人巨细胞病毒磷蛋白65及糖蛋白B在大肠杆菌中的高效表达、免疫原性研究及初步应用

实验成功的构建了含有pp65与gB主要抗原决定簇基因的表达质粒pET-pp65、pET-gB;表达产物通过SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、免疫印迹、间接酶联免疫等一系列鉴定试验进行了分析。表达蛋白经初步纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,经0、2、4周免疫三次,免疫后2、4、6周眼眶采血收集抗血清,进行中和试验和ELISA检测。动物试验表明两种表达蛋白具有免疫原性,并可在小鼠体内诱导产生特异性抗体,其中用重组gB蛋白免疫小鼠后得到的抗血清在体外试验中能抑制天然病毒感染细胞。同时将这两种表达蛋白作为诊断用抗原,对临床94份血清进行检测,证实pp65具有较好的特异性,为今后研制HCMV诊断试剂提供了科学依据。     

乙脑E蛋白与结核杆菌HSP70的融合蛋白对BALB/c小鼠特异性免疫的影响

研究酵母表达的乙脑病毒(JapaneseEncephalitisvirus)E蛋白主要抗原片段与结核杆菌热休克蛋白70 (hsp70 )形成的融合蛋白对小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响。采用腹膜内注射蛋白的方法免疫小鼠,以直接免疫E蛋白主要抗原片段和以E蛋白主要抗原片段和单独表达的hsp70两者均以5 0pmol的量进行混合后的蛋白免疫的小鼠作为对照,用半定量RT PCR检测细胞免疫因子IL 2mRNA的水平,IL 2是细胞介导的免疫反应和巨噬细胞激活中的关键分子,MTT法检测淋巴细胞的增殖情况以及通过ELISA检测抗体水平,从这3个方面来评价融合与未融合蛋白以及等量混合后的免疫效果。结果E蛋白主要抗原片段与结核杆菌hsp70重组后,mIL 2 ,淋巴细胞的增殖以及抗体水平均较重组前明显升高,因此,以乙脑E HSP70融合蛋白免疫能增强小鼠针对E蛋白主要抗原片段的细胞免疫和体液免疫     

人巨细胞病毒pp65蛋白的原核表达及活性鉴定

以病毒全基因组为模板,通过PCR技术扩增HCMV pp65基因编码序列,其产物连接到pMD18-T质粒,酶切并回收目的片段后克隆到表达载体pTO-T7,然后将重组质粒pTO-T7-pp65转化大肠杆菌ER2566,大量表达后将重组蛋白进行质谱法分析鉴定,再利用Western blot以及间接ELISA进行重组蛋白的活性及抗原性鉴定.结果显示:通过SDS-PAGE鉴定可知,大肠杆菌可能表达出了重组蛋白,质谱分析结果说明了重组蛋白为pp65蛋白,具有极高可信度,其相对分子质量约为63 kD,从Western blot和间接ELISA(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)的结果可知,pp65蛋白作为抗原具有良好的免疫反应性与免疫原性,为制备相应的抗原诊断单克隆抗体打下了基础,同时也为开发HCMV IgG快速诊断ELISA试剂盒提供了可选原料.     

真核细胞表达单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型包膜糖蛋白B及其抗原性与免疫原性分析

为在真核细胞中表达并纯化I型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV I)包膜糖蛋白gB,并分析其抗原性和免疫原性,化学合成了包膜糖蛋白gB1胞外区基因片段,构建真核表达载体,并转染至HEK293细胞,表达的蛋白用羊抗HSV1+HSV2血清作为一抗,用ELISA检测其抗原性;用纯化的gB1蛋白免疫昆明小鼠,观察诱发抗体产生的时间及其效价,并用ELISA和Western blot检测小鼠抗gB1多克隆抗体特异性识别重组gB1抗原的能力,评价其免疫原性。结果显示在HEK293细胞中成功表达重组gB1蛋白,ELISA证实羊抗HSV1+HSV2多抗能够识别重组gB1蛋白;重组gB1蛋白免疫小鼠7周后,小鼠血清中多克隆抗体效价达到5×103,表明在真核细胞中高效表达并纯化的重组gB1蛋白具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性,为HSV检测试剂和疫苗研究提供了理论基础。     

