沙棘籽渣多糖对正常及糖尿病模型动物血糖的影响

本文研究了沙棘籽渣多糖(Polysaccharides from seed residue of Hippophae rhamnoide L.,PSH)对正常小鼠及实验性2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂代谢的影响.以100、200和400 mg/kg剂量的PSH连续灌胃正常小鼠20d;以50和100 mg/kg剂量的PSH连续灌胃由烟酰胺联合链脲佐菌素诱导的类似2型糖尿病大鼠3周,测定血糖、糖基化血清蛋白、血清胰岛素、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯及肝糖原含量.结果显示:PSH对正常小鼠的血糖和血脂代谢没有明显影响;但能明显降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇和糖基化血清蛋白水平,同时显著增加糖尿病大鼠的血清胰岛素含量.上述结果表明:PSH在实验性2型糖尿病大鼠模型上具有降血糖和降胆固醇的活性.     

纳米级南瓜肌醇提取物的制备及其降血糖作用研究

本文通过制备纳米级南瓜肌醇提取物(Nanoscale pumpkin inositol extract,NPIE),观察其对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病模型C57小鼠的血糖调节作用,并与普通南瓜肌醇提取物(Common pumpkin inositol extract,CPIE)的降血糖作用比较。高、低剂量CPIE组和NPIE组分别灌胃500 mg/kg、250 mg/kg的CPIE和NPIE水溶液,阳性药组灌服250 mg/kg的盐酸二甲双胍水溶液,模型对照组灌服等体积的双蒸水,实验周期均为30 d。结果显示所制备的南瓜肌醇提取物含肌醇3.12%,多糖53.21%,其中NPIE粒度平均小于500 nm;经动物实验,各给药组对正常小鼠无明显急性降糖作用,对糖尿病小鼠体重也无影响;但NPIE高剂量组对糖尿病小鼠的随机血糖和空腹血糖均具有明显降低效果,并对其糖耐量有一定改善作用,整体降糖效果较阳性药物组略弱,较CPIE强。     

筋骨草提取物抗运动疲劳的作用

目的：探讨筋骨草的抗运动性疲劳作用。方法：将120只雄性昆明种小鼠随机平均分成安静组、运动组、阳性对照组和筋骨草低、中、高剂量组（n=10）。其中低、中、高剂量组小鼠分别按100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg体重连续灌胃筋骨草提取物30 d,阳性对照组小鼠按200 mg/kg体重灌胃西洋参胶囊颗粒,安静组和运动组小鼠以等体积生理盐水灌胃。动物试验结束后,分析各组小鼠运动力竭时间、血清生理生化指标（包括血乳酸、血尿素氮、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯含量）、肝糖原与肌糖原含量,以及股四头肌、肝脏和心脏组织的抗氧化指标（包括谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和丙二醛）。结果：中、高剂量组小鼠的运动力竭时间、红细胞数量、血红蛋白含量、血糖浓度、肝糖原与肌糖原含量,以及器官组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活力均明显高于运动对照组,而血清乳酸含量、血清尿素氮、血清甘油三酯与总胆固醇含量,以及器官组织中丙二醛含量明显低于运动对照组,中剂量的筋骨草提取物的作用效果优于同剂量的西洋参胶囊颗粒。结论：筋骨草通过提高机体的抗氧化功能而达到抗运动性疲劳作用。     

次磷酸钠的急性毒性研究

目的本研究旨在探讨次磷酸钠对小鼠经口的急性毒性作用,评价其安全性,为其在食品工业中的广泛应用提供理论依据;方法受试物采用经口灌胃途径,观察不同剂量组给予小鼠后的死亡率,并按照寇式法计算半数致死量;结果经实验结果统计,计算出次磷酸钠的LD50为7.67g/kg体重,95%置信区间上限是7.943g/kg体重,下限是6.166g/kg体重;结论按化学物经口急性毒性分级标准,次磷酸钠毒性为2级,属于实际无毒物质。     

