新型猫源干扰素FeIFN-ω与干扰素FeIFN-α的表达及抗病毒活性比较

ω型干扰素(IFN-ω)与α型干扰素(IFN-α)同属于Ⅰ型干扰素,都具有抗病毒,抗增殖和免疫调节的功能,但它们之间的活性却存在较大差异.通过PCR扩增猫ω型干扰素基因(FeIFN-ω),根据GenBank公布的猫α型干扰素基因序列,合成猫α型干扰素基因(FeIFN-α).分别构建原核表达载体pET-His/FeIFN-α和pET-His/FeIFN-ω,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行表达.表达产物经Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,复性后蛋白用细胞病变抑制法进行抗病毒活性测定.结果显示,重组猫ω型干扰素(FeIFN-ω)抗病毒活性明显高于重组猫α型干扰素(FeIFN-α),尤其对H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV),FeIFN-ω的活性是FeIFN-α的160倍,对犬瘟热病毒(CDV),FeIFN-ω的活性是FeIFN-α的4倍,而日本同类产品Intercat 对CDV和AIV均未表现活性.以上研究为以ω型干扰素为基础的抗病毒药物应用奠定了重要的理论基础.     

猪I型与II型干扰素的克隆、表达及抗病毒活性比较

干扰素(IFN)是由多种细胞受病毒感染或其他生物诱导剂刺激而产生的天然蛋白质,主要功能为抗病毒增殖、调节免疫反应和激活免疫细胞等。本研究克隆并测序了猪干扰素(PoIFN)α、γ、αγ及ω基因。构建原核表达载体pET-His/PoIFN-α、pET-His/PoIFN-γ、pET-His/PoIFN-αγ和pET-His/PoIFN-ω,转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行表达,经纯化、复性得到具有生物学活性的蛋白。用细胞病变抑制法在Marc-145/PRRSV、Marc-145/VSV、PK-15/VSV、Vero/VSV、MDBK/VSV系统上进行抗病毒活性测定,结果表明猪α和αγ融合干扰素有较为显著的抗病毒活性,抗PRRSV活性高达108U/mg;猪γ干扰素活性效价约为α干扰素的1/2到1/3;猪ω干扰素几乎未检测到抗病毒活性,需进一步验证。本研究对干扰素在抗病毒、提高机体免疫方面的应用提供了理论依据。     

猪γ干扰素的表达及其抗病毒活性的安全检测

为了提高干扰素抗病毒活性测定的生物安全性,本研究使用含有GFP的复制缺陷型水疱性口炎病毒(VSV△G*G)为指示病毒,分别对经原核表达系统和杆状病毒表达系统表达的重组猪γ干扰素(PoIFN-γ)在MDBK细胞上进行抗病毒活性测定。结果显示:由杆状病毒表达的重组PoIFN-γ具有高度抗病毒活性,其抗病毒活性为105IU/mL,原核表达的重组PoIFN-γ纯化后经缓慢复性也会产生一定的抗病毒活性,其抗病毒活性为32IU/mL。该方法与利用表达GFP的重组水疱性口炎病毒(VSV*GFP)所检测的干扰素抗病毒活性结果完全一致,表明复制缺陷型病毒VSV△G*G可作为复制型重组病毒的替代品,使得干扰素抗病毒活性检测更加安全、准确。     

重组马g-干扰素抗病毒活性测定及单克隆抗体抑制活性鉴定

为了测定大肠杆菌和杆状病毒表达的重组马g-干扰素是否具有抗病毒活性, 利用这两种干扰素处理马胎肾细胞(EFK-78), 然后接种表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的重组水泡性口炎病毒(VSV*GFP), 观察干扰素对病毒表达GFP的抑制, 测出其抗病毒活性单位分别为1×103 AU/mL、1×105 AU/mL。评价了制备的九株抗重组马g-干扰素单克隆抗体是否可抑制重组马g-干扰素抗病毒活性, 证实其中一株可中和重组马g-干扰素的抗病毒活性。结果表明: 杆状病毒表达的马g-干扰素具有较高的抗病毒活性, 其活性可被一株制备的抗重组马g-干扰素单克隆抗体抑制; 首次获得原核表达的具有抗病毒活性的马g-干扰素。     

重组鲁西黄牛α干扰素融合蛋白的表达及其抗病毒活性研究

通过PCR从鲁西黄牛(Yellowcattle)基因组DNA中克隆了α干扰素(BoIFN-α)基因,并插入到pET32a 中,构建成重组原核表达质粒pET32a /BoIFN-α,进行测序和诱导表达。测序结果表明,鲁西黄牛IFN-α基因全长498个核苷酸,含一个开放阅读框(ORF),编码166个氨基酸的成熟蛋白,与已报道的牛α干扰素C亚型氨基酸组成同源性为97.6%。表达产物经SDS-PAGE分析,表达出40kD的融合蛋白,表达量占菌体总蛋白的26.7%。表达产物经镍离子螯合次氨基三乙酸(Ni-NTA)亲和层析纯化,纯化产物进行复性后在MDBK/VSV上的活性为5×105u/mg。重组牛IFN-α(rBoIFN-α)对牛轮状病毒(BRV)有一定的抑制作用,抗BRV病毒活性为1.5×105u/mg。结果显示从鲁西黄牛中克隆了IFN-α基因的一种新亚型,即BoIFN-αC2,并实现了高效表达,获得了具有较高抗病毒活性的重组干扰素产物,为重组牛干扰素的开发奠定了基础。     