真核细胞表达单纯疱疹病毒I型包膜糖蛋白B及其抗原性与免疫原性分析

为在真核细胞中表达并纯化I型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV I）包膜糖蛋白gB,并分析其抗原性和免疫原性,化学合成了包膜糖蛋白gB1胞外区基因片段,构建真核表达载体,并转染至HEK293细胞,表达的蛋白用羊抗HSV1+HSV2血清作为一抗,用ELISA检测其抗原性;用纯化的gB1蛋白免疫昆明小鼠,观察诱发抗体产生的时间及其效价,并用ELISA和Western blot检测小鼠抗gB1多克隆抗体特异性识别重组gB1抗原的能力,评价其免疫原性。结果显示在HEK293细胞中成功表达重组gB1蛋白,ELISA证实羊抗HSV1+HSV2多抗能够识别重组gB1蛋白;重组gB1蛋白免疫小鼠7周后,小鼠血清中多克隆抗体效价达到5×103,表明在真核细胞中高效表达并纯化的重组gB1蛋白具有良好的抗原性和免疫原性,为HSV检测试剂和疫苗研究提供了理论基础。     

抗HCMV Pp65蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及性质研究

人类巨细胞病毒（Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV）是一种机会性感染疱疹病毒,在人群中感染比较常见,但在免疫缺陷个体与新生儿中可引起严重的疾病。HCMV Pp65是HCMV活动感染的主要标志,也是临床检验检测HCMV感染的重要靶标。为研发抗HCMV Pp65蛋白单克隆抗体作为临床免疫检测HCMV感染的关键原料,本研究采用重组表达的HCMV Pp65蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,将免疫小鼠淋巴结细胞与sp2/0细胞融合,采用间接ELISA法筛选阳性克隆与效价测定,再用Western blotting进行抗体特异性鉴定,最后用免疫捕获PCR和免疫荧光法评价其应用前景。最终获得了1株能稳定分泌高效价的抗HCMV Pp65单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,命名为8D6。Western blotting及间接ELISA检测其效价分别达1∶4 000和1∶105;细胞免疫荧光与免疫捕获PCR实验结果说明,该杂交瘤细胞株分泌的单克隆抗体具有良好的亲和力和特异性,具有作为外周血细胞免疫荧光细胞化学和免疫捕获PCR检测HCMV临床感染的关键原料,也可作为双抗体夹心法检测HCMV临床感染的关键原料,为建立HCMV感染快速灵敏的临床诊断试剂打下了重要的基础。     

HCMV截短UL83基因真核表达重组体的构建、转染及其免疫效力研究

为了构建人巨细胞病毒(HCMV)截短UL83基因真核表达重组体,实现其在Hep-2细胞中的稳定表达,研究该截短UL83基因真核表达重组体免疫效力,采用基因重组的方法,将HCMV AD169株截短UL83基因定向克隆到带有绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)作为报告基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-C1上,构建真核重组表达质粒pEGFP-C1-UL83;脂质体转染至Hep-2细胞中,G418筛选获得稳定表达pp65细胞表达系。经基因测序显示,重组体中截短UL83基因完全正确,RT-PCR和Western blot检测证实其可在Hep-2细胞中稳定表达。用该重组体和其表达产物在HCMV先天性感染小鼠模型上进行免疫保护试验显示,母鼠血清可检测到特异性抗HCMV pp65抗体,效价为:1∶2.51~1∶50.79;子鼠脑组织内未分离出病毒,亦未检测出病毒pp65蛋白抗原表达。初步结果表明,pEGFP-C1-UL83具有较好的免疫原性,可作为DNA疫苗刺激机体产生有效抗体,并具有阻止病毒垂直传播的保护性作用。     