金银花黄酮对小鼠免疫调节作用的研究

目的:探讨金银花黄酮对小鼠血清免疫酶活性与淋巴器官的抗氧化作用。方法:将50只昆明小鼠随机分为5组(n=10):正常组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。模型组和正常组小鼠生理盐水灌胃,低、中、高剂量组分别给予金银花黄酮100 mg/kg、200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg体重灌胃。连续灌胃7周后,除正常组注射生理盐水,其他各组小鼠均采用25 mg/kg体重的地塞米松连续3 d皮下注射,造成免疫抑制后继续灌胃1周,处死全部小鼠,取血和胸腺、脾脏,称重胸腺和脾脏,计算小鼠脏器指数,测定血浆中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LSZ)活力,以及胸腺和脾脏匀浆中单胺氧化酶(MAO)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)。结果:金银花黄酮能显著提高免疫抑制小鼠的脏器指数,增加免疫抑制小鼠血清ACP、AKP和LSZ活力,提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏、胸腺组织T-AOC和SOD活性,而明显降低MAO和MDA含量。结论:金银花黄酮能显著调节小鼠血清免疫酶活性,提高淋巴器官的抗氧化功能,表明具其有良好的免疫调节功能。     

野生地参多糖对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠血糖和血脂的影响

为了研究野生地参多糖对四氧嘧啶(ALX)致糖尿病小鼠血糖和血脂的影响,利用四氧嘧啶(ALX)建立糖尿病小鼠模型,分别灌胃低(100 mg/(kg.d))、中(200 mg/(kg.d))、高(400 mg/(kg.d))剂量地参多糖溶液及阳性对照药盐酸苯乙双胍,正常对照组及糖尿病模型对照组则给等体积生理盐水。结果表明:连续给药14 d后,地参多糖对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响,100、200和400 mg/(kg.d)地参多糖均能明显降低ALX所致糖尿病小鼠高血糖,与糖尿病模型对照组相比,P<0.01;同时,相同剂量的地参多糖还能极显著降低ALX致糖尿病小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)(P<0.01)。中、高剂量地参多糖使糖尿病小鼠血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著回升(P<0.05),但低剂量地参多糖对糖尿病小鼠血清HDL-C则无明显影响(P>0.05)。地参多糖能明显降低ALX致糖尿病小鼠高血糖及高血脂。     

番茄叶水提物急性毒性及其对急性炎症的影响

本文观察了番茄叶水提物对小鼠的急性毒性及其对脂多糖诱导急性炎症模型大鼠的影响。采用经典的急性毒性试验方法,观察小鼠口服给予番茄叶水提物的死亡率,按寇氏法计算半数致死量(LD50)。50只SD大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、阳性药泼尼松5 mg/kg组与番茄叶水提物3.19、1.59 g/kg组,连续给药10 d,每天一次。以腹腔注射脂多糖(LPS)建立急性炎症模型,ELISA法测定血清白细胞介素1(IL-1)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)。结果显示,番茄叶水提物单次灌胃给药的LD50为46.44g/kg,95%可信限为39.52～54.60 g/kg。3.19 g/kg番茄叶水提物可明显降低LPS诱导的急性炎症小鼠血清IL-1、IL-6和TNF-α水平。番茄叶水提物抑制LPS诱导急性炎症的作用机制可能与其降低血清炎症因子水平有关。     

链脲佐菌素诱导C57小鼠1型糖尿病模型的研究

目的:通过小剂量多次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导建立与人类1型糖尿病相似的C57小鼠糖尿病模型,研究建模剂量和成模率。方法:将32只C57小鼠随机分为正常对照组(A)和实验组(B)。实验组(B)可分为低、中、高剂量组(50 mg/kg、70mg/kg、90 mg/kg)(n=8)。两组都喂普通饲料1周后,B组连续5天腹腔注射不同剂量STZ,测定注射前、注射后1周、2周、3周、4周、5周的空腹血糖和体重,观察小鼠饮食、饮水和排尿情况。STZ注射第3周进行口服糖耐量实验(OGTT)。结果:给药前A、B组体重和血糖无显著差异,给药1周后,B组饮水量和进食量明显增加,体重减轻。C57小鼠用药2周后,中剂量组达到建模标准,成模率75%。各剂量组均出现了糖耐量异常。结论:诱导建立C57小鼠1型糖尿病模型方法是连续5日腹腔注注射STZ,适宜剂量为70 mg/kg。     

