多点插管法制作上肢离体铸型标本

目的:研究显示上肢动脉铸型标本方法,为临床应用及教科研提供直观细致的局部循环标本。方法:截取新鲜成人尸上肢6例,从腋动脉、尺动脉及桡动脉分别向肢体两端进行多点灌注牙托粉、过氯乙烯等填充剂,然后进行腐蚀冲洗处理。结果:上肢动脉铸型标本外形美观,具有结构完整性和连续性,血管分支毗邻关系明确,疏密有度。结论:采用沿动脉管道多点插管灌注法是制作上肢动脉铸型标本较为有效的方法。     

环保型人体管道铸型填充剂的实验研究

目的:探讨环保型人体管道铸型填充剂的应用效果。方法:通过对CYD-128型环氧树脂进行增韧改性制备的填充剂,在灌注时根据管道粗细不同,只需调整填充剂中LNBR-26的用量(比例)即可。灌注成人管道时,采取[CYD-128:LNBR-26=100:(20～24)]比例填充剂和不同配制比例交替灌注方法;灌注小儿管道时,采取(CYD-128:LNBR-26=100:22)比例填充剂灌注。并观察它们的铸型效果。结果:制作出的成人上、下肢动脉铸型标本细疏有致,能够清楚地观察到上肢桡动脉、尺动脉及它们的掌浅弓和掌深弓,下肢胫前动脉及其足背动脉网和胫后动脉及其足底动脉网。制作出的胎儿全身动脉铸型标本疏密有度,精细美观,不仅充分地显示胎儿脉管系统的完整性和连续性,还直观地展示全身主要动脉和其骨骼的立体结构及毗邻关系。结论:应用本填充剂制作出的铸型标本,不但具有环保、主干刚性强及细小分支柔韧性好等特点,而且经济成本低。     

用过氯乙烯铸型动物器官内腔等标本方法

动物器官内腔铸型等标本是研究器官内腔工血管,肾小管分枝及分布的一种技术。试用过氯乙烯制作效果好,其优点是制作的标本可以触摸,不易折损,只要一次灌注就可。     

制作解剖铸型标本的一种简便方法

解剖上对中空器官(如血管、支气管、肺泡、输尿管)等管腔形态的整体显示,最直观的一种方法是“腐蚀铸型”法。即先把器官的管腔灌注可变坚硬的填充剂,然后将软组织腐蚀掉,以制成完整的管腔阴模铸型标本。关于注入管腔的填充剂,不外热冷两类。例如伍德合金、含脂松香、门捷列夫油灰等,都是在加热的情况下呈液态,灌注冷凝后变硬的热填充剂。这类填充剂在灌注时不仅对填充剂本身要加热和保温,而且标本也要预先进行热处理,手续颇繁。另外如常用的溶于丙酮或含酒精的乙醚中的各种塑料,以及各种橡胶乳液和有机玻璃等,即所谓冷填充剂,在灌注时不需要加热,而且效果良好,因此近年来多被采用。从经济实惠,标本制备更加简易出发,近年来我国不少实验室采用了溶于丙酮的废乒乓球、废X光和照象底片(硝酸纤     

西藏小型猪心脏、呼吸系统组织学观察

目的积累西藏小型猪心脏和呼吸系统的组织学资料,对西藏小型猪在相关生物学研究上的应用提供参考。方法将西藏小型猪心脏和呼吸系统各脏器固定于10％中性甲醛溶液中,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,光镜下观察。结果西藏小型猪心脏壁厚,心内膜下浦肯野纤维粗,束细胞大而清晰,排列规则;心肌纤维粗大,排列紧密,横纹较模糊,润盘少且不清楚,肌间血管丰富;心外膜较厚。西藏小型猪鼻黏膜较厚;气管和支气管假复层柱状纤毛上皮排列紧密,纤毛粗而长,黏膜下腺体量少;肺支气管周围无炎性细胞浸润,肺泡腔内尘细胞极少,肺泡壁和肺间质血管较丰富。结论西藏小型猪心脏、呼吸系统表现出高原动物组织学特点,其这种特点对今后西藏小型猪实验所涉及的组织学判断有重要参考价值。     

