UV-B辐射增强对NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗生理生态的影响

研究了0.4w·m-2的紫外线-B(UV-B)辐射对0.8%NaCl胁迫下冬小麦"小偃926"(TriticumaestivumL.xiaoyan-926)幼苗的生长、光合作用、水分状况、黄酮含量和膜脂过氧化等几方面的影响。结果表明,UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫单独或复合处理下小麦幼苗的株高、生物量、含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光合色素含量均显著降低,膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量和叶片相对电导率则升高,但NaCl胁迫条件下增加UV-B辐射(复合处理)与单独NaCl胁迫相比,上述指标多数均无显著差异(除复合处理下类胡萝卜素含量显著降低外)。两胁迫因子单独或复合处理均明显提高了小麦幼苗黄酮含量及三种抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性,且复合处理的促进效应最大。脯氨酸含量在单独UV-B辐射下明显降低,在单独NaCl胁迫和复合处理下显著升高,且复合处理下增幅最大。结果说明UV-B辐射不会明显加剧NaCl胁迫下小麦幼苗的伤害,这可能与NaCl胁迫提高了小麦幼苗黄酮含量、脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性有关。     

外源油菜素内酯对三种杨树在干旱、盐和铜胁迫下光合生理的影响

以胡杨、新疆杨和俄罗斯杨一年生幼苗为材料,采用盆栽实验探讨不同胁迫(干旱,盐和重金属)下,施加外源植物激素油菜素内酯(BRs)对三种杨树叶片的叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数及动力学曲线(OJIP)的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,10μmol/L的BRs可提高三种杨树叶片的光合特性;干旱胁迫下,胡杨的叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光动力学曲线与对照相比无显著变化,新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的叶绿素a、叶绿素b含量显著降低,荧光动力学曲线J点上升,P点下降;盐胁迫下,胡杨和新疆杨的叶绿素含量变化较小,俄罗斯杨的叶绿素含量降低明显,荧光动力学曲线变化也比较显著;铜胁迫下,三种杨树叶绿素a和b含量与对照相比都显著下降,新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的荧光动力学曲线变化较为显著,荧光参数变化幅度非常大,当施加外源BRs后,三种胁迫下的三种杨树叶绿素含量与对照组相比都有不同程度的升高,其中胡杨、新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的叶绿素a含量分别升高了14%、6.8%和18.8%,新疆杨和俄罗斯杨的荧光动力学曲线及荧光参数接近于对照水平,PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光化学性能指数(PIABS)显著增加。表明BRs能够明显缓解逆境胁迫对杨树PSⅡ反应中心造成的伤害。     

UV-B辐射增强和O3浓度升高对大豆叶片内源激素和抗氧化能力的影响

揭示大豆叶片内源激素对UV-B和臭氧胁迫的代谢机制和响应方式,为从分子水平研究植物内源激素对UV-B(Ultraviolet-B)和O3(Ozone)胁迫的适应机制奠定基础。以大豆(Glycine max.)为试验材料,利用开顶式气室研究UV-B(0.32W/m2)和O3((110±10)nmol/mol)复合胁迫对大豆叶片内源激素含量及活性氧代谢系统的影响。结果表明:在大豆整个生育期内,与对照相比,UV-B胁迫使大豆叶片ABA(Abscisic acid)含量、ZR(Zeatin riboside)含量和IAA(Indoleacetic acid)含量显著降低,IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA、(IAA+ZR)/ABA比值升高,O·-2(Superoxide anion free radical,O·-2)产生速率和MDA(Malonaldehyde)含量升高,SOD(Superoxide dismutase)、CAT(Catalase)和POD(Peroxidase)活性显著降低;高浓度O3胁迫下,大豆叶片ABA和IAA含量显著下降、ZR含量显著增加,IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA、(IAA+ZR)/ABA值显著升高,O·-2产生速率和MDA含量增加,SOD、CAT和POD活性显著降低;UV-B和O3复合胁迫下,大豆叶片ABA含量、ZR含量和IAA含量降低,ZR/ABA、(IAA+ZR)/ABA值下降,而IAA/ABA值升高,O·-2产生速率和MDA含量显著增加,SOD、CAT和POD活性显著降低。UV-B辐射增强和O3浓度升高单一及复合作用使大豆叶片内源激素间平衡改变,进而影响大豆叶片的代谢水平。持续胁迫下,植株抗氧化能力下降,对大豆表现为伤害效应。UV-B和O3复合胁迫比单独胁迫时的影响有所加深,但是小于两者单独作用时影响的简单累加。     

