黑麦草根际产铁载体细菌HMGY6B的筛选鉴定及对病原菌的拮抗作用

【目的】从石灰性土壤中分离筛选出铁载体合成能力强、抗病效果好的菌株。【方法】采用刃天青(Chrome azural S,CAS)平板检测法,定性、定量筛选产铁载体能力较强的菌株,通过菌株形态、生理生化特征、16S r RNA基因序列相似性和系统发育分析,鉴定细菌类型,然后采用平板对峙法研究菌株与病原菌的拮抗作用。【结果】从多年生黑麦草根际土壤中分离得到一株产铁载体能力很强的菌株HMGY6B,经鉴定,该菌属假单胞菌属Pseudomonas菌株,其产生的儿茶酚型铁载体对黄瓜灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)有显著的拮抗作用,在低铁条件下(0.16、2、5、10μmol/L FeCl_3)对黄瓜灰霉病的生长抑制率高达91.2%,但在富铁条件下(50μmol/L FeCl_3)降为30.2%,100μmol/L FeCl_3抑制率仅为5.5%。【结论】菌株HMGY6B可用于今后复合型抗病生物菌肥的开发研制。     

棉花黄萎病拮抗细菌产铁载体测定及其对抑菌活性的影响

【背景】棉花是新疆农业的支柱产业,棉花黄萎病严重影响棉花产量和纤维品质,有效的防治途径是目前解决的首要任务。【目的】探究BacillusvelezensisBHZ-29、Bacillusatrophaeus SHZ-24、Bacillus subtilis SHT-15、Bacillus vanillea SMT-24菌株产铁载体能力及其对抑菌活性的影响。【方法】MKB-CAS双层平板检测铁载体,Arnow法与高氯酸铁法鉴定铁载体类型,CAS染液定量铁载体,琼脂扩散法测定低铁条件下铁载体对抑菌物质的影响。【结果】MKB-CAS固体平板菌体周围出现橙紫色显色反应,Arnow实验4株拮抗菌反应液颜色为红色,高氯酸铁实验反应液颜色为黄色;BHZ-29、SHZ-24、SHT-15、SMT-24菌株铁载体定量活性单位最大值分别为8.27%±0.61%、31.80%±2.06%、16.06%±3.61%、15.53%±0.51%,吸光度值As/Ar比值最小分别为0.917±0.092、0.682±0.021、0.845±0.005、0.846±0.008。BHZ-29、SHZ-24、SMT-24菌株含铁离子浓度0、10、20μmol/L 3组处理发酵无菌滤液均未出现抑菌圈,SHT-15菌株3组处理出现抑菌圈,抑菌圈直径大小无差异性。【结论】4株拮抗菌株均产铁载体,铁载体类型为儿茶酚型,4株拮抗菌株整体产铁载体能力较低,最高达31.80%±2.06%,产铁能力As/Ar比值高于0.682时,BHZ-29、SHZ-24、SMT-24菌株含铁离子浓度0、10、20μmol/L 3组处理发酵无菌滤液对抑菌活性无影响,SHT-15菌株3组不同铁离子浓度处理对抑菌物质影响差异不显著。     

一株产铁载体内生细菌对尖孢镰刀菌的拮抗作用

通过改良蔗糖-天冬氨酸培养基筛选到一株产铁载体的内生细菌HS-4,测定了该菌在不同铁离子浓度下对棉花枯萎病致病菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑菌效果,并结合形态、生理生化、16S rDNA序列同源性和系统发育分析对菌株进行鉴定.结果表明:内生细菌HS-4在MSA培养基中产生荧光型铁载体,其铁载体相对含量为80%.该铁载体在低铁条件下对F.oxysporum具有抑制作用.内生细菌HS-4初步鉴定为萎缩芽孢杆菌(Ba-cillus atrophaeus).     

鱼类肠道铁载体高产菌株CB-EH-2的筛选与鉴定

利用2216E限铁培养基从青岛近海海鱼肠道内筛选到1株铁载体高产菌株,命名为CB-EH-2。结合形态、生理生化特性、16S rRNA基因序列同源性和系统发育分析将其初步鉴定为Cobetia amphilecti。铬天青(CAS)法检测其铁载体的产生及对Fe3+的亲和能力。XAD-2大孔径树脂提取铁载体,铁载体类型和拮抗活性分析显示,菌株CB-EH-2所产铁载体为异羟肟酸型,可显著抑制鳗弧菌等4种指示菌的生长。不同浓度2,2'-联吡啶及铁离子对CB-EH-2的菌体量和铁载体产量具有较大的影响。本文首次报道C.amphilecti产生异羟肟酸型铁载体,CB-EH-2作为有益菌值得进一步研究。     

