手工和仪器两种血培养结果差异性分析

目的对手工法双相血培养瓶和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪的阳性率作回顾性分析。方法将血液标本同时接种双相血培养基和BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪配套血瓶中,将阳性结果移种血平板,如为阴性再移种巧克力平板。结果370例血培养,双相血培养瓶阳性25例,阳性率为6．76％（25／370）,树脂需氧（儿童）瓶BACTEC9120报警显示阳性59例,阳性率为15．9％（59／370）,阳性标本移种到血平板及巧克力平板阳性54例,阳性率为14．6％（54／370）,假阳性5例,假阳性率为1．4％（5／370）,共有29例树脂需氧（儿童）瓶阳性,而双相血培养瓶为阴性,P〈0．001。结论BACTEC9120全自动血培养仪提高阳性率,缩短阳性的报告时间优于传统的双相血培养基。     

培养基成分对口腔福赛类杆菌生长影响的研究

目的比较不同培养基成分对福赛类杆菌ATCC43037生长的影响,寻找一种有效促进福赛类杆菌生长的培养基.方法将福赛类杆菌ATCC430 37 接种到5种不同培养基(包括琼脂板和液体培养基)中,在厌氧培养箱内37℃厌氧培养7 d,观察平板上菌落生长情况,在λ=550 nm处每24 h测定液体培养菌液A值.细菌通过革兰染色和PCR法鉴定.结果1.生长在血平板上的福赛类杆菌ATCC43037菌落形态呈粉红色或白色小斑点状,在以BHI 为基础培养基中添加氯化血红素、维生素K3、N-乙酰胞壁酸的No2血琼脂培养基生长最好,而在无氯化血红素、维生素K3及血的No4琼脂板上不生长.2.福赛类杆菌ATCC43037在以TSB 为基础培养基中添加酵母提取物、植物蛋白胨、氯化血红素、维生素K3、N-乙酰胞壁酸和D TT的No1液体培养基生长最好,培养7 d后A值＞0.8,在缺乏N-乙酰胞壁酸的No5液体培养基中几乎不生长.3.菌落细菌革兰染色为G 梭状杆菌,PCR法鉴定为福赛类杆菌.结论福赛类杆菌在血平板和液体培养基中存在不同的生长特性,N-乙酰胞壁酸是福赛类杆菌在液体培养基中生长最重要的成分,DTT有益于细菌生长.     

儿科住院患者流感、副流感嗜血杆菌的检测与药物敏感试验

目的探索儿科住院患者流感、副流感嗜血杆菌的检出与药敏谱,为临床选择最合适的治疗药物。方法用流感嗜血杆菌选择性培养基培养分离流感、副流感嗜血杆菌,用“卫星现象”确定流感、副流感嗜血杆菌的菌株;用自配的巧克力板测定药物敏感性,用Nitroeefin纸片测定流感、副流感嗜血杆菌的β-内酰胺酶。结果儿科住院患者流感、副流感嗜血杆菌检出率总的达68．3％;3、4代头孢霉素、氨曲南、环丙沙星对流感、副流感嗜血杆菌敏感率在90％以上;四环素、阿齐霉素敏感率在60％～75％;它们对菌株的敏感性与产和不产β-内酰胺酶无关。产β-内酰胺酶菌株用酶抑制剂复合物（AMS）有很好的活性,对氨苄西林的耐药率达65．2％。     

国家标准测定食品细菌总数培养基的改进研究

应用我国国家标准营养琼脂（GB4789 2－94简称NA）与美国食品药品管理局（FDA）标准平析以（简称SA）两种培养基对动植物食品中细菌总数进行检测对比,结果表明FDA标准平板比GＢ营养琼脂效果较好,前比后的检出率高出２３．９％,且菌落大而明显,为此,对这两种培养基进行优化筛选试验,并优选出Ｃ８培养基,扩大试验结果表明C8培养基的检出率较GB营养琼脂及FDA标准平板分别高出35．8％和9．5％。     

国家标准测定食品细菌总数培养基的改进研究*

应用我国国家标准营养琼脂（ＧＢ４７８９ ２－９４简称ＮＡ）与美国食品药品管理局（ＦＤＡ）标准平板（简称ＳＡ）两种培养基对动植物食品中细菌总数进行检测对比，结果表明ＦＤＡ标准平板比ＧＢ营养琼脂效果较好，前者比后者的检出率高出２３．９％。且菌落大而明显。为此，对这两种培养基进行优化筛选试验，并优选出Ｃ８培养基。扩大试验结果表明Ｃ８培养基的检出率较ＧＢ营养琼脂及ＦＤＡ标准平板分别高出３５．８％和９．５％。     