增强UV-B辐射和接种稻瘟病菌对2个水稻品种幼苗叶片3个生理指标的影响

通过盆栽实验研究了单一增强UV-B辐射(2.5、5.0和7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1)以及增强UV-B辐射和稻瘟病菌(Magnaporthe grisea,菌株Y98-16T和Y99-63C)侵染复合胁迫对水稻(Oryza sativa L. )品种'黄壳糯'('Huangkenuo')和'合系41'('Hexi-41')幼苗叶片相对电导率、MDA含量和SOD活性3个生理指标的影响.结果表明:在低剂量(2.5和5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1)单一UV-B辐射条件下,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均较对照(自然光)有所降低;而在高剂量(7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1)单一UV-B辐射条件下,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均较对照有所增加.与对照(仅接种稻瘟病菌)相比,经低剂量(2.5和5.0 kJ·m-2·d-1) UV-B辐射后再接种稻瘟病菌,'黄壳糯'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标总体上均降低;而经高剂量(7.5 kJ·m-2·d-1)UV-B辐射后再接种稻瘟病菌,'黄壳糯'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均有所增加.经不同剂量UV-B辐射后再接种稻瘟病菌,'合系41'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标总体上均有所增加,且2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的相对电导率与SOD活性均有显著的正相关性(P<0.05).与对照(仅接种稻瘟病菌)相比,接种稻瘟病菌后再经不同剂量UV-B辐射处理,'黄壳糯'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标均有所增加;而 '合系41'幼苗叶片的3个生理指标变化各异.接种稻瘟病菌菌株Y98-16T后再用UV-B辐射处理,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标间均有显著或极显著的正相关性(P<0.05或P<0.01);而接种稻瘟病菌菌株Y99-63C后再用UV-B辐射处理,2个水稻品种幼苗叶片的3个生理指标间无明显的相关性.研究结果显示,在增强UV-B辐射和稻瘟病菌侵染复合胁迫条件下,因2个胁迫因子的作用顺序不同、稻瘟病菌菌株不同、UV-B辐射量不同以及水稻品种的差异,水稻幼苗叶片的细胞膜透性、MDA含量和SOD活性呈现出不同的变化趋势.     

UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫对绿豆幼苗叶片DNA损伤的复合效应

研究了0·4W/m2UV-B辐射和0·4%NaCl胁迫对两绿豆品种中绿_1和秦豆-20(PhaseolusraditusL.cv.Zhongl櫣-1andQindou-20)幼苗叶片DNA损伤的复合效应。结果表明:(1)中绿-1抗UV-B辐射和NaCl胁迫的能力均强于秦豆-20;NaCl胁迫能降低中绿-1UV-B敏感性,但对秦豆-20UV-B敏感性无明显影响。(2)两逆境因子单独胁迫或复合胁迫下DNA增色效应均明显降低,但中绿-1降低程度小于秦豆-20,复合胁迫下降低程度小于单独NaCl胁迫下。(3)UV-B辐射诱导的中绿-1DNA链内环丁烷嘧啶二聚体(CPD)累积量明显低于秦豆-20;NaCl胁迫能降低UV-B诱导的中绿-1CPD累积,而对UV-B诱导的秦豆-20CPD累积无影响。(4)各种胁迫处理均导致两品种幼苗DNA含量降低,但两品种间相比中绿-1降低程度较大。结果说明UV-B辐射不仅能诱导DNA链内交联形成CPD,而且能诱导DNA链间交联和DNA含量降低,且不同绿豆品种或同一品种在有无NaCl胁迫时UV-B敏感性的差异主要与CPD累积量和DNA链间交联程度有关。     

一氧化氮对不同耐旱性杨树幼苗抗旱性的影响

以乡土树种小青杨(Populus pseudo-simonii Kitag)和速生品种欧美杨107杨(Populus × euramericana cv."74/76")幼苗为试验材料,在水分胁迫条件下研究不同浓度的外源NO供体硝普纳(sodium nitroprusside, SNP)对2种杨树抗旱性的影响.结果表明,经不同浓度SNP处理后,2种杨树叶片水势对干旱胁迫的敏感程度下降,气孔导度降低,蒸腾作用减弱,叶片含水量升高,保水能力增强.同时,SNP处理能提高杨树叶片可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,降低杨树叶片相对电导率,使杨树在干旱条件下的抗脱水能力提高,减轻了干旱胁迫对细胞膜的伤害.从品种间作用效果看,SNP对107杨的抗旱性提高的幅度高于小青杨,表明SNP更有利于提高速生杨的抗旱能力.     

