滇金丝猴地理分布,种群数量与相关生态学的研究

经过8年的野外考察,我国特有的珍稀濒危动物滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)的现状已基本查明。这一物种的全部现存自然种群只有13个,分布在云南的德钦、兰坪、维西、丽江和西藏的芒康5县境内。其现存种群数量约为1000—1500只。该物种分布范围的东界是金沙江,西界是澜沧江,分布最北的1个猴群的纬度为29°20 N,最南的1个猴群的纬度为26°14 N。所有现存自然种群几乎均处在相互隔离状态,呈岛屿分布,群间不可能进行基因交流。其栖息地内的森林中,高大乔木主要为冷杉,林中灌木主要为杜鹃和竹林。猴群长年生活在海拔3800—4300 m的原始冷杉林中,但有时也会在4300—4700 m的低矮灌丛、草甸和流石滩上活动达数小时之久,甚至能跨越近千米的无林高海拔地带;因而它是海拔分布最高的非人灵长类。松萝是它的主要食物,取食松萝的时间占其取食时间的91%。猴群活动范围相当大,可达近百平方公里。     

滇金丝猴（Rhinopithecusbieti）现状及其保护对策研究

滇金丝猴（Ｒｈｉｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｂｉｅｔｉ）是我国特有的珍稀濒危动物,生活在海拔３８００～４３００ｍ的原始冷杉林中,但有时也会在４３００～４７００ｍ的低矮灌丛、草甸和流石滩上活动达数小时之久,甚至能跨越近千米的无林高海拔地带,因而它们是海拔分布最高的非人灵长类。松萝是它们的主要食物,取食松萝的时间占总取食时间的９１％。猴群活动范围可达近百平方公里。笔者在历时８年的野外考察中,已查明这一物种的全部现存自然种群只有１３个,分布在云南的德钦、兰坪、潍西、丽江和西藏的芒康这五县境内,其现存种群数量为１０００～１５００只;所有现存自然种群几乎均处在相互隔离的状态,群间已不可能进行基因交流,充分表明它们已到达灭绝边缘。然而其栖息地内的商业伐木规模仍在继续扩大,周围的人口压力正在不断增加,各猴群均面临不同程度的偷猎压力。这一现状委实令人担忧。如何拯救这一“国宝”应引起我国保护学家和各级政府有关职能部门的重视     

)现状及其保护对策研究

滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)是我国特有的珍稀濒危动物,生活在海拔3800～4300 m的原始冷杉林中,但有时也会在4300～4700 m的低矮灌丛、草甸和流石滩上活动达数小时之久,甚至能跨越近千米的无林高海拔地带,因而它们是海拔分布最高的非人灵长类。松萝是它们的主要食物,取食松萝的时间占总取食时间的91%。猴群活动范围可达近百平方公里。笔者在历时8年的野外考察中,已查明这一物种的全部现存自然种群只有13个,分布在云南的德钦、兰坪、潍西、丽江和西藏的芒康这五县境内,其现存种群数量为1000～1500只;所有现存自然种群几乎均处在相互隔离的状态,群间已不可能进行基因交流,充分表明它们已到达灭绝边缘。然而其栖息地内的商业伐木规模仍在继续扩大,周围的人口压力正在不断增加,各猴群均面临不同程度的偷猎压力。这一现状委实令人担忧。如何拯救这一“国宝”应引起我国保护学家和各级政府有关职能部门的重视。     

黄河源头地区植物的区系特征

黄河源头地区位于青藏高原东北部,属于昆仑山东部范围之内,约占东经９６°００′,－９９°２０′,北纬３３°５０′－３５°４０′,海拔大都在４３００－４８００ｍ之间。气候具有高原大陆性气候的特点。本区共有种子植物４１科、１４２属、４６２种,分别占青藏高原植物亚区唐古特地区总科数的４５．１％,总属数的２９．４％,总种数的２８．１％,是唐古特地区中植物种类最贫乏的地区。植物的区系特点如下：１．种类贫乏;２     

我国的黑颈鹤与研究

黑颈鹤芷云贵高原和青藏高原分布范围在北纬26°43′—39°,东径79°45′—104°18′之间;垂直分布,繁殖区在海拔2500—5000米,越冬区在海拔2200—4000米;数量在800只左右。 繁殖地四川若尔盖4—9月与越冬地贵州草海地区10—3月的主要气候指标基本相似。 在自然条件下,黑颈鹤的食物主要取食植物,一般不寻觅动物性食物。     