玉米胚SOD提取物对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及血清氧化应激状态的影响

目的:探讨玉米胚SOD提取物对于糖尿病大鼠血糖及主要脏器抗氧化能力的影响.方法:成年雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为以下6组:1)正常对照组;2)糖尿病模型组:腹腔注射四氧嘧啶175mg/kg,连续两天;3)二甲基双胍对照组:糖尿病模型+灌服10mg/kg盐酸二甲基双胍;4)SOD高剂量组:糖尿病模型+灌服0.3gSOD提取物;5)SOD中剂量组:糖尿病模型+灌服0.18g SOD提取物;6)SOD低剂量组:糖尿病模型+灌服0.06g SOD提取物.连续3周,动态监测血糖,血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯.45天后处死动物,提取血清,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量;DTNB法测定还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量;黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力.结果:不同剂量的玉米胚SOD提取物对四氧嘧啶所致高血糖模型大鼠具有明显的降低血糖作用,可降低血清中总胆固醇和甘油三酯.并使血清MDA水平降低,抗氧化物质GSH含量增加,SOD活力升高.结论:玉米胚SOD提取物具有一定的降低血糖、血脂功效,可能与增加机体抗氧化能力有关.     

芒果苷对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用研究

本研究以二甲双胍为阳性对照,观察芒果苷(12.5、25.0、50.0 mg/kg)灌胃给药4周,对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的影响。实验结果表明芒果苷(25.0、50.0 mg/kg)灌胃给药后显著降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖、血清甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平,增加小鼠肌、肝糖原含量,但对糖尿病小鼠血清胰岛素水平没有影响;组织病理学检查结果表明芒果苷对糖尿病小鼠胰岛和β细胞的数量无明显改善,提示芒果苷灌胃给药对四氧嘧啶性糖尿病小鼠有降血糖作用,其降糖作用可能与促进肌、肝糖原的合成,增加机体对葡萄糖的利用有关,对糖尿病小鼠的脂代谢紊乱也有一定改善作用。     

Effects of Se-enriched polysaccharides produced by Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

In this study, the water-soluble selenium-enriched exopolysaccharides (Se-ECZ-EPS) were isolated from submerged culture broth of Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 through fermentation, ethanol precipitation and deproteinization. The protective effects of Se-ECZ-EPS on alloxan-induced diabetic mice were investigated. Diabetes was induced in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice by administration of single doses of alloxan intraperitoneally (190 mg/kg body weight). Se-ECZ-EPS at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were administered per os (p.o.) as single dose per day to diabetes-induced mice for a period of 42 days. The decrease in body weight, serum insulin level, and the increase in blood glucose level, glycosylated serum protein (GSP), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) in liver were observed in diabetic mice. On the other hand, oral administration of Se-ECZ-EPS resulted in a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels, GSP, TC and TG contents in liver coupled with improvement of body weight and serum insulin level in comparison with diabetic control group. These results suggest that Se-ECZ-EPS possess significant protective and anti-diabetic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.     

Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of hydroethanolic extract of Butea monosperma bark in diabetic mice

The antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidative properties of hydroethanolic extract of Butea monosperma bark were investigated in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan administration resulted in higher blood glucose level and reduced hepatic glycogen content as compared to normal animals. Besides, serum lipid profile parameters such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol were also found to be significantly elevated, whereas the level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was markedly reduced in diabetic animals. Oxidative damage in the tissues of diabetic mice was evidenced by a marked increase in the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), distinct decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and declined activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The daily treatment of diabetic animals with crude extract of B. monosperma bark (300 mg kg(-1)) for 45 days significantly lowered blood glucose level and elevated hepatic glycogen content, bringing the values close to those observed in normal control and glibenclamide-treated diabetic mice. Furthermore, the level of various lipid profile parameters was also reversed towards normal. TBARS and GSH also restored towards normal and the declined activity of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic animals was also normalized in crude extract administered mice, thus indicating the antioxidant efficacy of the drug in diabetes-induced oxidative damage. Significant antihyperglycemic and antioxidant potential of the crude extract of B. monosperma bark indicated that it may find use in the management of diabetes and resultant oxidative stress.     