植物油对虫霉菌液体培养与保存的作用

在萨氏营养液（SDB）中加入用0．1％蔗糖脂肪酸酯－15（SE15）乳化的0．50％芝麻油，可使在SDB中生长慢而结块的新蚜虫疠霉、飞虱虫疠霉和根虫瘟霉等四种虫霉的五个菌株形成均匀分散的菌丝体和能稳定转接的菌液。在SDB中加入乳化芝麻油（0．25％－1．5％）、菜籽油（0．50％－1．5％）和色拉油（80％花生油和20％菜籽油，0．75％－1．5％），能明显提高新蚜虫疠霉F98018的生物量；而在SDB中加入0．50％乳化芝麻油，可使液培菌丝产孢量增加近一倍；在SDB中加入的三种植物油（0．75％），在F98018生长4d后，含量分别下降了85％－94％，但其中脂肪酸相对组成基本不变，表明该菌生长能充分利用植物油中各脂肪酸。用萨氏培养基（SDAY）、加入0．50％乳化芝麻油的SDAY（OSSDAY）和牛奶蛋黄培养基（SEMA）培养安徽虫瘟霉F97028和新蚜虫疠霉F98028，两菌株在SEMA上生长最快；在OS－SDAY以较慢速度正常生长；而在SDAY上，两菌株或不能生长，或在第二次培养时出现明显退化。用SEMA和OS－SDAY上，两菌株或不能生长，或在第二次培养时出现明显退化。用SEMA和OS－SDAY在3℃下来保上述四种虫霉的七个菌株，在OS－SDAY上，所有菌株在9个月后仍保持活性，而在SEMA上有五个菌株死亡；同时比较F97028和F98028在用OS－SDAY保存前后的生长速度和菌落形态，无退化产生。     

亚硝化单胞菌（Nitrosomonas sp．）THD-1分离鉴定及高密度培养

从浙江舟山桃花岛近海海域分离筛选到一株高活性氨氧化细菌,命名为THD-1。菌株THD-1为革兰氏阴性,球状至椭球状,大小约为（0．5～0．8）μm×（0．7～1．3）μm;菌落呈无色透明状,针尖大小,边缘光滑;可在盐度为0～50％0的培养基中生长。16SrDNA序列比对表明,菌株THD—1与Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC25978^T的相似性为96．3％。培养液的pH值对菌体生长和氨氧化活性影响明显,当pH值降至6．0以下时,菌株的生长和氨氧化活性几乎完全被抑制,但这种抑制可通过回调pH值的方法解除;在所试的4种碱液中,碳酸氢铵调节pH值对菌体生长和氨活性改善效果最好。建立了菌株THD-1的分批补料式高密度培养方法,最终OD600可达0．214,最大活菌数可达7．5×10^8cells／mL。     

盐土粘细菌UNST03的生物学特性及抗菌活性物质

研究盐土粘细菌NUST03菌株的形态和生理生化特征并检测其抗菌活性。菌株的营养体细胞细长杆状,在Ht平板上,作滑行运动。培养72h后聚集成子实体,粘孢子球形。该菌株能在含5％NaCl的培养液中生长,水解淀粉。初步认为此菌株为粘球菌属的一个种（Myxococcus sp.NUSTO3）。实验表明,NUSTO3菌株在含有3％的可溶性淀粉,0．1％H2PO4、0．01％CaCl2、0．93％MgSO4、0．001％FeSO4、0．25％NaNO3、pH7．2的培养上,摇床（28℃,220r／min）培养72h,其胞内物质的甲醇抽提物对黑曲霉有抑制作用。通过硅胶柱层析纯化,得到抑制黑曲霉生长的单一组分。     

血平板针尖样及云雾状菌落分离与鉴定

采集98份临床标本接种血平板培养,40份生长出针尖样及云雾状菌落。经分离鉴定38株为细菌L型,其中金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphyloeoccusaureus）居首位,占52．1％（20／38）．其返视性与L型平板分离相比较差。但对抗生素的敏感性则无差别。表明血平板可用于分离细菌L型,并保持了传统L型的特性。     

中山市186名儿童鼻咽部带菌状况调查

目的了解儿童鼻咽部带菌状况,为疾病预防和治疗提供科学依据。方法对2所幼儿园186名儿童的鼻咽拭子进行培养、分离、鉴定及药敏试验,按《全国临床检验操作规程》进行。药敏试验根据1999年美国NCCLS有关抗生素敏感试验标准进行,流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶检测采用Nitrocefin纸片法,耐青霉素肺炎链球菌（PRP）检测采用E-test法。结果186份标本共分离出374株细菌,其中同时分离出3株细菌的有45份（占24．2％）,同时分离出2株细菌的有98份（占52．7％）,仅分离到1株菌的有43份（占23．1％）。以副流感嗜血杆菌、肺炎链球菌、假白喉棒状杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、草绿色链球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,分别占50．5％、32．8％、28．0％、24．2％、17．7％、15．6％和11．3％。94株副流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶试验阳性3株（占3．2％）,45株流感嗜血杆菌β-内酰胺酶试验阳性2株（占4．40／0）,21株金黄色葡萄球菌β-内酰胺酶试验阳性18株（占85．7％）。61株肺炎链球菌耐青霉素13株占21．3％,多重耐药株（同时耐3种或3种以上菌株）占21．3％,对红霉素、四环素、氯霉素、克林霉素、利福平、氧氟沙星、头孢噻肟、复方新诺明和万古霉素的耐药率分别为67．2％、52．5％、47．5％、52．7％、31．1％、1．6％、4．9％、67．2％和0;21株金黄色葡萄球菌耐苯唑西林5株（占23．8％）。结论调查结果显示,健康儿童鼻咽部寄生菌谱较为宽广,而临床上引起小儿呼吸道感染的主要致病菌,如肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌,分别占第2、第4和第7位,这一结果提示儿童鼻咽部带菌状况与小儿呼吸道感染有一定关系。不同性别儿童主要细菌检出率比较差异无显著性。耐青霉素肺炎链球菌已处于较高水平,其对常用抗生素普遍耐药,且已发现对3代头孢菌素耐药菌株,可能引起流行病,值得政府有关部门、疾病预防工作者和临床医生的关注。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.