F1代西藏小型猪早期生长发育特点

目的研究西藏小型猪早期生长发育的规律。方法对本基地F1代西藏小型猪的体重、体长、胸围、体高、体温、呼吸频率、心率及血液生理生化指标进行了测定。结果西藏小型猪体型小,生长性能稳定,生长速度与原产地西藏小型猪基本一致;西藏小型猪的体温、呼吸次数和心率与原产地西藏小型猪相近,且雌雄之间差异不显著(P>0.05);F1代雌雄间除嗜碱性粒细胞、单核细胞数和尿素氮外其他指标也基本一致,大部分指标与人接近。结论由于西藏小型猪体型小、生长性能稳定,血液生理生化值与人类相近,因而是理想的医学研究用实验动物。     

亚热带气候环境下西藏小型猪部分血液生理生化指标的比较

目的比较研究西藏小型猪在亚热带气候环境下的部分血液生理生化指标。方法常规方法测定原代和F1代西藏小型猪血液的9项生理和9项生化指标,比较两代之间以及雌、雄之间的不同,并与其他实验动物及人类的同类指标进行对比分析。结果在生化指标中,原代雌雄之间AST差异显著;F1代雌雄之间TG、ALB有差异,BUN、CHOL有显著性差异。在生理指标中,原代雌、雄间无差异,F1代雌雄间MONO有显著性差异。结论西藏小型猪已经基本适应亚热带地区的环境。与其他实验动物相比西藏小型猪许多生理生化指标更接近人类,非常适合替代犬、猴用于生物医学研究。     

小型猪在医学研究领域的应用进展

随着对小型猪研究的不断深入,其作为人类疾病模型的优势越来越明显,在生物医学研究中的应用数量也越来越多。但是,小型猪在我国的应用时间不长,实验操作上有一定难度,影响了小型猪应用的推广。解放军总医院医学实验动物中心在国家＂十五＂科技攻关项目的支持下建设了小型猪实验应用的基本条件,探索形成了一套实用的小型猪基本实验操作技术。于2008年5月15日至17日在北京与中国实验动物学会联合举办了-小型猪在医学研究中的应用培训班,来自全国从事实验动物学、临床医学、基础医学、畜牧兽医等相关专业工作的50余人参加了培训。本次培训目的旨在普及推广小型猪在医学研究中的应用,发挥我国小型猪品种资源优势,促进交流和合作,推动原创性研究。会议内容涉及我国小型猪的应用进展、小型猪在毒理学研究、口腔医学研究异种移植、人类疾病的小型猪模型及小型猪实验操作等方面。应广大读者要求,征得作者同意,本刊陆续刊出,以飨读者。     

西藏小型猪肾脏应用组织学特点

目的研究西藏小型猪肾脏的组织结构,为其在生物医药领域中的应用提供形态学依据。方法取西藏小型猪肾脏标本投入10%中性福尔马林溶液固定24 h以上,修块,冲洗,脱水,透明,包埋,常规石蜡切片,HE染色,光镜观察拍照。结果西藏小型猪的肾与人肾一样呈长而扁的菜豆形,是表面光滑的多乳头肾,肾的表面有致密的结缔组织构成的被膜,肾实质可分为皮质和髓质,由数百万个肾单位和泌尿小管组成,其间由少量结缔组织、血管和神经等构成肾间质。结论西藏小型猪的肾脏结构比犬和猴更接近于人类,在异种器官移植、药物临床前安全性评价等生物医药领域中具有重要应用前景。     

国内外小型猪资源概况

猪和人在解剖学、生理学上有极大的相似性,而小型猪还具有品系繁多、遗传性能稳定等诸多优点,因此,作为实验动物已经被广泛应用于生物医学研究的多个方面。本文主要介绍了从40年代末美国开始培育小型猪以来,国内外小型猪的主要品系、培育、开发研究的发展情况以及国内培育小型猪的优势。     