Effect of aqueous extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Linn. beans on blood glucose level in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Effect of feeding orally the aqueous extract of beans of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba was investigated on fasting blood glucose levels in glucose loaded, normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and compared with gliclazide, a reference drug. The aqueous extract of beans at 250 mg/kg body wt significantly lowered blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats within 3 hr of administration. Continued administration of the extract at the same dose daily for 10 days produced statistically significant reduction in the blood glucose levels while marginal activity was seen in normal and glucose-loaded rats.     

老头草半仿生提取物的降血糖作用研究

本文利用尾静脉注射四氧嘧啶90mg/kg致糖尿病小鼠模型,研究了老头草半仿生提取物(LSBE)的降血糖作用,测定了LSBE对正常和糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖(Glu)、胆固醇(Chol)、甘油三酯(TG)、血清胰岛素(Ins)和胰淀粉酶(Amy)的影响。结果显示LSBE可使正常及模型小鼠血糖明显降低,并发现治疗8d后四氧嘧啶模型小鼠Ins、TG升高,Amy降低。     

Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects of aqueous extract of Arachis hypogaea in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effect of aqueous extract of Arachis hypogaea was investigated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease of fasting blood glucose of both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats from 102.60 +/- 1.65 mg/dl to 88.79 +/- 0.94 mg/dl for normal and 189.0 +/- 30.79 mg/dl to 107.55 +/- 1.54 mg/dl for alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The extract also caused a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol in both normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats.     

Protective effect of Morus rubra L. leaf extract on diet-induced atherosclerosis in diabetic rats

The antiatherosclerotic effect of aqueous leaves extract of Morus rubra was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed with atherosclerotic (Ath) diet [1.5 ml olive oil containing 8 mg (3, 20,000 IU) vitamin D2 and 40 mg cholesterol] for 5 consecutive days. A short-term toxicity assessment was also conducted in healthy rats to examine toxic effects of the extract. Oral administration of extract to diabetic rats (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight per day for a period of 30 days) produced significant (p<0.001) fall in fasting blood glucose (FBG) in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with the extract (400 mg/kg) showed significant (p<0.001) improvement in body weight and serum lipid profile i.e., total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol, when compared with diabetic control. Endothelial dysfunction parameters (sVCAM-1, Fibrinogen, total NO levels and oxidized LDL), apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B were significantly (p<0.001) reversed to near normal, following treatment with the extract. Thus, our study shows that aqueous leaf extract of Morus rubra (400 mg/kg) significantly improves the homeostasis of glucose and fat and possesses significant anti-atherosclerotic activity.     

西红花水提物对实验性糖尿病小鼠血糖水平的影响

目的：观察西红花水提物对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病小鼠血糖、血脂及胰腺组织的影响。方法：采用STZ （60 mg/kg）连续2 d腹腔注射建立糖尿病小鼠模型。将造模成功后的小鼠随机分为3组（n=10）：糖尿病模型（DM）组、西红花水提物（SE）组、阳性对照二甲双胍（MH）组。另取10只正常小鼠设为正常对照（NC）组。给药组每天灌胃1次,连续6周,模型组和正常对照组灌胃生理盐水。给药期间每周测定小鼠进食量、饮水量及体重,给药6周后测定空腹血糖（FBG）、口服糖耐量（OGTT）、糖化血清蛋白（GSP）、血清胰岛素（INS）和血脂等指标的变化情况;HE染色观察胰腺组织病理变化。结果：与NC组相比,DM组进食量、饮水量、线下曲线面积、FBG、GSP以及血脂中的总胆固醇（TC）均显著升高,空腹体重、血清胰岛素（INS）及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-c）均显著降低;与DM组相比,SE组小鼠饮水量、FBG、线下曲线面积、TC显著降低,HDL-c以及INS显著升高。病理学显示DM组胰岛结构破坏、胰岛细胞数量明显减少、胰岛血管增生、形态不规则等变化,SE能明显修复受损胰腺组织。结论：SE对链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病小鼠有一定降血糖、降血脂作用,可以有效改善胰腺病变的情况,提示西红花可能用于糖尿病的防治。     