HIV-1gag/IFNα-2b表达产物的生物活性研究

目的:将艾滋病病毒核心蛋白(gag)与干扰素(IFNα-2b)融合基因表达的融合蛋白作为免疫原免疫小鼠,动态观察小鼠的体液免疫、细胞免疫与CTL应答.方法:将IFNα-2b基因片段插入到gag基因的nt531位点,经脂质体转染与血凝素阴性蚀斑筛选,挑出重组痘苗病毒.经SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定表达产物.以小鼠为实验对象,用重组痘苗病毒vJ38gag/IFNα-2b免疫小鼠,用ELISA方法检测血清IgG抗体含量.用流式细胞仪测定小鼠外周血CD+4、CD+8T淋巴细胞计数.3H-TdR掺入法检测细胞毒性T淋巴细胞杀伤活性.结果:血清IgG抗体含量逐渐增高,实验组与对照组比较差异有显著性意义(p＜0.05).CD+4、CD+8T淋巴细胞计数、CTL检测实验组与对照组比较差异均有显著性意义(p＜0.05).结论:重组痘苗病毒vJ38gag/IFNα-2b能增强小鼠的体液免疫、细胞免疫和CTL应答.IFNα-2b可以作为免疫佐剂增强机体的免疫状态.     

SARS病毒s1基因片段真核表达载体的构建及免疫效果

本研究根据GenBank登录的BJ01株SARS-CoV序列合成801bpS1基因片段,该片段被亚克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/S1;转染Hela细胞,SDS-PAGE、Western-Blotting鉴定蛋白表达;肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用ELISA法检测免疫后小鼠的抗SARS/CoVIgG及IFN-γ水平,MTT法检测T细胞增殖活性.结果显示,重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/S1可在Hela细胞内表达S1蛋白,免疫后小鼠的T细胞增殖活性增强,抗SARS-CoVIgG与IFN-γ水平升高.本实验说明pcDNA3.1(+)/S1可诱导小鼠产生一定的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答.     

SARS病毒s1基因片段真核表达载体的构建及免疫效果

本研究根据GenBank登录的BJ01株SARS-CoV序列合成801bpS1基因片段,该片段被亚克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )得到重组质粒pcDNA3.1( )/S1;转染Hela细胞,SDS-PAGE、Western-Blotting鉴定蛋白表达;肌注免疫BALB/c小鼠,利用ELISA法检测免疫后小鼠的抗SARS-CoVIgG及IFN-γ水平,MTT法检测T细胞增殖活性。结果显示,重组质粒pcDNA3.1( )/S1可在Hela细胞内表达S1蛋白,免疫后小鼠的T细胞增殖活性增强,抗SARS-CoVIgG与IFN-γ水平升高。本实验说明pcDNA3.1( )/S1可诱导小鼠产生一定的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答。     

乙型肝炎病毒前S1抗原(1-42)与核心抗原(1-144)在大肠杆菌中表达的融合蛋白CS1的免疫原性研究

对重组乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒前S1抗原（1－42）及核心抗原（1－144）表达的融合蛋白CS1进行了免疫原性的研究分析,以便为探索HBV治疗性疫苗地研制提供实验依据。用脂质体转染的方法转染小鼠肥大细胞瘤细胞系P815,用乳酸脱氢酶的方法检测了该融合蛋白诱导小鼠的细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL）反应,用ELISA方法测定了小鼠的体液免疫反应。结果表明,用脂质体转染的方法建立了表达乙肝核心和前S1抗原的细胞系（P99－815）,该融合蛋白诱导出小鼠的细胞毒T淋巴细胞（CTL）反应,小鼠的体液免疫反应也较好。这为今后进一步探索慢性乙肝治疗性疫苗奠定了必要的基础。     

探寻免疫相关重要蛋白质的脉络——免疫相关重要蛋白质的生物学研究进展

深入认识免疫功能的调节机制有助于预见感染、肿瘤和自身免疫等疾病的发展方向,并可能针对其具体的调节靶点和途径加以调控。国家重大科学研究项目"免疫相关重要蛋白质的生物学研究",以发现新的免疫相关蛋白质及其复合体为切入点,探讨其在免疫识别、免疫应答/耐受、免疫调节过程中的功能,从而掌握免疫过程及其调节的特点和规律,为攻克感染、肿瘤或自身免疫疾病提供重要的理论基础,为相应的干预治疗提供新的靶点和策略。将对项目启动5年来开展的研究内容及取得的研究成果进行介绍。     