不同型别的基因工程干扰素抗病毒活性的比较

对大肠杆菌生产的不同型别的基因工程干扰素rIFN-α1(α1)、rIFN-αA(αA)、rIFN-β17ser(β17ser)和rIFN-γ(γ),以及自然人白细胞干扰素nIFN-αco,在不同细胞上对不同病毒的抗病毒活性做了比较研究。证明:①α1抗病毒作用的细胞谱较广,尤其在牛肾MDBK细胞和猪肾PK细胞上有很高的活性,分别为在人细胞上的29倍和7倍。β17ser和γ在异种细胞上活性极低,在鼠、猪和牛肾细胞上的活性为人细胞上的1～2％以下。②5种干扰素对麻疹、CoxB1、Sindbis、腺病毒7型和Ⅰ、Ⅱ型单纯疱疹病毒的抗病毒活性无明显差异。但不同病毒对干扰素的敏感性有明显差别,以Sindbis病毒为最敏感,7型腺病毒最不敏感。③5种干扰素对流行性出血热病毒均有明显的抗病毒作用,尤以人α1型和β干扰素作用最强,α1对出血热病毒的抗病毒活性是对滤泡性口膜炎病毒(VSV)的1/2.85,人β干扰素是对VSV的1/4.1。上述结果为人基因工程干扰素的临床应用提供了实验依据。     

重组人干扰素λ1的表达、纯化及生物活性研究

目的:利用大肠杆菌系统表达重组人Ⅲ型干扰素λ1(rhIFN-λ1),并进行纯化,以比较其与重组人干扰素-α2b(rhIFN-α2b)生物学活性的差异。方法:密码子优化的rhIFN-λ1基因与pET-44a载体连接构建原核表达质粒,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中表达,表达产物经系列层析纯化;采用细胞病变抑制法比较纯化的rhIFN-λ1与rhIFN-α2b、市售rhIFN-λ1的抗病毒活性;采用MTS法比较这些干扰素的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性。结果:基因优化后的rhIFN-λ1在大肠杆菌中得以高效表达,用所建立的纯化工艺可制备得到纯度达95.7%的rhIFN-λ1;rhIFN-λ1的抗病毒比活性为3.2×105 U/mg,比市售rhIFN-λ1的比活性(1.1×105 U/mg)略高,抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性为rhIFN-α2b的1.7倍。结论:获得的rhIFN-λ1具有剂量依赖的抗病毒活性和抗增殖活性,其抗病毒活性比市售rhIFN-λ1略高,抗细胞增殖活性高于rhIFN-α2b,提示rhIFN-λ1有较大的应用前景。     

携带猪γ干扰素基因逆转录病毒载体的构建及其在猪肾细胞(PK-15)中的表达

将梅山猪γ干扰素基因定向插入逆转录病毒载体pLXSN(neor),构建逆转录病毒重组质粒,利用脂质体介导法将重组质粒转染逆转录病毒包装细胞系PA317,转染细胞经含G418(400μg/mL)培养基筛选一周后获得稳定产毒的PA317细胞系。从细胞培养上清中提取RNA,进行RT-PCR检测,扩增到目的片段;将上清感染猪肾细胞(PK-15),经含G418(400μg/mL、600μg/mL和800μg/mL)的DMEM筛选一周,间接免疫荧光表明表达的猪γ干扰素主要锚定于细胞膜。收取PK-15细胞上清,在牛肾细胞(MDBK)上进行干扰素抗病毒活性检测,结果显示重组病毒表达的猪γ干扰素抗水泡性口炎病毒(VSV)的活性为1200IU/106cells.48h。以表达的干扰素处理PK-15细胞后,经细胞病变抑制法测定,重组猪γ干扰素可以抵抗口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)感染。试验结果表明猪γ干扰素基因已成功插入逆转录病毒基因组并在PK-15细胞中表达,表达的重组猪γ干扰素具有较强的抗病毒生物活性。     

鸡α干扰素在家蚕中的表达及抗病毒活性测定

鸡α干扰素在防御病毒感染及治疗病毒性疾病中起着重要的作用。旨在利用家蚕杆状病毒表达系统研制有活性的鸡α干扰素。首先对鸡α干扰素基因(ChIFN-α)进行了优化与合成,将其克隆到杆状病毒转移载体pVL1393中,与ORF1629缺损的亲本病毒BmBcmid共转染,纯化重组病毒,再感染家蚕幼虫,收集蚕血淋巴以检测α干扰素基因的表达。Western blot分析结果显示,成功表达出分子量约为19 kD的鸡α干扰素。采用细胞病变抑制法在Vero-VSV*GFP系统中测定表达产物的抗病毒活性。所的表达的鸡α干扰素具有明显的抗病毒活性,活性不低于3.2×105 U/mL。利用杆状病毒载体系统成功地表达了具有抗病毒活性的鸡α干扰素的成熟蛋白,为开发廉价高效的鸡干扰素生物制剂奠定了物质基础。     

Ⅲ型干扰素——新型抗病毒细胞因子

干扰素（IFN）是抗病毒感染的第一道防线,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型干扰素不仅可抑制病毒,而且还能参与天然免疫反应和获得性免疫反应。最近干扰素家族增添一位新成员：Ⅲ型干扰素,即IFN-λ,因其具有类似干扰素的抗病毒活性且能诱导干扰素相关基因的表达而命名。IFN-λ受体与Ⅰ型干扰素的受体不同,但具有与Ⅰ型干扰素类似的诱导表达方式和信号转导通路,并能激活一系列相似的干扰素刺激基因。就IFN-λ家族及其受体、基因表达和信号转导机制、抗病毒作用等进行综述。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).