桑天牛头部附器感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观测桑天牛Apriona germari(Hope)成虫的触角、下颚须和下唇须上感器的分布及超微结构。结果表明,雌、雄桑天牛触角上共存在6种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、刺形感器、芽形感器、鳞形感器和棒形感器,其中锥形感器分5种亚型,刺形感器分2种亚型,且部分感器在雌雄成虫触角上的分布模式及数量存在差异,如棒形感器及角锥形感器丛模式仅在雄虫触角上发现,而雌虫触角上的细锥形感器和耳锥形感器多于雄虫,芽形感器少于雄虫;下颚须和下唇须存在5种感器,即毛形感器、刺形感器、末梢锥形感器、钟形感器和隙缝感器,各种感器在雌、雄天牛下颚须和下唇须上的分布和数量无明显的区别。     

红缘天牛嗅觉感受器的类型及特点

利用扫描电镜对红缘天牛Asias halodendri（Pallas）的触角、下颚须和下唇须上嗅觉感受器的类型、超微形态结构及分布等特点进行观察。结果表明,红缘天牛触角、下颚须和下唇须上的嗅觉感器共有6类14种。触角上感器共有2类9种,即毛形感器1种,锥形感器8种;触角上毛形感器和Ⅱ型锥形感器长度在雌雄间有显著性差异;Ⅲ型、Ⅶ型和Ⅷ型锥形感器为雌性触角上所特有;Ⅵ型锥形感器仅见于雄性触角;触角上的感受器总数雌性数量多于雄性,背面略多于腹面和侧面。下颚须及下唇须上嗅感器共4类5种,即栓锥形感器2种、板形感器、钟形感器和边缘凹槽形感器各1种;雌性的边缘凹槽形感器明显高于雄性;下颚须和下唇须上雄性感器总数较多,腹面数量多于背面。     

黑胸大蠊下颚须和下唇须上感器扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了黑胸大蠊Periplanetafuliginosa(Serville)成虫下颚须和下唇须上的感器形态。结果发现,在黑胸大蠊下颚须和下庸须末节顶端何感器密集区,尤其是下颚须第5节内侧顶端,有一狭长沟壑,内有大量的带槽锥形感器。通过重点观察感器密集区,发现主要有5~6种类型感器,分别为带槽锥形、毛形、刺形、钟形、齿状、针形感器,其中有些感器又可分为几种亚类型。比较研究发现下颚须和下唇须上感器类型除了带槽锥形感器以外基本相似,只是数量上有区别。     

锈翅蚁蛉头部附器感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对锈翅蚁蛉Myrmeleon ferrugineipennis Bao&Wang雌雄成虫头部触角及口器感器的形态进行观察,描述了感器的种类、数量和分布,以期解析其取食机制。结果表明:锈翅蚁蛉触角上存在10种感器,即毛形感器、锥形感器、刺形感器、腔形感器、钟状感器、鳃形感器、耳形感器、盘形感器、舌形感器和Bhm氏鬃毛,其中毛形感器有3种亚型,数量最多;耳形感器、腔形感器和钟状感器仅在雌成虫触角上发现,而舌形感器和鳃形感器仅在雄成虫触角上发现;在锈翅蚁蛉触角鞭节近末端扁平匙状处各有1枚盘形感器,其形状和位置在雌雄虫上有差异。鳃形感器和盘形感器在已有的昆虫感器研究中未见报道,是新发现的昆虫触角感器。下颚须、下唇须上均发现锥形感器,下唇须上的数量多于下颚须;此外,下颚须上还存在钟状感器。     

草地贪夜蛾幼虫头部感受器种类、分布和数量特征

为了解草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda(Smith)幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态、分布和数量,利用FlexSEM-1000型扫描电镜观察了草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫头部、触角和口器,明确了头部超微形态特征及感受器种类、分布及数量。该虫5龄幼虫头部共有4种类型感受器,分别为毛形感受器(ST)、刺形感受器(SC)、锥形感受器(SB)和栓锥形感受器(SS),其中触角上着生2个锥形感受器、1个刺形感受器、1个毛形感受器和1个栓锥形感受器;左上颚和右上颚各分布有1对刺形感受器;下颚及下颚须上共分布有2个毛形感受器、2个刺形感受器和2个栓锥形感受器;下唇须上有2个刺形感受器;在吐丝器前方两侧有1对刺形感受器。     