不同时间的UV-B辐射对拟南芥幼苗生长的影响

以哥伦比亚野生型拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为实验材料, 用辐射功率为16.67 μW·cm^-2但不同时间(0.5、1、1.5、2、2.5和3小时)的UV-B辐射对拟南芥幼苗进行处理, 观察叶片形态, 并测定其根长、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、丙二醛(MDA)浓度、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及叶绿素荧光参数。结果显示, 短时间UV-B辐射可促进拟南芥根的伸长, 叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量升高; 长时间UV-B辐射则抑制拟南芥根的生长, 使叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素荧光参数F_v/F_m及qP逐渐降低, MDA浓度、SOD活性、CAT活性和qN值升高, 并随着时间的延长逐渐降低或升高。当辐射功率为16.67 μW·cm^-2时, 其最佳辐射时间为1.5小时。UV-B辐射作为一种环境胁迫, 其胁迫程度都是在一定的范围内, 当胁迫达到极限时, 植株都会对UV-B辐射产生一定的适应效应而使损伤降低。     

增强UV-B辐射和干旱对春小麦光合作用及其生长的影响

在室外盆栽条件下研究了UV-B辐射和土壤干旱对春小麦 '和尚头'生长和光合作用的影响.结果显示:(1)干旱、UV-B辐射、干旱+UV-B(复合)处理均可使叶片类黄酮含量增加,且干旱+UV-B处理增加显著高于其他处理(P<0.05).UV-B辐射和干旱单独处理均能显著降低叶片光合色素含量,但UV-B辐射的副作用大于干旱,复合处理对光合色素的影响介于UV-B和干旱之间.(2)各处理间的光合速率日均值大小次序为:对照>UV-B+干旱>UV-B>干旱;增强UV-B对净光合速率的抑制作用大于干旱,而UV-B+干旱处理的抑制作用较二者单独处理有所减轻.(3)UV-B辐射和干旱单独处理后总生物量比对照减少15%,且抑制作用为:干旱>UV-B>复合处理; UV-B辐射和干旱胁迫不但影响春小麦的生物量,而且影响小穗特征和产量.研究表明,UV-B辐射和干旱之间存在交互作用,说明一种胁迫可以减缓(轻)另外一种胁迫对春小麦的抑制作用.     

紫外辐射对菹草成株生理特性的影响

研究不同剂量UV-B辐射下菹草生理特征变化,在光合有效辐射、UV-A辐射一致的条件下,对菹草进行不同剂量UV-B辐射,测定菹草叶片光合色素含量及生理生化指标。结果表明:≤10.8 k J/m2剂量辐射可促进叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量增加,衰亡阶段起抑制作用,10.8 k J/m2一直起到抑制作用,且随剂量的增加,抑制作用增强;UV-B辐射初期可促进过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物(POD)酶活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量升高,且随辐射剂量增加而逐渐升高,但随辐射时间延长,CAT、POD酶活性、MDA含量均有所降低,超氧化物歧化酶活性随辐射时间延长逐渐升高,且随辐射剂量增加而增加;短期辐射可促进叶片可溶性蛋白质和可溶性糖的合成,其含量随辐射剂量增加而升高,长期辐射起抑制作用,且随辐射剂量增加,抑制作用增强。因此,春末夏初野外强UV-B辐射可能是促进菹草大批衰亡的重要原因。     