细菌铁载体拮抗植物病原真菌及促生作用研究进展

铁载体是微生物在缺铁条件下分泌的小分子有机化合物,以获取铁元素维持其生长。细菌分泌的铁载体在拮抗植物病原菌和促进植物生长方面具有重要作用。本文总结了细菌铁载体拮抗植物病原真菌的营养和生态位竞争、诱导植物诱导性系统抗性、扰乱病原菌铁稳态的机制,以及促进植物生长的作用,以解释细菌分泌的铁载体在多功能微生物菌剂研制中的重要作用。     

高产铁载体棉田土壤细菌SS05的筛选与鉴定

【目的】研究从棉田土壤中筛选得到的高产铁载体细菌产铁载体能力、分类地位和抑菌活性。【方法】通过改良蔗糖-天冬氨酸培养基选择性筛选产铁载体细菌,通过分光光度计法测定铁载体活性,通过混菌法测定产铁载体细菌上清液对棉花枯萎病致病菌尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)的抑菌效果,采用形态学、生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列系统发育分析对高产铁载体菌株进行鉴定。【结果】从棉田土壤中筛选到162株产铁载体细菌,30株产铁载体能力较强的细菌中21株具有较高产铁载体能力,菌株SS05的铁载体活性单位达到98.3%;在低铁条件下,SS05上清液对F.oxysporum具有显著的抑制作用;SS05与莫哈韦芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)最为接近。【结论】SS05是高产铁载体菌株,与莫哈韦芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mojavensis)最为接近,在低铁培养条件下其上清液对F.oxysporum具有显著的抑制作用。     

烟草疫霉拮抗菌枯草芽孢杆菌21b菌株的分离鉴定及其生物学特性研究

【目的】为了控制烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)引起的烟草黑胫病对烟草生产造成的危害。【方法】采用稀释平板法从贵州省毕节地区烟草根际土壤中分离筛选拮抗烟草疫霉的细菌菌株,然后经形态观察、Biolog鉴定及16S rRNA基因序列分析,对分离菌株进行鉴定,同时测定抗菌谱,单因子变量分析、优化生长条件。【结果】共分离得到44株拮抗烟草疫霉的细菌菌株,其中菌株21b对烟草黑胫病菌菌丝生长的抑制率达78.33%,鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。该菌株对烟草青枯病菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)、烟草灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)、烟草赤星病菌(Alternaria alternate)和烟草炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum destructivum)均具有拮抗作用,抑菌圈大小分别为19.5、18.2、14.6和13.4 mm,最佳的发酵条件为:温度30°C、p H 7.0–8.0、装液量12%、盐浓度0.5%。【结论】分离筛选到一株对烟草寄生疫霉有较强拮抗活性的细菌菌株,为进一步开发烟草黑胫病的生防菌剂提供了菌种资源。     

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes B50铁载体合成相关基因pyrD的克隆与功能分析

从棉花根际分离的一株细菌B50在低铁条件下可以产生铁载体。通过形态学特征、生理生化特征及其16SrDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes。采用三亲本杂交的方法将转座子Tn5-1063a(含luxAB)导入B50中,进行转座子插入诱变,获得突变株。用TAIL-PCR方法得到与铁吸收有关的pyrD基因序列。通过互补实验验证pyrD与铁载体的合成有关。Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes能够产生铁载体属于首次报道。     

产铁载体菌株的分离、培养条件优化及初步应用

[背景]微生物菌肥是推动绿色农业发展的关键.铁载体是由植物根际微生物产生的一类低分子量金属离子螯合物,可通过螯合Fe3+促进植物生长,因此,筛选具有高产铁载体功能的菌种意义重大.[目的]从植株根际土壤中分离高产铁载体微生物,为开发植物根际促生菌提供种质资源.[方法]采用chrome azurol sulfonate(C...     

