增强UV-B辐射对喜树幼苗生物量和两种生物碱含量的影响

通过盆栽试验,以自然辐射为对照,研究人工增强UV-B辐射下(5.0 μW/cm2)喜树幼苗生物量和各器官中喜树碱、10-羟基喜树碱含量的变化,试验结果表明:(1 )UV-B辐射处理前20d,处理组幼苗的全株以及各器官的鲜重与对照相差很少.至辐射处理的40d,处理组幼苗的全株以及各器官的生物量均高于正常条件的幼苗.试验后期,处理组单株生物量降低,长时间的UV-B辐射使喜树植株矮化、基茎加粗,同时还改变了喜树生长过程中干物质的分配,较多的干物质分配到喜树的茎和根中,而较少进入叶中;(2)UV-B辐射增强能明显增加喜树地上器官中喜树碱的含量,而对10-羟基喜树碱含量影响不明显.(3)各器官中生物碱含量与生物量的积累速率具有一定的相关性,生物量增长过快时单位质量植物体中的生物碱含量下降.     

茉莉酸甲酯对花生幼苗中碳水化合物转移的影响（简报）

用100ppm茉莉酸甲酯处理花生幼苗后,分配到根和茎的光合产物比对照多,而分配到叶片的少些;花生幼苗根、茎和叶的还原糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量都减少,但纤维素和木质素含量却提高,茎部尤为明显。     

增强UV-B辐射和干旱对春小麦光合作用及其生长的影响

在室外盆栽条件下研究了UV-B辐射和土壤干旱对春小麦 '和尚头'生长和光合作用的影响.结果显示:(1)干旱、UV-B辐射、干旱+UV-B(复合)处理均可使叶片类黄酮含量增加,且干旱+UV-B处理增加显著高于其他处理(P<0.05).UV-B辐射和干旱单独处理均能显著降低叶片光合色素含量,但UV-B辐射的副作用大于干旱,复合处理对光合色素的影响介于UV-B和干旱之间.(2)各处理间的光合速率日均值大小次序为:对照>UV-B+干旱>UV-B>干旱;增强UV-B对净光合速率的抑制作用大于干旱,而UV-B+干旱处理的抑制作用较二者单独处理有所减轻.(3)UV-B辐射和干旱单独处理后总生物量比对照减少15%,且抑制作用为:干旱>UV-B>复合处理; UV-B辐射和干旱胁迫不但影响春小麦的生物量,而且影响小穗特征和产量.研究表明,UV-B辐射和干旱之间存在交互作用,说明一种胁迫可以减缓(轻)另外一种胁迫对春小麦的抑制作用.     

2种杨树光合色素和抗氧化系统对UV-B与NaCl胁迫的响应

以胡杨和俄罗斯杨(黑杨杂交种)为材料,通过设置增强UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫(100mmol/L NaCl)、复合胁迫(增强UV-B辐射+100mmol/L NaCl)及对照(不额外施加NaCl和UV-B)4组处理,研究2种杨树对UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫及其复合胁迫的生理响应及其种间差异。结果显示:(1)增强UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫及其复合胁迫下,2种杨树的叶绿素含量降低,叶绿素a/b比值减小,类胡萝卜素含量升高;叶片中的膜脂过氧化产物(MDA)和H2O2含量均显著升高;但在复合胁迫下,俄罗斯杨MDA含量要明显低于各单一胁迫处理,而胡杨MDA含量和2种杨树H2O2含量均介于2种单一胁迫处理之间。(2)在3种不同胁迫条件下,俄罗斯杨和胡杨叶片中过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性比对照显著升高,且POD活性在复合胁迫下最高。(3)2种杨树叶片中渗透调节物质(脯氨酸、甜菜碱、可溶性蛋白)含量在各胁迫条件下均比对照明显升高,且脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量在复合胁迫下最高;胡杨甜菜碱含量在3种胁迫条件下的升高幅度均远大于俄罗斯杨,而俄罗斯杨可溶性蛋白含量升高的幅度在增强UV-B辐射和复合胁迫下却明显高于胡杨。研究表明,增强UV-B辐射、NaCl胁迫及其复合处理对2种杨树生长均造成不同程度的胁迫伤害,但2种杨树在复合胁迫下表现出的抗氧化保护能力比在2种单一胁迫下更强,因而复合胁迫对2种杨树的伤害更小,UV-B辐射可能与NaCl胁迫相互拮抗最终减缓了对植物的伤害。     