金耳菌丝体多糖对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用研究

本文研究了金耳菌丝体多糖(TMP)对实验性2型糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂、胰岛素敏感性和抗氧化能力的影响。采用烟酰胺,链脲佐菌素和高脂饲料诱导2型糖尿病大鼠模型,以50和100mg/(kg.d)剂量的TMP连续灌胃48d,监测血糖,测定血清胰岛素、体重、脂代谢及抗氧化系统部分相关指标,并进行口服糖耐量实验。结果显示,TMP可明显降低2型糖尿病大鼠的血清葡萄糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和丙二醛水平,并极显著提高受试模型鼠的胰岛素敏感指数,血清超氧化物歧化酶活性和肝脏过氧化氢酶活性。此外,TMP能显著降低糖耐量实验中糖负荷后120min时糖尿病大鼠的血糖含量。上述结果表明TMP可有效降低实验性2型糖尿病大鼠的血糖水平,纠正脂代谢紊乱,改善胰岛素抵抗,增强抗氧化能力。     

Composition and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Inula britannica flower

In this paper, the composition and biological activities of polysaccharides from Inula britannica flower IBP obtained by water extraction were investigated. The properties and chemical compositions of IBP were analyzed with HPLC and IR methods. The results showed that IBP consisted of two kinds of polysaccharides with the molecular weight of 3500Da, 700Da. IBP consisted of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, arabinose with a molar ratio of 4.1:1:1.4:2.7:14.6:6.3:7.9. The IR spectrum of IBP revealed the typical characteristics of polysaccharides and protein. IBP was administered orally at three doses [100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight] for 14 days to the diabetic mice induced by alloxan. The body weight, plasma glucose, serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and liver glycogen were evaluated in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. IBP could dose-dependently significantly increase the body weight of diabetic mice, and reverse the decrease of plasma glucose, glycogen and the decrease of blood lipid of diabetic mice as compared to those in control group. These results indicated that IBP could be developed to a potential anti-diabetic drug in the future.     

Effect of the Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Thiamine for the Management of Diabetes in Alloxan-Induced Mice: a Stereological and Biochemical Study

This research was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and thiamine following experimental diabetes. Fifty-six 6-week-old female mice were used and divided into seven groups of eight animals. Diabetes was induced in fasted mice by using intraperitoneal (IP) injection of alloxan (180 mg/kg). Groups included (I) non-diabetic control, (II) thiamine (30 mg/l, IP), (III) alloxan-induced diabetic mice, (IV) diabetes + ZnO NPs (0.1 mg/kg IP), (V) diabetes + ZnO NPs (0.5 mg/kg IP), (VI) diabetes + ZnO NPs (0.1 mg/kg IP) + thiamine (30 mg/l, IP), and (VII) diabetes + ZnO NPs (0.5 mg/kg IP) + thiamine (30 mg/l, IP). Coincident with pancreas recovery, in diabetic treated mice (groups IV to VII), the mean islet volume, islets per square micrometer, and volume density of the pancreas had increased than in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. ZnO NPs and thiamine induced a decreasing blood glucose, lower serum triglyceride (TG), LDL, and total cholesterol (TC) levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice treated with ZnO NPs and thiamine, simultaneously increasing HDL as well. In conclusion, ZnO NPs and thiamine are potent antidiabetic factors, and that, these compound supplementation possesses hypoglycemic properties and have effect on serum lipid parameters in diabetes mice.