三种隐翅虫下颚须和下唇须感器超微结构的比较研究(鞘翅目:隐翅虫总科)

利用扫描电子显微镜对3种隐翅虫成虫的下颚须和下唇须外部形态进行观察,结果表明,3种隐翅虫成虫的下颚须、下唇须末节感器变化较大。梭毒隐翅虫Paederus fuscipes Curtis下颚须末节有毛形感器、刚毛形感器、柱形感器、感器簇和板形感器,其中柱形感器、感器簇和板形感器在其它昆虫下颚须中未见报道,下唇须末节有锥形感器。闪蓝束毛隐翅虫Dianous coeruleotinctus Puthz和瘦突眼隐翅虫Stenus tenuipes Sharp下颚须、下唇须末节较光滑,仅闪蓝束毛隐翅虫下颚须末节有孔状结构。此外,文中还探讨了这些感器的功能及在分类学上的意义。     

越北腹露蝗成虫口器的感器

利用扫描电子显微镜观察了越北腹露蝗Fruhstorferiola tonkinensis Will.成虫口器的上唇、下颚须和下唇须上的感器形态和数量分布.结果表明:越北腹露蝗下唇须3节,下颚须5节,在上唇和唇基、下唇须和下颚须端点及各节上具有感器.口器感器共5种:毛形感器(sensilla trichodea)、刺形感器(sensilla chaetica)、锥形感器(sensilla basiconica)、腔锥形感器(sensilla coeloclnica)和盾形感器(sensilla scutellatum),其中毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器分别着生于上唇和唇基、下唇须和下颚须端点及各节表面,腔锥形感器(sensilla coeloclnica)只限于上唇外表面,盾形感器只限于下唇须和下颚须端点.推测了口器感器的功能,为了解越北腹露蝗的取食行为奠定基础.     

灰茶尺蠖成虫触角及幼虫头部感器超微结构

【目的】明确灰茶尺蠖Ectropis grisescens成虫触角及幼虫头部感器的种类、形态、数量和分布,以探讨灰茶尺蠖的行为机制。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角和5龄幼虫头部感器的超微结构。【结果】灰茶尺蠖成虫触角上分布有8种感器,分别是栓锥形感器、耳形感器、毛形感器(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)、B?hm氏鬃毛、腔锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)、鳞形感器、锥形感器(Ⅰ和Ⅱ)和刺形感器。其中,栓锥形感器仅分布在雌蛾触角上,耳形感器、毛形感器(STⅠ-Ⅲ)仅分布在雄虫触角上。5龄幼虫触角上着生1个栓锥形感器、1个锥形感器和2个刺形感器;上唇着生有6对刺形感器,内唇着生有3对刺形感器和1对指形感器;上颚基部外侧着生有2个刺形感器;下颚及下颚须着生有5个刺形感器、9个锥形感器和2个栓锥形感器;下唇须着生有1个锥形感器和1个刺形感器;吐丝器前端着生有1对刺形感器。【结论】灰茶尺蠖雌、雄成虫触角感器存在性二型性,且雄虫上感器种类和数量较多,据此推测雄虫感受寄主植物或性信息素的能力较强;幼虫头部感器具有嗅觉和味觉功能,在其判断食物的种类和适应性等生态行为中发挥重要作用。     

圆柏大痣小蜂雌成虫触角、下颚须及产卵器感器超微结构观察

圆柏大痣小蜂Megastigmus sabinae Xu et He是危害祁连圆柏球果种仁的寡食性害虫,其幼虫在球果内蛀食胚乳,并随球果同步发育,致使种子成熟后有果无仁,严重影响祁连圆柏种子生产。观察和分析圆柏大痣小蜂雌成虫触角、下颚须及产卵器感受器形态特征,旨在为圆柏大痣小蜂进化和行为策略研究提供基础。运用扫描电镜技术对圆柏大痣小蜂雌成虫的触角、下颚须及产卵器上的感受器进行观察,并对各感受器的形态特征进行分析。圆柏大痣小蜂触角为膝状,由支角突、柄节、梗节、环节、索节(7节)和棒节(3节)共14亚节组成,触角总长1 797.56±24.29μm,表面有B?hm氏鬃毛、板形感受器、毛形感受器、刺形感受器、锥形乳头状感器5种感器;下颚须由5节组成,第1节粗长,其余4节较细,表面有毛形感受器、刺形感受器、锥形感受器和栓锥形感受器4种感器;外产卵器由产卵鞘和产卵针组成,有毛形感受器、栓锥形感受器、半球形感受器和腔锥形感受器,产卵鞘长3.17±0.22 mm,表面具2类毛形感器,产卵针长5.01±0.41 mm,产卵针从基部开始,分为3个产卵瓣,外侧端部具"八"字形缺刻及2个腔锥形感器。圆柏大痣小蜂雌成虫触角、下颚须、产卵器上的感受器类型多样,形态变化丰富。不同感受器类型间存在一定差异,是圆柏大痣小蜂为适应生存而进化产生的适应性形态,不同感器形态与圆柏大痣小蜂寄主选择、产卵及交配策略具有一定的内在联系。本文首次对圆柏大痣小蜂的触角、下颚须、产卵器的感受器形态进行研究报道,为理解圆柏大痣小蜂的形态特征、进化和行为策略研究提供理了理论依据。     