增强UV-B辐射和氮素互作对植物生长代谢影响的研究进展

不同氮源条件下,UV-B辐射增强能改变植株对氮的吸收利用以及植株叶片的碳氢比和碳氮比,增加氨基酸的生物合成.缺氮条件下, UV-B辐射增强使植物叶片中SOD、POD活性增强,MDA含量增加;氮素过量时,UV-B辐射增强会降低植物对UV-B辐射的耐性.UV-B辐射增强和氮缺乏相互作用会降低叶片的光合速率、叶绿素含量、可溶性糖及淀粉含量,从而抑制植物的生长,降低生物量.该文对近年来国内外有关UV-B辐射增强与氮素相互作用对植物抗氧化系统、氮代谢、光合作用、生物量和形态结构的影响进行综述.     

增强UV-B辐射和接种稻瘟病菌对2个水稻品种幼苗叶片3个生理指标的影响

通过盆栽实验研究了单一增强UV-B辐射(2.5、5.0和7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1)以及增强UV-B辐射和稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea,菌株Y98-16T和Y99-63C)侵染复合胁迫对水稻(Oryza sativa L. )品种'黄壳糯'('Huangkenuo')和'合系41'('Hexi-41')幼苗叶片相对电导率、MDA含量和SOD活性3个生理指标的影响.结果表明:在低剂量(2.5和5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1)单一UV-B辐射条件下,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均较对照(自然光)有所降低;而在高剂量(7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1)单一UV-B辐射条件下,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均较对照有所增加.与对照(仅接种稻瘟病菌)相比,经低剂量(2.5和5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1) UV-B辐射后再接种稻瘟病菌,'黄壳糯'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标总体上均降低;而经高剂量(7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1)UV-B辐射后再接种稻瘟病菌,'黄壳糯'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均有所增加.经不同剂量UV-B辐射后再接种稻瘟病菌,'合系41'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标总体上均有所增加,且2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的相对电导率与SOD活性均有显著的正相关性(P<0.05).与对照(仅接种稻瘟病菌)相比,接种稻瘟病菌后再经不同剂量UV-B辐射处理,'黄壳糯'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均有所增加;而 '合系41'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标变化各异.接种稻瘟病菌菌株Y98-16T后再用UV-B辐射处理,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标间均有显著或极显著的正相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01);而接种稻瘟病菌菌株Y99-63C后再用UV-B辐射处理,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标间无明显的相关性.研究结果显示,在增强UV-B辐射和稻瘟病菌侵染复合胁迫条件下,因2个胁迫因子的作用顺序不同、稻瘟病菌菌株不同、UV-B辐射量不同以及水稻品种的差异,水稻幼苗叶片的细胞膜透性、MDA含量和SOD活性呈现出不同的变化趋势.     

小叶锦鸡儿幼苗非结构性碳水化合物积累及分配对干旱胁迫的响应

以2年生小叶锦鸡儿幼苗为研究对象,采用盆栽控水法,设置适宜水分、轻度、中度和重度胁迫处理(即田间持水量的80%、60%、40%和20%),探讨小叶锦鸡儿幼苗在干旱胁迫历时15、30、45和60 d各器官非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)的响应规律。结果表明:不同干旱胁迫处理程度与时间对小叶锦鸡儿幼苗叶片、茎、粗根和细根可溶性糖、淀粉及总NSC含量均具有显著交互作用。轻度胁迫下,各器官可溶性糖、淀粉及总NSC含量在胁迫30 d时均显著低于适宜水分处理,细根可溶性糖和粗根淀粉含量在胁迫60 d时显著高于适宜水分处理。中度胁迫下,随着胁迫时间延长,茎和粗根可溶性糖含量先低于适宜水分处理,而后逐渐增加;与轻度胁迫处理相比,叶片、茎和细根可溶性糖含量增加,茎和粗根淀粉含量降低。重度胁迫下,各器官淀粉含量在胁迫15 d时显著低于适宜水分处理;在胁迫60d时显著高于适宜水分处理。以上结果说明,小叶锦鸡儿幼苗通过调整各器官NSC积累及分配应对不同干旱环境。     