濒危植物巴东木莲的分布及保护策略

为了研究中国特有物种国家二级保护植物巴东木莲(Manglietiapatungensis)的濒危机制,对巴东木莲的分布现状、生境进行了野外调查。原生巴东木莲的空间分布范围是北纬28°47′10″～30°51′53″,东经107°9′～110°38′9″;垂直分布为海拔374～1029m。湖北咸丰县尖山乡和湖南桑植五道水乡杨家坪村为巴东木莲的新分布点。从整体来看,巴东木莲的分布是不连续的、零星的,而且范围很狭窄;分布区的环境条件差异大。人类对巴东木莲的不合理利用及生境片断化是造成其野生资源迅速减少和许多现有种群不能自然更新的主要原因。还对巴东木莲的分布现状提出了相关的保护措施。只有采取保护优先、合理开发的措施,才可获得资源的可持续性利用。     

2000年间野生稻和栽培稻(O.sativa.L)分布区逆向分离的过程及动力 Ⅰ.古今野生稻和栽培稻(O.sativa.L)的分布与人口分布的关系

２０００ａ间,中国境内野生稻分布区域由２４９５５７５ｋｍ２缩减至１３７１０９４ｋｍ２,减少了４５．０６％;分布纬度北界由３８°３′Ｎ南移至２８°１４′Ｎ,南移９°４９′、１１４０ｋｍ;中国境内栽培稻分布区域由４０８１８６０ｋｍ２增加至９６０００００ｋｍ２,增加了１３５．００％;分布北界由３８°Ｎ北移至５３°２９′Ｎ,北移１５°２９′、１７００ｋｍ。人口分布重心主要在黄河流域和长江流域,对该区域野生稻的生存产生不利影响。而促进栽培稻的发展,必须建立野生稻自然保护区。     

生境破碎化对黑白仰鼻猴种群数量的影响

从1999年4月至2002年6月间,对黑白仰鼻猴种群的分布和生境状况进行了调查。与十年前的调查结果相比,本次调查新发现了4个猴群,但有5个以前存在的猴群已经消失,现存种群数量为13个猴群,总体数量约为1200─1700只。从西藏的芒康到云龙的龙马山,随着海拔的降低,猴群可利用的植被类型也随之多样化。但由于砍伐、放牧、开矿等因素的影响,猴群的适宜生境破碎化程度较高,连接猴群的生境走廊状况通常较差,多数猴群孤立分布,并且存在小种群问题,生境走廊的维护和恢复已成为该物种保护成功与否的关键。种群的总体数量下降了32%,其中4个猴群数量下降,4个猴群持平,1个猴群有所增长,5个猴群消失,这不容乐观的状况给我们的保护工作敲响了警钟。     

云南省贡山县发现棕尾虹雉

20 0 1年 2月 15日 ,云南省怒江傈僳族自治州贡山县丙中洛乡青那桶村农民在其居住地的后山 ,即怒山北段西坡 (约东经 98°3 8′ ,北纬 2 8°0 4′)海拔 3 4 0 0ｍ的亚高山冷杉、杜鹃和高山箭竹混交林中 ,捕捉到 1只虹雉 ,经中国科学院昆明动物研究所杨晓君先生鉴定为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物———棕尾虹雉 (Ｌｏｐｈｏｐｈｏｒｕｓｉｍｐｅｊａｎｕｓ)。据郑作新 ( 1987)和Ｍａｃｋｉｎｎｏｎｅｔａｌ ( 2 0 0 0 )记载 ,棕尾虹雉在中国分布于西藏南部和东南部 ,国外分布从阿富汗东至不丹。现在云南西北部贡山县捕获的标本属云南省鸟类新记…     

白皮松天然林地理发布规律研究

白皮松天然在我国分布的区域较广,在北纬３０°５２′－３８°１５′,东经１０４°１５′－１１３°５０′之间,包括暖温带,北亚热带和中亚热带三个气候带,但分布面不大,多为零星的块状分布,这种不连续的分布特征与气候条件和人为活动有关。在分布区内,白皮松分布的上限与纬度呈显的正相关（ｒ＝０．６６）,而其下限与经度呈显的负相关（ｒ＝－０．５９）。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.