两种杨树对高硼胁迫的生理响应

近年来国外学者发现杨树(Populus spp.)对硼表现出很强的富集能力和极强的耐受能力, 但其耐硼胁迫的生理机制和种间差异仍不清楚。该研究通过两年的硼梯度控制试验, 探讨了硼胁迫对欧洲黑杨杂交种俄罗斯杨(Populus russkii)和银白杨变种新疆杨(P. bolleca)的生长和生理指标的影响。结果表明, 新疆杨的耐高硼能力高于俄罗斯杨, 其高硼伤害阈值(EC10)为35 mg·kg^-1, 俄罗斯杨为19 mg·kg^-1。两种杨树的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和愈创木酚过氧化物酶(Gu-POD)活性随硼浓度升高而升高, 超过EC10后显著下降。尽管两种杨树的叶绿素含量和光化学效率在硼胁迫下降低, 但抗硼胁迫能力较强的新疆杨仍然保持了较高的叶绿素a/b值和热耗散能力(非光化学淬灭升高), 因此有效地保护了该树种的光合能力。两种杨树的可溶性糖含量随硼胁迫加重而适应性升高, 以维持其抗渗透能力, 但其叶片可溶性蛋白含量仅在中低强度的硼胁迫条件下有所升高。该研究明确了两个富集硼的杨树种对高硼胁迫的生理响应及其种间差异。     

Effects of saline and osmotic stress on proline and sugar accumulation in Populus euphratica in vitro

The use of in vitro shoot cultures to evaluate osmotic and salt tolerance and the effects of salt and mannitol in the medium on proline and sugar accumulation were investigated in two poplar species, P. euphratica and P. alba cv. Pyramidalis × P. tomentosa. Shoot length, leaf number, whole plant dry weight, and the accumulation of proline and total soluble sugars in leaves were quantified after 2 weeks. All P. euphratica plantlets survived at all levels of mannitol and NaCl, while the mortality of P. alba cv. Pyramidalis × P. tomentosa increased both at the mannitol and the NaCl treatments. A significant increase in proline accumulation was observed in both young and mature P. euphratica leaves at 200 mM mannitol and above, and at 150 mM NaCl and above. The total soluble sugar content increased in young P. euphratica leaves at 250 mM NaCl; however, it decreased in the mature leaves. Similar increases of the total soluble sugar content were not seen in P. alba cv. Pyramidalis × P. tomentosa plants in response to either mannitol or NaCl treatment. Our results suggest that accumulated proline and sugars promote osmotic and salt tolerance. The effects of accumulated proline and total soluble sugars on leaves are discussed in relation to growth and osmotic adjustment. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Comparison of allozyme,RFLP, and RAPD markers for revealing genetic variation within and between trembling aspen and bigtooth aspen

We examined genetic variation in allozyme loci, nuclear DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs), and random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) in 130 trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and 105 bigtooth aspen (P. grandidentata) trees. In trembling aspen 10 out of 13 allozyme loci assayed (77%) were polymorphic (P), with 2.8 alleles per locus (A) and an expected heterozygosity (H_e) of 0.25. In contrast, bigtooth aspen had a much lower allozyme genetic variability (P=29%; A=1.4; H_e=0.08). The two species could be distinguished by mutually exclusive alleles at Idh-1, and bigtooth aspen has what appears to be a duplicate 6PG locus not present in trembling aspen. We used 138 random aspen genomic probes to reveal RFLPs in HindIII digests of aspen DNA. The majority of the probes were from sequences of low copy number. RFLP results were consistent with those of the allozyme analyses, with trembling aspen displaying higher genetic variation than bigtooth aspen (P=71%, A=2.7, and H_e=0.25 for trembling aspen; P=65%, A=1.8, and H_e=0.13 for bigtooth aspen). The two species could be distinguished by RFLPs revealed by 21 probes (15% of total probes assayed). RAPD patterns in both species were studied using four arbitrary decamer primers that revealed a total of 61 different amplified DNA fragments in trembling aspen and 56 in bigtooth aspen. Assuming a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, estimates of P=100%, A=2, and H_e=0.30 in trembling aspen and P=88%, A=1.9, and H_e=0.31 in bigtooth aspen were obtained from the RAPD data. Five amplified DNA fragments were species diagnostic. All individuals within both species, except for 2 that likely belong to the same clone, could be distinguished by comparing their RAPD patterns. These results indicate that (1) RFLPs and allozymes reveal comparable patterns of genetic variation in the two species, (2) trembling aspen is more genetically variable than bigtooth aspen at both the allozyme and DNA levels, (3) one can generate more polymorphic and species-specific loci with DNA markers than with allozymes in aspen, and (4) RAPDs provide a very powerful tool for fingerprinting aspen individuals.     

