培养温度和保存时间对草履虫密度的影响

草履虫是原生动物门纤毛纲的代表动物。在培养与保存草履虫的过程中,培养液中草履虫密度高低,直接影响学生的实验效果。实验证明,草履虫的生长、繁殖受温度影响比较大。草履虫培养液在不同温度条件下、保存时间长短不同,草履虫的密度不同。围绕着这一问题,进行了温度和时间对草履虫密度影响的研究。     

一种在高倍镜下观察草履虫活体结构的方法

对草履虫进行活体观察,一般是向草履虫培养液中加少量棉花纤维或一滴鸡蛋清以减慢虫体运动。但由于虫体仍处于运动之中,这些方法只适用于在低倍镜下观察。现介绍一种在高倍物镜下观察草履虫活体结构的方法: 1在干净的载玻片中央滴一滴草履虫培养液。 2.取1%洋红溶液和0.1%中性红溶液各一滴,在另一载玻片上混匀。用细玻璃棒蘸取少量混合液与载玻片上的草履虫培养液混合均匀,静置3一5分钟。 3取一段略长于载玻片宽度的头发,以垂直于载玻片长边的方向放于草履虫培养液的右边。然后取一     

变形虫和草履虫纯粹培养的简便方法介绍

变形虫和草履虫常被采取作为原生动物实验的主要代表,但是从自然环境或不纯粹的培养液中取得的变形虫和草履虫常常掺杂着其他小生物.学生在一个视野可以看到游来游去各种各样的小生物,和所要观察的变形虫、草履虫混淆不清,难于识别.教师一一解释,应接不暇,感到十分被动;这样就大大减低了实验的效果.为了要使学生便于观察和提高实验效     

几种常见的限制草履虫运动的方法及改进

草履虫在分类上属原生动物门纤毛纲动物。由于它易采集和培养,常被用做中学生物课以及高校生物专业学生学习原生动物的实验材料。但是,草履虫的运动速度较快,这影响了实验者尤其是初学者对草履虫外部形态及内部结构的详细观察,而且草履虫的观察实验一般安排在课程的第一次,因此     

草履虫表膜的染色

草履虫的表膜是由许多排列规则的六角形和四边形小区组成,但由于缺乏适当的染色方法,一般不易在实验中用普通显微镜直接观察。本人从多种染色试验中找到了一种简便快速的染色方法,制作的片子用高倍镜即可观察到虫体表膜的构造。同时,还能看到纤毛和剌丝以及它们所处的位置。其制片方法如下:取事先培养好的含有大量草履虫的培养液,滴一滴于载玻片中央。用蘸有少许蓝黑墨水或纯蓝墨水的玻璃棒与载玻片上的草履虫培养液接触并稍加搅拌。这时如果置载玻片于低倍镜下观     

培养液及其浓度和pH值对草履虫种群增长的影响

采用稻草、小麦、奶粉、酵母、玉米粒、荷叶等6种培养液培养草履虫,结果表明,稻草、玉米粒和奶粉培养液为草履虫的理想培养液。另外,对上述3种理想培养液的不同浓度和稻草培养液的不同pH值影响草履虫的生长繁殖进行了实验研究,统计分析表明影响较为明显。稻草培养液的最适浓度为1%~2%;奶粉培养液的最适浓度为0.1%~0.2%;玉米粒培养液的最适浓度为1%~2%;稻草培养液最适pH值为7.0。     

分离草履虫的新方法

草履虫是原生动物门的代表动物 ,也是实验生物学的重要材料。实验过程中一般都要有原种检出 (从其他原生动物中分离出草履虫 )或种间检出 (将不同种的草履虫分开 ) ,这些过程无疑都涉及草履虫的分离。但迄今为止 ,仍未有一种快速高效的分离方法 ,作者在实践的基础上 ,通过反复对比 ,总结出一种新的方法。1　原理与其他原生动物比较 ,草履虫对牛肉汁的敏感性要大得多 ,而且较其他培养液 ,牛肉汁较为澄清 ,易于观察到液体中的草履虫 ,因此可利用牛肉汁分离草履虫。单纯的使用牛肉汁 ,分离速度较慢 ,分离时间过长则会引发原液干涸和其他原生动…     

草履虫培养方法的比较研究

草履虫(Paramoecium caudatum)是原生动物门纤毛纲的代表动物,是动物学教学最常用的实验材料之一。传统培养草履虫的方法是用稻草液培养,近年来又有采用玉米粒、玉米雄芯、小麦粒、荷叶、动物组织、蚕黄、葡萄糖、奶粉、干酵母等材料制成培养液进行培养的报道。但究竟哪种方法效果较好,缺乏客观的比较与评价,由此特进行了本试验,旨在筛选较好的培养方法,为有效地培养教学实验动物提供科学依据。     

洁洁灵对草履虫生活状态的影响

在学习了初中《生物》“原生动物门”一节的知识后 ,为了使同学们加深对草履虫的认识 ,我们利用草履虫对生活环境水质敏感这一特点 ,把知识迁移而设计了“洁洁灵对草履虫生活状态的影响”的科学实验 ,经生物课外小组实验 ,实验效果比较明显 ,通过实验 ,同学们可以加深对草履虫的认识 ,培养学生科学实验素质 ,同时增强环境保护的意识。1　实验目的1.观察不同浓度洁洁灵溶液对草履虫生活状态的影响程度。2 .推论出生活中用餐具清洗剂洗完的餐具要用清水冲洗干净 ,以免影响人体健康。2　实验材料及用具草履虫培养液、已培养若干天的草履虫、蒸…     

用擦镜纸代替脱脂棉观察草履虫运动效果好

观察草履虫的运动及形态的实验。以往都是用脱脂棉覆盖载玻片上的草履虫培养液,以限制其运动,以便观察。但在实际操作中.学生不易掌握脱脂棉的厚度和匀度,从而影响实验效果。为此,我用擦镜纸代替脱脂棉。擦镜纸本身成细密网络状,质地薄且均匀,能很好地限制草履虫的运动,观察效果极为理想。方法如下:     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.