Equilibrium hydrogen exchange reveals extensive hydrogen bonded secondary structure in the on-pathway intermediate of Im7

The four-helical immunity protein Im7 folds through an on-pathway intermediate that has a specific, but partially misfolded, hydrophobic core. In order to gain further insight into the structure of this species, we have identified the backbone hydrogen bonds formed in the ensemble by measuring the amide exchange rates (under EX2 conditions) of the wild-type protein and a variant, I72V. In this mutant the intermediate is significantly destabilised relative to the unfolded state (deltadeltaG(ui) = 4.4 kJ/mol) but the native state is only slightly destabilised (deltadeltaG(nu) = 1.8 kJ/mol) at 10 degrees C in 2H2O, pH* 7.0 containing 0.4 M Na2SO4, consistent with the view that this residue forms significant non-native stabilising interactions in the intermediate state. Comparison of the hydrogen exchange rates of the two proteins, therefore, enables the state from which hydrogen exchange occurs to be identified. The data show that amides in helices I, II and IV in both proteins exchange slowly with a free energy similar to that associated with global unfolding, suggesting that these helices form highly protected hydrogen-bonded helical structure in the intermediate. By contrast, amides in helix III exchange rapidly in both proteins. Importantly, the rate of exchange of amides in helix III are slowed substantially in the Im7* variant, I72V, compared with the wild-type protein, whilst other amides exchange more rapidly in the mutant protein, in accord with the kinetics of folding/unfolding measured using chevron analysis. These data demonstrate, therefore, that local fluctuations do not dominate the exchange mechanism and confirm that helix III does not form stable secondary structure in the intermediate. By combining these results with previously obtained Phi-values, we show that the on-pathway folding intermediate of Im7 contains extensive, stable hydrogen-bonded structure in helices I, II and IV, and that this structure is stabilised by both native and non-native interactions involving amino acid side-chains in these helices.     

The amino-terminal region of dense granule protein 6 of Toxoplasma gondii stimulates IFN-γ production by microglia

We examined activities of dense granule proteins (GRAs), which Toxoplasma gondii secretes within infected cells, to stimulate microglial IFN-γ production in vitro. We identified that the N-terminal region (amino acids 41–152) of GRA6 (GRA6Nt) stimulates IFN-γ production by both a microglia cell line and primary microglia purified from the brains of uninfected adult mice. In contrast, neither of GRA1, GRA2, GRA5Nt, nor the carboxyl-terminal (amino acids 174–224) of GRA6 stimulated microglial IFN-γ production. GRA6Nt appears to be a target molecule of the sentinel function of microglia to detect cerebral proliferation of T. gondii and activate their IFN-γ production for facilitating the protective immunity to control the pathogen.     

Purification of antibacterial attacins induced in Hyalophora cecropia pupae immunized with Enterobacter cloacae C7-501 using ion-exchange chromatography,hydrophobic interaction chromatography,and Rotofor® isoelectric focusing

Hyalophora cecropia pupae were infected by Enterobacter cloacae C7-501 to induce antibacterial attacins for purification. The induction of attacins in immunized pupae was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), and Rotofor® isoelectric focusing (ISEF) were applied to isolate attacins from the hemolymph. IEC separated attacins from most hemolymph proteins, but the fractions containing attacins also had other proteins of 20 and 64 kDa in length. In IEC, attacin was eluted with ~0.2 M NaCl. The best conditions for IEC were pH 9, flow rate of 2 mL/min, with step elution (0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 1.0 M NaCl). In HIC, most other proteins were eluted with the ammonium persulfate treatment. HIC isolated attacin proteins under hydrophobic conditions, at ~50% EtOH. However, the fraction with attacins also contained other proteins. The Rotofor® ISEF produced fractions containing attacins at isoelectric points ranging between 5.7 and 8.3. However, non-specific proteins were detected in the fraction samples, and the recovery of attacins was low. The purification efficiency of ISEF was lower than IEC and HIC. In this study, the expression of attacins was induced in H. cecropia pupae infected with E. cloacae C7-501, and attacins could be purified by IEC and ISEF. Overall, IEC provided better separation of attacins from the hemolymph of H. cecropia pupae immunized with E. cloacae bacteria than HIC and Rotofor® ISEF.     

