和刺形感觉器分布最广,遍布触角;B?hm氏鬃毛仅存在于触角柄节与梗节;触角鞭节第9亚节顶端密布7种触角感觉器。六斑月瓢虫雌雄成虫触角长度、触角感觉器类型及分布无显著差异。[结论] 六斑月瓢虫成虫触角上共有8种感觉器,其触角可能具有感知机械刺激、识别化学信息素及感受温湿度变化的作用。本研究为进一步了解六斑月瓢虫触角与其行为间的关系提供基础资料。     

微红梢斑螟(鳞翅目:螟蛾科)成虫触角感器的扫描电镜观察

通过扫描电镜对微红梢斑螟雌、雄成虫触角的外部形态及感器进行观察,结果表明,微红梢斑螟雌、雄成虫触角共观察到10类感器.其中,毛形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、刺形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、耳性感器、腔锥形感器、Bǒhm氏鬃毛共7类感器在雌、雄虫触角上均有分布;而栓锥形感器仅在雌虫触角上被发现,钟形感器和鳞形感器这2类感器仅在雄虫触角上被发现.各类型感器的数量以鞭节上最多,且多处于触角的腹面和侧面.感器的类型、数量及形态在雌、雄虫触角上存在性二型现象.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.