UV-B辐射对杜英凋落叶化学组成及其分解的影响

采用模拟UV-B辐射增强方法研究了UV-B辐射对中国亚热带常见树种杜英(Elaeocarpus sylvestris)叶片化学组成及其凋落后分解和养分释放的影响。结果表明:增强的UV-B辐射显著增加了杜英凋落叶中的N含量,显著降低了凋落叶中的C、P、K、木质素含量和C∶N、木质素∶N;在分解过程中,对照和UV-B辐射增强处理凋落叶的分解差异不显著,在前10个月的分解过程中均发生了N的富集,且对照凋落叶的N富集程度显著强于UV-B辐射增强处理;2组处理下凋落叶均发生了P和K的释放,但处理间差异不显著。     

滤光膜对黄檗幼苗生物量及初级氮同化酶活性的影响

以日光为对照,采用红色、黄色、蓝色和绿色4种滤光膜遮光处理温室栽培的黄檗幼苗100 d,测定了不同光环境下幼苗生物量、叶片叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶（NR）活性及谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性的变化.结果表明,4种滤光膜处理均抑制黄檗幼苗的生长,黄檗幼苗的全株生物量与日光下的差异均达到显著水平(P＜0.05).4种滤光膜对黄檗幼苗株高、茎径的影响与对全株生物量的影响相似;红膜和黄膜处理对黄檗幼苗根冠比影响不明显,蓝膜和绿膜处理明显抑制地下部分的生长（P＜0.05）;蓝膜、绿膜和红膜遮光的黄檗幼苗叶片叶绿素含量显著高于日光下的黄檗幼苗（P＜0.05）,以蓝膜处理最为突出;红膜处理增加了叶绿素a的比例,而蓝膜处理则使叶绿素a比例减少.经滤光膜遮光处理的黄檗幼苗可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于对照,且叶片NR和GS活性也显著高于日光下对照.     

CO2倍增及UV-B增强对大豆植株生长和根际微生物的影响

以大豆'齐黄27'为研究材料,采用人工气候室模拟大气CO2浓度倍增(350～700 μmol*mol-1)及紫外线B(UV-B,280～320 nm)辐射增强(4～15 μW*cm-2)的环境条件,研究了CO2浓度增加及UV-B辐射增强对大豆生育前期的生长及根瘤、根际微生物数量的影响.结果表明:(1)增强UV-B能显著减少大豆植株地上部生物量,而对株高的抑制作用不显著;CO2浓度倍增促使大豆株高和地上生物量显著增加,对根系生物量的促进作用不显著,但能够减轻UV-B辐射增强对地上及根系生物量的抑制作用;CO2浓度增加、UV-B辐射增强及其复合胁迫均导致大豆植株根冠比下降,且复合胁迫对根冠比的抑制作用更明显.(2)CO2浓度倍增降低了大豆叶片叶绿素、类胡萝卜素及花青素含量,提高了净光合速率;UV-B辐射增强导致叶绿素含量减少,光合速率下降,却增加了类胡萝卜素及花青素含量;CO2浓度增加、UV-B辐射增强复合处理对叶片色素含量及光合速率的影响具有复合效应.(3)CO2浓度倍增能够促进根瘤数量及根际真菌数量的增加,而UV-B增强处理则显著降低细菌和放线菌的数量;CO2浓度倍增能够缓解UV-B增强处理对放线菌的抑制作用,却导致根际细菌数量进一步减少.研究发现,CO2浓度增加及UV-B辐射增强对大豆生育前期植株生长、叶片色素含量及根际微生物数量存在抑制或促进效应,而且在某些性状上存在复合效应,它们可能主要是通过调节大豆植株的干物质分配及根系的代谢间接影响根瘤数量及根际微生物数量.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.     

The effect of malathion,diazinon, and various concentrations of zinc,copper, nickel,lead, iron,and mercury on fish

Acute and chronic toxicity tests for malathion, diazinon, copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), and iron (Fe) were conducted. Mortalities ofBarilius vagra andCyprinus carpio (common carp) were variable but LC50-96 hr were similar for pesticides. AdultB. vagra seem to be more sensitive to malathion than juvenile carp. Both juvenile carp and adultB. vagra were extremely sensitive to diazinon. Long-term exposure to pesticides modified morphology and behavior. The LC50-96 values for Cu, Hg, and Pb were 0.3, 0.16, and 0.44, respectively, for smaller fish and 1.0, 0.77, and 1.33, respectively, for larger fish. Replicate LC50 values for Zn, Ni, and Fe were somewhat variable, and for these metals, the size of the fish seemed to affect response because LC50 values increased as fish size increased. Cooper, Pb, Zn, and Fe residues following exposure to sublethal concentrations of these metals for 15 d were significantly greater in whole juvenile common carp than in controls.