小地老虎雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器扫描电镜观察

【目的】为了解小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon(Rottemberg)雌蛾触角及幼虫头部感受器的种类、形态、数量和分布。【方法】利用扫描电镜技术观察了小地老虎雌蛾触角及5龄幼虫头部形态及触角和口器上的感受器。【结果】小地老虎雌蛾触角上共分布有5种类型的感受器,分别为毛形感器、刺形感器、腔锥形感器、耳形感器、锥形感器。5龄幼虫头部呈椭圆形,口器下口式,为咀嚼式口器,头部可见触角、单眼、蜕裂线、刚毛、唇基、额、上唇、上颚、下颚、下颚须、下唇、下唇须及吐丝器等结构;触角上着生1个毛形感器和4个锥形感器;上颚分布有1个毛形感器和1个刺形感器;在下颚及下颚须上共分布有3个毛形感器、3个刺形感器、4个锥形感器和1个栓锥形感器;下唇须上有1个栓锥形感器和1个锥形感器;吐丝器前方两侧有1对刺形感器。【结论】小地老虎雌蛾触角上的感受器比幼虫头部的多,推测雌蛾利用它们来完成寄主植物和产卵环境选择;幼虫口器附肢上的感受器具有味觉和嗅觉功能,幼虫利用它们判断食物的种类和适合性。     

德国小蠊触角感器的扫描电镜观察

用电子显微镜观察德国小蠊Blattella germanica(L.)雌成虫、雄成虫、老熟若虫和低龄若虫的触角,发现其上分布有大量感器,为刺形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、锥形感器、毛形感器、弧形感器、帽形感器、边缘感器和椭圆感器。其中刺形感器(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型)、锥形感器、毛形感器、弧形感器和边缘感器在各种虫态均有分布,帽形感器仅见于成虫触角鞭节上。在各种不同虫态中,雌雄成虫含有所有种类的感器,老熟若虫触角亚节数最多,低龄若虫的各类感器的感毛长度和基部横径普遍较小。     

稻虱红螯蜂触角感受器的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察表明,稻虱红螯蜂Haplogonatopus japonicus Esaki et Hashimoto触角上存在6种感受器,其中刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅳ型、柱形感器Ⅱ型和Bhm氏鬃毛雌、雄都有,仅数量和分布上存在差异;毛形感器Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,锥形感器Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型,柱形感器Ⅰ和锥形乳头状感器仅分布于雌蜂触角;而毛形感器Ⅰ型,锥形感器Ⅴ型仅见于雄蜂触角。对触角感受器的形态进行了描述,并对部分感器功能进行了讨论。     

松褐天牛触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜对松褐天牛Monochamus alternatusHope触角上的感器进行了观察和研究。结果表明:松褐天牛触角上共存在着6种感器,即毛形感器(Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型)、B hm氏鬃毛、锥形感器、耳形感器、钟形感器、角形感器。并对松褐天牛触角不同种类感器的形态、分布以及雌雄感器在分布和数量上的差别进行了描述。     

麦蛾茧蜂触角感器的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对麦蛾茧蜂BraconhebetorSay的触角感器进行观察。结果表明:麦蛾茧蜂的触角上存在6种感器,分别为毛形感器,板形感器,刺形感器,鳞状感器,锥形乳头状感器和嗅孔。其中毛形感器和板形感器是主要感器,数量较大,分布较广。雌雄蜂的触角感器差异不明显。     