偏肺病毒G蛋白:一个多变蛋白的多重角色

偏肺病毒包括人偏肺病毒和禽偏肺病毒,是感染人和禽的一种重要病原。G蛋白是偏肺病毒粒子表面的一种糖蛋白,属II型跨膜蛋白。不同种偏肺病毒G蛋白的大小和同源性差异巨大,发挥的生物学功能也显著不同,如在病毒的吸附过程、病毒介导的细胞融合、对病毒在体内外的复制能力影响以及免疫保护作用都有很大不同。同时,偏肺病毒G蛋白在免疫抑制和免疫逃避中也起着重要作用。目前国内开展的相关研究较少,本文对偏肺病毒G蛋白的最新研究成果和进展进行了综述和讨论,并对未来的相关研究进行了展望。     

黄鳍金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用

以金枪鱼头为原料,经酶解得到蛋白酶解液;以环磷酰胺造小鼠免疫功能低下模型,同时灌胃金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液,观察小鼠免疫脏器指数,巨噬细胞吞噬功能,ConA刺激的淋巴细胞增殖和溶血空斑细胞形成能力。结果显示金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液能显著增强免疫抑制状态下的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和胸腺、脾脏指数;明显提高免疫抑制状态小鼠的脾淋巴细胞转化能力及抗体细胞形成能力。说明金枪鱼头蛋白酶解液对环磷酰胺造成的免疫功能低下小鼠的非特异性免疫和特异性免疫功能都有正向调节作用。     

Mode of action of diptericin A,a bactericidal peptide induced in the hemolymph of Phormia terranovae larvae

Diptericin A is a member of a multigenic family of antibacterial peptides that are synthesized by larvae of Phormia terranovae (Diptera) in response to a bacterial injection or to injury. The 82-residue peptide is active only against a limited range of Gram-negative bacteria. Data presented suggest that the primary action of diptericin A is on the cytoplasmic membrane of growing bacteria.     

Isolation and characterization of bacteria-induced protein P4 from hemolymph of Manduca sexta

Insects synthesize several types of hemolymph proteins in response to bacterial infection. The objective of this study was to characterize a 48,000 dalton hemolymph protein induced in larvae of Manduca sexta after injection of bacteria. The protein, isolated by cation exchange and gel filtration chromatography from hemolymph of larvae injected with Micrococcus lysodeikticus, was found to be a glycoprotein with pI = 8.4. The molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid composition, and NH2 terminal sequence of the protein are similar to bacteria-induced protein P4 from Hyalophora cecropia, and the M. sexta protein is also designated P4. The hemolymph concentration of M. sexta P4 (35 +/- 7 micrograms/ml in day 3 fifth instar larvae) increases 30- to 45-fold by 48 h after injection of bacteria, but it does not increase in response to injection of distilled water. Lower levels of induction occur after injection of peptidoglycan fragments, zymosan, and lipopolysaccharide. The properties of M. sexta P4 are very similar to those of a previously characterized M. sexta hemolymph protein known as postlarval protein, and antibodies against P4 bind to post-larval protein.     

Cloning,expression and release of native and mutant cloacin DF13 immunity protein

The pCloDF13 encoded immunity protein gene was subcloned in the expression vector pINIIIA1 and several deletion, insertion and point mutations were constructed in the aminoterminal and carboxyl-terminal regions of the protein. The expression, stability, BRP-dependent export and protective capacity of the native and mutant immunity proteins were studied by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and an in vivo activity assay. In the absence of cloacin the unbound, native immunity protein was stable produced by E. coli cells and released after BRP induction. The expression of most of the mutant immunity proteins was strongly reduced and non of the proteins were found to be released. All mutations in the carboxyl-terminal region strongly affected expression of the proteins, probably by causing protein instability and proteolytic degradation. One of these mutant immunity proteins, with an insertion mutation in its carboxylterminal region, still caused an intermediate immunity of susceptible cells against extracellularly added cloacin DF13. Mutations in the amino-terminal region of the immunity protein had less effect on its expression and did not affect the protective capacity of the protein.