Effect of monomer treatment and polymerisation methods on the bond strength of resin teeth to denture base material

Background: The fracture between acrylic denture base material and artificial teeth is a common clinical occurrence in dental prosthodontic practice. Objective: To evaluate the bond strength between acrylic resins and resin denture teeth when submitted by two protocols of monomer liquid application on the tooth surface and using different polymerisation methods. Material and methods: Microwave‐polymerised (Onda‐Cryl), heat‐polymerised (Clássico) and autopolymerising (Jet) acrylic resins and a brand of resin denture teeth (Biotone) were used. The acrylic resins were polymerised according to the cycles: (A) microwave – fast cycle, Onda‐Cryl; (B) microwave – long cycle, Onda‐Cryl; (C) microwave – manufacturer’s cycle, Onda‐Cryl; (T) water bath – long cycle, Clássico and (Q) bench polymerisation cycle, Jet. Thirty specimens were prepared for each polymerisation method; 10 were packed with acrylic resin after 60 s of monomer liquid application on the tooth surface, 10 after 180 s and 10 without any monomer liquid application. For the purpose of the study, a shear test was used. anova and Tukey tests were performed to identify significant differences (α = 0.05). Results: The highest bond strength values were found for monomer surface treatments, regardless of the polymerisation cycles. The highest significant values were found for cycles B (15.4 ± 1.8 MPa), C (11.9 ± 4.9 MPa) and T (15.4 ± 2.6 MPa) for non‐treated and 60 s methylmethacrylate treated groups. Comparing the monomer liquid treatment, they did not differ significantly (p > 0.05), except for cycle A (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chemical treatment using monomer on the tooth surface prior to the acrylic resin packing improved the bond strength between resin denture tooth and acrylic resin, regardless of monomer liquid treatment protocols. The microwavable resin, polymerised by fast cycle and autopolymerising resin should be avoided for processing denture and denture repairs, respectively.     

西藏小型猪H-FABP基因的PCR-RFLP研究

目的研究西藏小型猪心脏脂肪酸结合蛋白（H-FABP）基因5’-上游区和第二内含子内的遗传变异。方法应用PCR-RFLP技术测定30头西藏小型猪H-FABP的基因型。结果（1）在5’-上游区的Hinf I-RFLP位点上,西藏小型猪表现出多态性,等位基因h的频率为0．80;（2）在在第二内含子内的Hae Ⅲ-RFLP位点上,西藏小型猪均为DD纯合子;（3）在第二内含子内的Hinf I＊-RFLP位点上,除一头猪表现为bb基因型外,其余猪都表现为BB基因型,等位基因B的频率为0．97;（4）除Hae Ⅲ-RFLP位点外,在其余位点上西藏小型猪均处于Hardy-weinberg不平衡状态。（5）在Hinf I-RFLP中,西藏小型猪表现为中度多态性（0．25〈PIC〈0．5）,而在其他位点的RFLP中表现为低度多态（PIC〈0．25）。结论可以利用西藏小型猪H-FABP基因5’-上游区的多态遗传标记来分析其与肌内脂肪的关系。     

西藏小型猪群体遗传结构分析

目的了解西藏小型猪的群体遗传结构。方法针对所优选出的40个微卫星位点设计引物,对35头南方医科大学饲养的西藏小型猪样本进行PCR扩增,扩增产物采用STR扫描技术进行测定,分析西藏小型猪的群体遗传结构。结果西藏小型猪群体平均有效等位基因数为4.6187,平均杂合度为0.7576,平均多态性信息含量0.7463。结论西藏小型猪群体具有丰富的遗传多样性,符合封闭群动物遗传特性。     

Application of light-cured dental adhesive resin for mounting electrodes or microdialysis probes in chronic experiments

In chronic recording experiments, self-curing dental acrylic resins have been used as a mounting base of electrodes or microdialysis-probes. Since these acrylics do not bond to the bone, screws have been used as anchors. However, in small experimental animals like finches or mouse, their craniums are very fragile and can not successfully hold the anchors. In this report, we propose a new application of light-curing dental resins for mounting base of electrodes or microdialysis probes in chronic experiments. This material allows direct bonding to the cranium. Therefore, anchor screws are not required and surgical field can be reduced considerably. Past experiences show that the bonding effect maintains more than 2 months. Conventional resin's window of time when the materials are pliable and workable is a few minutes. However, the window of working time for these dental adhesives is significantly wider and adjustable.     