毛白杨蔗糖合酶基因PtSS2克隆与表达分析

为了解毛白杨蔗糖合酶(sucrose synthase,SS)基因功能和表达模式,以毛白杨茎段来源的cDNA为模板,根据毛果杨PtrSS2CDS序列信息设计特异引物,采用RT-PCR技术分离克隆了PtSS2基因。测序分析表明,PtSS2基因序列全长为2 412bp,编码803个氨基酸,蛋白大小为92.14kD,理论等电点6.00,属于酸性蛋白;氨基酸序列同源性分析表明,PtSS2与毛果杨PtrSS2和PtrSS1一致性分别高达100%和98.63%;结构域分析表明,PtSS2含有2个高度保守的功能域,即蔗糖合酶(5~552)和糖基化转移酶(554~744)功能域。qRT-PCR检测表明,PtSS2在毛白杨根、茎、叶、营养芽、雄雌花芽等各个组织中均有表达,但在营养芽和花芽中表达量较高,根部相对较低,总体呈组成型表达模式;在干旱胁迫下,PtSS2表达水平提升。研究结果推测,蔗糖合酶基因PtSS2在毛白杨各组织器官发育过程及干旱胁迫响应过程中具有重要功能。     

Changes in antioxidant enzyme activity in the fine roots of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) and cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsch) in a heavy-metal-polluted environment

The effect of heavy metal deposition onto soil from a copper smelter on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity in the fine roots of two poplars (Populus nigra L. and Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsch) was analyzed. The subjects were mature trees growing in real environments. In both analyzed species, heavy metals stimulated the overproduction of free radicals in fine roots (measured as malondialdehyde level), which was directly proportional to advancing senescence. In young fine roots, heavy metals caused a decrease in guaiacol peroxidase activity and presumably disturbed the lignification process. Catalase was highly sensitive to the presence of heavy metals in the soil. In contrast, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities were unaffected by heavy metals. In the case of superoxide dismutase, a clear increase in enzyme activity was observed only in P. nigra under drought conditions, whereas it was inhibited in polluted stands.     

铅污染对青杨雌雄幼苗铅富集和营养特征的影响

该研究以青杨雌雄幼苗为实验材料,采用盆栽控制实验的方式,设置20.5(CK)、50(T1)和100mg·kg-1(T2)3个铅浓度水平,分析面源水平铅污染条件下青杨性别间铅的积累和营养状况的差异。结果表明:(1)与CK相比,面源水平铅污染条件下,青杨雄株幼苗的总生物量未受到显著影响,雌株总生物量显著降低,但相同处理条件下雌株生物量均显著高于雄株。(2)2个梯度的铅污染均未显著影响两种性别青杨各器官中N的浓度,且雌雄间的性别差异不显著,但T2处理一定程度降低了两种性别各器官中P的浓度;与CK相比,雄株在受铅胁迫处理时N/P逐渐增加,说明此时雄株的生长可能会逐渐受到P素营养缺乏的影响。(3)随着铅处理浓度的增加,青杨雌株幼苗对铅的积累总量逐步增加,但雄株的积累总量的增加却不显著。可见,青杨雄株在面源水平铅污染条件下的抗性和耐受性优于雌株;雌雄青杨对土壤铅污染有不同的适应策略,雌株对铅的积累策略是其生物量下降以及营养平衡受到影响的主要原因,雄株对铅低吸收的策略使其更适应在铅污染区域生长。     

美洲黑杨遗传差异的SRAP和EST-SSR分析

采用SRAP和EST-SSR分子标记对美洲黑杨I-69及与其有亲缘关系的4个美洲黑杨品种进行遗传差异分析,比较两种分子标记在遗传差异性分析中的适用性,为美洲黑杨的鉴别提供准确的分子技术依据。结果表明:(1)以SRAP标记筛选出21对引物组合,共扩增出287条谱带,多态性条带209条,多态性比率72.8%,遗传相似系数为0.548 1~0.769 2。(2)以EST-SSR标记筛选出17对引物,共扩增出86条谱带,多态性条带69条,多态性比率80.2%,遗传相似系数为0.444 4~0.717 2。(3)对SRAP和EST-SSR以及两者混合数据形成的3个遗传相似矩阵进行相关性分析结果显示,SRAP和EST-SSR分别同综合数据之间呈显著相关(r=0.844 2,r=0.830 8)。(4)聚类分析发现,两种分子标记的聚类结果有一定差异,SRAP聚类结果同综合数据分析的结果一致,说明SRAP标记更适用于杨树亲缘关系较近材料的遗传差异分析。     