茶银尺蠖雄蛾触角的扫描电镜观察

本文采用扫描电镜对茶银尺蠖Scopula subpunctaria Herrich-Schaeffer雄蛾触角感受器进行了外部形态的观察和研究。结果表明,茶银尺蠖雄蛾的触角感受器主要有毛形感受器、鳞形感受器和刺形感受器3种。描述了各种感受器的形态特征和着生规律,对其主要生理功能进行了分析和讨论。     

Characterization of olfactory sensilla of Stomoxys calcitrans and electrophysiological responses to odorant compounds associated with hosts and oviposition media

Stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L. (Diptera: Muscidae), are economically important biting flies that have caused billions of dollars in losses in the livestock industry. Field monitoring studies have indicated that olfaction plays an important role in host location. To further our understanding of stable fly olfaction, we examined the antennal morphology of adults using scanning electron microscopy techniques. Four major types of sensillum were found and classified as: (a) basiconic sensilla; (b) trichoid sensilla with three subtypes; (c) clavate sensilla, and (d) coeloconic sensilla. No significant differences between male and female flies in abundances (total numbers) of these sensillum types were observed, except for medium-sized trichoid sensilla. The distinctive pore structures found on the surface of basiconic and clavate sensilla suggest their olfactory functions. No wall pores were found in trichoid and coeloconic sensilla, which suggests that these two types of sensillum may function as mechano-receptors. Details of the distributions of different sensillum types located on the funicle of the fly antenna were also recorded. Electroantennogram results indicated significant antennal responses to host-associated compounds. The importance of stable fly olfaction relative to host and host environment seeking is discussed. This research provides valuable new information that will enhance future developments in integrated stable fly management.     

烟草甲触角感器的扫描电镜观察

利用扫描电镜观察烟草甲Lasioderma serricorne(Fabricius)成虫触角感器的形态和分布。结果表明,烟草甲成虫触角由柄节、梗节和鞭节组成,其中鞭节由9个亚节组成;在触角上共观察到毛形感器、刺形感器、锥形感器Ⅰ、锥形感器Ⅱ、锥形感器Ⅲ、锥形感器Ⅳ、钟形感器、B hm氏鬃毛和球状感器9种感器类型,其中锥形感器Ⅳ、钟形感器、B hm氏鬃毛和球状感器为新发现的烟草甲触角感器。此外,还讨论感器结构与功能的关系。     

Cuticular sensilla on newly hatched larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis and Oestrus ovis

Abstract. Cuticular sensilla on newly hatched larvae of Gasterophilus intestinalis De Geer (Diptera: Gasterophilidae) and Oestrus ovis (L.) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Two types of trichoid sensilla, two types of coeloconic sensilla and a pit sensillum were present on the thoracic and abdominal segments of G. intestinalis larvae. Sensilla on larvae of O. ovis were similar although only one type of trichoid sensillum was present. Total number of sensilla were higher for O. ovis than for G. intestinalis (248 v . 214). Variation in numbers of sensilla is consistent with the concept that increasing numbers of sensilla are associated with increasingly complex searching behaviour required to locate suitable habitats for development.     

Response specificity of male olfactory receptor neurones for the major and minor components of a female pheromone blend

Abstract The sex attractant of the female redbanded leafroller moth, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), is a blend of seven compounds. Specialized olfactory receptor neurones had been found for only two of the compounds, (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:Ac) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11–14:Ac). These receptor neurones were always found in pairs within the long trichoid sensilla, which are the most abundant multi-pored sensilla on the male antenna. A systematic survey of all regions of the male antenna with standard extracellular recording techniques was undertaken to find receptor neurones responsive to the remaining five minor components of the female pheromone. Of the 113 long trichoid sensilla sampled, all contained two receptor neurones, one specialized for Z11–14:Ac and a second specialized for Ell –14:Ac. A comparable number of recordings were then obtained from the less abundant classes of multi-pored sensilla. Two new receptor neurone types were found, responsive to the minor pheromone components (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate (E9-12:Ac) and (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate (Z9-12:Ac). Scanning electron micrographs indicated that these recordings were obtained from shorter, narrower trichoid sensilla. The majority of these sensilla appeared to contain three neurones capable of spontaneous action potential production. In each sensillum, only one receptor neurone appeared to respond to stimulation with a minor component of the female blend. The remaining two neurones did not respond to the chemical stimuli evaluated.