广州地区三种小型猪血液生理生化指标的比较

目的比较广州地区西藏小型猪、五指山小型猪和巴马小型猪血液生理生化指标的差异。方法全自动血液细胞和生化分析仪测定24个血液生理生化指标。结果 24个指标中,血红蛋白、白细胞、单核细胞、血细胞比容、葡萄糖指标的测定差异显著;淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、平均红细胞容积、平均红细胞血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清清蛋白、血尿素氮、血肌酐指标的测定差异极显著。其中血红蛋白、血细胞比容、平均红细胞容积、平均红细胞血红蛋白、血清总蛋白、血清清蛋白、血尿素氮、血肌酐指标以西藏小型猪最高,白细胞、淋巴细胞指标以五指山小型猪最高,而中性粒细胞、单核细胞、葡萄糖指标以巴马小型猪最高。结论三种小型猪血液生理生化指标的比较,为建立小型猪生物学特性数据库提供了理论依据。     

Effectiveness of different cleaning agents on the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic denture base resin

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00379.x
Effectiveness of different cleaning agents on the adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic denture base resin Objective:  To evaluate the ability of three alkaline peroxide‐type (Polident, Efferdent, Fittydent) and two mouth rinse cleaning agents (CloSYSII and Corsodyl) to inhibit Candida albicans on acrylic denture base resin. Background:  Appropriate routine cleaning of dentures is necessary to prevent denture stomatitis and maintenance of healthy supporting tissues. Materials and methods:  A total of 180 acrylic resin specimens (10 × 10 × 2 mm) were prepared and divided into six groups. Candida albicans was incubated on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) at 37°C for 48 h. After dilution, a final yeast suspension of approximately 10 6 C. albicans per millimetre was prepared. Ten acrylic resin specimens for each group were placed in a sterile Petri dish covered with 20 ml of fungal suspension and incubated at 37°C for 90 min. Then, the specimens were immersed in 40 ml of the test solution at 37°C for 15, 30 and 60 min. Fungal cells adhering to acrylic resin surfaces were fixed in formaldehyde and counted microscopically. Results:  Mouth rinses showed the highest removal activity for all the treatment times and completely eliminated the adherence of C. albicans. Conclusions:  The use of mouth rinse may be a suitable method for cleaning dentures.     

Evaluation of Vickers hardness of different types of acrylic denture base resins with and without glass fibre reinforcement

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2010.00435.x
Evaluation of Vickers hardness of different types of acrylic denture base resins with and without glass fibre reinforcement Objective: To evaluate the Vickers hardness of different acrylic resins for denture bases with and without the addition of glass fibres. Background: It has been suggested that different polymerisation methods, as well as the addition of glass fibre (FV) might improve the hardness of acrylic. Materials and methods: Five types of acrylic resin were tested: Vipi Wave (VW), microwave polymerisation; Vipi Flash (VF), auto‐polymerisation; Lucitone (LT), QC20 (QC) and Vipi Cril (VC), conventional heat‐polymerisation, all with or without glass fibre reinforcement (GFR) and distributed into 10 groups (n = 12). Specimens were then submitted to Vickers hardness testing with a 25‐g load for 30 s. All data were submitted to anova and Tukey’s HSD test. Results: A significant statistical difference was observed with regard to the polymerisation method and the GFR (p < 0.05). Without the GFR, the acrylic resin VC presented the highest hardness values, and VF and LT presented the lowest. In the presence of GFR, VC resin still presented the highest Vickers hardness values, and VF and QC presented the lowest. Conclusions: The acrylic resin VC and VW presented higher hardness values than VF and QC resins. Moreover, GFR increased the Vickers hardness of resins VW, VC and LT.