土壤水肥因子对胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响

以当年生胡杨幼苗为材料,通过不同水平的水分和养分单因素控制盆栽试验,探讨土壤水肥因子对当年生胡杨幼苗生长权衡和木质化的影响,以明确胡杨生长过程中以及种子更新困难的原因和机理。结果表明:(1)当年生胡杨幼苗生长权衡主要体现在生物量的分配策略上,而主根长/高度没有显著差异。(2)在连续给水处理下,干旱胁迫使幼苗根冠比显著增加,土壤含水量15%处理的根冠比较含水量20%和30%处理分别显著增加了75%和93%;但干旱胁迫抑制了生物量的积累,含水量10%处理下生物量比15%、20%和30%处理分别显著减小53.4%、89.2%、78.6%;在断续给水处理下,随着干旱程度的增加幼苗根冠比显著增加,土壤含水量15%处理的根冠比较含水量20%和30%处理分别显著增加34%和38%;连续给水和断续给水两类干旱胁迫均能明显增加幼苗根系木质化程度。(3)土壤施加氮磷均显著增加幼苗根冠比和木质化,但过量的氮肥抑制根系生物量的积累。可见,胡杨幼苗对于水肥条件胁迫敏感性与生长权衡能力是胡杨林种子更新与种群维持的关键环节,调整立地土壤水肥环境对当年生胡杨幼苗的生长定居有重要的作用。     

Epiphytic microflora of poplar clones susceptible and resistant to infection by Dothichiza populea

One-year-old poplar shoots (nodes, internodes and lenticels) of clones susceptible to infection by the pathogenic fungus Dothichiza populea, viz. Populus nigra Italica and P. Robusta, resistant ones, viz. P. Grandis and P. Hybrida 275, as well as a hybrid of a susceptible and a resistant clone, viz. P. maximowiczii x P. nigra (P. Kórnik 42), were used. The plate method was employed to determine: 1. the abundance of the epiphytic microflora on a mineral medium with glucose; 2. the quantitative composition of epiphytic communities by determining the numbers of typical bacteria (including rod-shaped, spherical and sporulating forms), actinomycetes and yeasts in microscopic preparations from epiphyte colonies; 3. the abundance and level of activity of epiphytes antagonistic towards Dothichiza populea. In all poplar clones the epiphytic microflora was most abundant on nodes and least abundant on lenticels. In the resistant clones epiphytes were 7 (P. Grandis) to as many as 84 times (P. Hybrida 275) less numerous than in the susceptible ones. In the microflora communities of the susceptible poplars, rod-shaped bacteria were the most abundant, and in the resistant ones and the hybrid, yeasts, which made up from 60% to 70% of the strains tested. Spherical and sporulating bacteria as well as actinomycetes were found in numbers not exceeding 4% of the total number of epiphytes. The proportion of antagonistic microflora in whole epiphytic communities was higher in the resistant clones and the hybrid than in the susceptible clones, with the microflora having a more restrictive effect on the development of the pathogen.     

新疆艾比湖胡杨凋落物与裸斑土壤代谢物差异比较

在干旱区荒漠胡杨疏林中，胡杨冠下存在草本植物极其稀疏的裸露斑块(简称裸斑)。为研究胡杨冠下裸斑形成化感机理，以裸斑内、外土壤以及冠下凋落物为研究对象，利用液相色谱-质谱联用技术对不同样本进行代谢组分析，使用PLS-DA鉴定并筛选各组代谢物差异，筛选出裸斑内、外土壤样本中差异显著的代谢物质及其代谢相关通路。研究结果显示，土壤样品中共鉴定出总代谢物质908种(615正，293负);凋落物样品中共鉴定出总代谢物质1291种(760正，531负)。通过筛选、注释并分类各组间差异显著的代谢物发现曲酸、微囊藻毒素、茶碱、辛二酸、花生四烯酸以及反式肉桂酸等化感物质相对定量值均为裸斑内显著大于裸斑外土壤；儿茶素、咖啡酸、吲哚、棕榈油酸、孜然醛、阿魏酸、反式肉桂酸、花生四烯酸、水杨醇以及香豆素等化感物质相对定量值均为凋落物样中显著大于土壤样品。以上胡杨潜在化感物质的积累可能增强植物的化感效应，导致胡杨冠下草本植物种子萌发及生长受到限制。