两株香蕉枯萎病拮抗细菌的筛选及抑菌机理

【目的】从发病蕉园中的健康香蕉根际筛选能有效抑制香蕉枯萎病病原菌生长的拮抗菌,进一步研究其抑菌机理。【方法】应用双层平板初筛和平板对峙实验复筛具有抑菌效果的拮抗菌;经生理生化试验、16S rRNA基因测序和特异引物扩增对拮抗菌进行鉴定;酸沉淀方法提取拮抗菌发酵液抑菌物质粗提液,基于比色法和HPLC测定粗提液对菌丝蛋白质含量、脂质过氧化、麦角甾醇和果胶酶活性的影响。【结果】筛选获得两株拮抗细菌H-2和H-7,初步鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌,Gen Bank登录号分别为KX791428和KX791430;温室盆栽试验显示,两株拮抗菌对香蕉枯萎病的生防效率分别为59.1%和53.0%;H-2和H-7粗提液处理病原菌菌丝后,因脂质过氧化产生的丙二醛含量显著增加,分别达0.55μmol/L和0.48μmol/L;而蛋白含量、麦角甾醇含量和果胶酶活性均显著下降,其中H-2处理的抑制幅度更大,三项指标分别为0.15 mg/g、1.31 mg/g和0.008 7 U/m L,显著低于对照的0.25 mg/g、1.96 mg/g和0.035 U/m L。【结论】从健康香蕉根际筛选到两株拮抗细菌,两者可能通过增强病原菌菌丝的脂质过氧化和降低细胞代谢产物合成的方式抑制病原菌生长,可为两株拮抗菌的生防应用提供理论依据。     

广西岩溶区烟草黑胫病拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及其抗病机理

从广西岩溶区靖西县优质烟叶生产区分离烟草黑胫病病原及土壤细菌,通过拮抗试验、离体及田间抗病能力测试等方法筛选拮抗细菌;利用形态观察、生理生化测试和16SrDNA序列分析三种方法相结合,对抗病效果良好的菌株进行分类鉴定;并对拮抗菌抗黑胫病机理进行初步研究。结果表明:从8份土壤样品中,共分离出土壤细菌340株,获得抗黑胫病效果良好的拮抗细菌3株,编号为8-23、6-70和13,它们分别属芽孢杆菌属、溶菌杆属和假单胞杆菌属细菌;三个拮抗细菌的抗黑胫病机理是通过胞外分泌一些可溶解病原菌细胞壁的酶或其它化学物质,破坏菌丝的细胞壁和细胞膜等生理结构,使细胞质渗漏、凝集,从而导致病原死亡;其中,菌株8-23和13的抗病活性物质主要为蛋白质类化合物;而菌株6-70除蛋白质外,还有其它一些非蛋白因子起作用。     

烟草内生细菌防治烟草黑胫病及促生作用研究

筛选烟草内生细菌防治烟草黑胫病, 获得了对烟草黑胫病有很好防效的内生细菌118、57和93等菌株。在温室控病实验中它们的防效分别可达69.23%、61.53%和65.38%。118菌株对烟草疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)菌丝生长有明显的拮抗作用。118菌株具有较广的抗菌谱, 且对烟草有促生效果, 烟草的鲜重增产率为13.10%。     

Detection of phlD gene in some fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from Iran and its relative with antifungal activities

Fluorescent pseudomonads that produce antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglocinol (2,4-DAPG) are important group of PGRP that inhibit a broad spectrum of plant pathogenic fungi. Studying on genetic diversity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing fluorescent pseudomonads has been shown with special importance. The first step to investigate the genetic diversity of these bacteria is detecting of the genes required for the biosynthesis of this antibiotic. The objectives of the current study were detection of phlD gene within fluorescent pseudomonads by a PCR-based assay, and comparison of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of fluorescent pseudomonads with proven biocontrol potential against some soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi. We used a collection of 47 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. some with known biological control activity against Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora nicotianae var. parasitica, Pythium sp. and Fusarium sp. in vitro and the potential to produce known secondary metabolites such as, siderophore, HCN and protease. The results indicated that 66, 40.42, 63.82,48.94 and 27.65% of strains revealed antagonistic activity against R. solani, M. phaseolina, Pythium sp., P. nicotianae and Fusarium sp., respectively. Rhizoctonia solani recognized as the most vulnerable fungus. Among 47 strains, 76.59, 97.87 and 17% of strains produced protease, siderophore and HCN, respectively. We could detect phlD gene in strains P-5, P-32, P-47. Strain CHA0 was used as positive control for the detection this gene. Overall, there was no obvious link between the existence of phlD gene and inhibition of fungal growth or production of the antifungal metabolites in vitro. But in some strains such as CHA0 and P-5, we saw a link between the existence of phlD and antifungal activities. Studying on detection and diversity of phlD provides a fundamental knowledge for developing a rapid genetic screening system to identify a potential biocontrol strains.     

烟草内生细菌防治烟草黑胫病及促生作用研究

筛选烟草内生细菌防治烟草黑胫病,获得了对烟草黑胫病有很好防效的内生细菌118、57和93等菌株.在温室控病实验中它们的防效分别可达69.23%、61.53%和65.38%.118菌株对烟草疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)菌丝生长有明显的拮抗作用.118菌株具有较广的抗菌谱,且对烟草有促生效果,烟草的鲜重增产率为13.10%.     

Combat of iron-deprivation through a plant growth promoting fluorescent Pseudomonas strain GRP3A in mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck)

Microorganisms and plants sustain themselves under iron-deprived conditions by releasing siderophores. Among others, fluorescent pseudomonads are known to exert extensive biocontrol action against soil and root borne phytopathogens through release of antimicrobials and siderophores. In this study, production and regulation of siderophores by fluorescent Pseudomonas strain GRP3A was studied. Among various media tested, standard succinate medium (SSM) promoted maximum siderophore production of 56.59 mg l(-1). There were low levels of siderophore in complex media like King's B medium, trypticase soya medium and nutrient medium (41.27, 29.86 and 27.63 mg l(-1)), respectively. In defferrated SSM, siderophore level was quantified to be 68.74 mg l(-1). Supplementation with iron (FeCl3) resulted in decreased siderophore levels depending on concentration. Siderophore production was promoted by Zn2+ (78.94 mg l(-1)), Cu2+ (68.80 mg l(-1)) whereas Co2+ (57.33 mg l(-1)) and Fe3+ reduced siderophore production (37.44 mg l(-1) as compared to control (55.97 mg l(-1)). Strain GRP3A showed plant growth promotion under iron limited conditions.     

Synergistic biosynthesis of biphasic ethylene and reactive oxygen species in response to hemibiotrophic Phytophthora parasitica in tobacco plants

We observed the biphasic production of ethylene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in susceptible tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum 'Wisconsin 38') plants after shoot inoculation with Phytophthora parasitica var nicotianae. The initial transient increase in ROS and ethylene at 1 and 3 h (phase I), respectively, was followed by a second massive increase at 48 and 72 h (phase II), respectively, after pathogen inoculation. This biphasic pattern of ROS production significantly differed from the hypersensitive response exhibited by cryptogein-treated wild-type tobacco plants. The biphasic increase in ROS production was mediated by both NADPH oxidase isoforms, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) D and RbohF. Conversely, different 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase members were involved in specific phases of ethylene production: NtACS4 in the first phase and NtACS1 in the second phase. Biphasic production of ROS was inhibited in transgenic antisense plant lines expressing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase/oxidase or ethylene-insensitive3 as well as in transgenic plants impaired in ROS production. All tested transgenic plants were more tolerant against P. parasitica var nicotianae infection as determined based on trypan blue staining and pathogen proliferation. Further, silencing of NtACS4 blocked the second massive increase in ROS production as well as pathogen progression. Pathogen tolerance was due to the inhibition of ROS and ethylene production, which further resulted in lower activation of ROS-detoxifying enzymes. Accordingly, the synergistic inhibition of the second phase of ROS and ethylene production had protective effects against pathogen-induced cell damage. We conclude that the levels of ethylene and ROS correlate with compatible P. parasitica proliferation in susceptible plants.     

RAPD PCR for Diagnosis of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae Isolates which Cause Black Shank on Tobacco

Phytophthora parasitica var . nicotianae is the fungal pathotype of tobacco black shank (TBS, Disease severity ≥ 2.0). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to differentiate isolates which cause TBS from those which do not. Greenhouse assays combined with zoospore inoculation were performed to assess the virulence of the fungal isolates, and the results were compared with the RAPD pattern analysis. The RAPD results exhibited total correlation with the virulence assay results. Amplification patterns generated by RAPD reactions were used to generate a phenogram depicting the genetically distinct nature of the cluster defined by the TBS isolates. This cluster was exclusive and distinct from P. parasitica var . nicotianae isolates which do not cause TBS. Thus, RAPD proved to be a sensitive and highly reliable method for quickly identifying fungal pathotypes which cause TBS.     

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GRC1) as a strong antagonist of Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum

A plant growth promotory bacterial strain, isolated from the potato rhizosphere, was characterized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (GRC1). The isolate produced an hydroxamate type of siderophore after 48 h of incubation on tryptic soy medium under iron deficient conditions. The in vitro antifungal activity of P. aeruginosa was tested against two soil-borne plant pathogens, Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium oxysporum. The antagonistic behaviour of the isolate was tested by dual culture technique. The growth inhibition of M. phaseolina and F. oxysporum was 74.1% and 70.5%, respectively, after 5 days of incubation. The production of hydrocyanic acid and indole acetic acid was also recorded under normal growth conditions.