几种香料资源的开发利用

几种香料资源的开发利用刘国声一、小茴香酮开发分子式Ｃ（１０）Ｈ（１６）Ｏ分子量１５２，２３［来源］小茴香酮ｄ－Ｆｅｎｃｈｏｎｅ存于形科植物小茴香ＦｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｕｍｖｕｌｇａｒｅＭｉｌｌ果实的挥发油中。小茴香有两个亚种，一是苦小茴香Ｆ．ｖｕｌｇａｒｅ...     

小茴香及其混淆品山小茴的鉴别

小茴香及其混淆品山小茴的鉴别郭文菊,和建国（山西省药品检验所,０３０００１）小茴香为常用中药,中国药典１９９０年版收载的为伞形科植物茴香Ｆｏｅｎｉｃｕｌｕｍｕｕｌｇａｒｅ的干燥成熟果实。笔者在工作中发现有部分地区将另一种伞形科植物的果实山小茴作小茴香...     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的:研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法:应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果:小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论:小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

小茴香挥发油的抗炎镇痛作用

目的：研究小茴香挥发油的抗炎、镇痛作用,为指导临床合理用药提供科学依据。方法：应用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、蛋清致大鼠足肿胀2种动物模型进行抗炎药效学实验;采用醋酸致小鼠扭体反应进行镇痛实验。结果：小茴香挥发油能显著抑制上述各种动物模型的炎症反应及醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应。结论：小茴香挥发油具有抗炎和镇痛作用。     

小茴香果实中总黄酮含量测定方法研究

目的：测定小茴香果实中的总黄酮含量,以利于后续的提取操作。方法：采用分光光度法,以芦丁为标准样品,测定小茴香中的总黄酮含量;通过单因素和正交试验确定果实中总黄酮的最佳提取条件。结果：总黄酮的最佳提取条件为：乙醇浓度70%,提取时间2h,料液比1∶30,提取温度70℃,在此条件下提取率可达2.871。结论：试验结果可能为以后小茴香资源的开发利用提供重要的理论依据。     

小茴香挥发油贴剂体外释放和透皮性能的研究

本文主要对小茴香挥发油贴剂体外释放和透皮性能进行了研究。用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定小茴香挥发油在不同释放介质中的溶解度,选择30%聚乙二醇400-生理盐水作为满足漏槽条件的释放介质。按《中国药典》规定方法测定含不同稀释剂的小茴香挥发油贴剂体外释放量,24 h体外释放累积量依次为二乙二醇单乙基醚(Transcutol P)己二酸二异丙酯辛癸酸甘油酯空白肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,说明不同稀释剂对小茴香挥发油贴剂的释放影响较大。Transcutol P的释放效果最好,24 h体外释放百分含量为64.16%,其体外释放过程符合Higuchi方程,释放速率常数为1762.2μg/cm~2·h~2。因此,选择Transcutol P作为小茴香挥发油贴剂的稀释剂。用选定的稀释剂贴剂进行大鼠和小型猪腹部皮肤体外透皮性能的研究,体外透皮过程符合零级动力学方程,透皮速率分别为63.943μg/cm~2·h、6.134μg/cm~2·h,说明不同皮肤对体外透皮速率有影响。     

两种新的茴香脑资源植物

茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲是我国新近发现的特有植物,全株具有浓郁的茴香味。用气相色谱和色谱—质谱对这两种植物的根茎和叶挥发油进行了分析并与我国传统的香料和调味料—小茴香和大茴香的果实的挥发油进行了比较。发现:茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲的根茎和叶挥发油的主要成分是异茴香脑,分别为94.54(?)96.70％和60.29(?)86.20％;而小茴香和大茴香果实的挥发油的主要成分是反式—茴香脑,分别为80.29％、92.10％。异茴香脑的香味比反式—茴香脑弱,但它和醇碱液共热时即可发生异构化变成反式—茴香脑。且茴香菖蒲和香叶菖蒲是草本植物,容易栽培和繁殖。所以这是两种至今未被利用的,有发展前途的香料植物。     

安络小皮伞(Marasmlus androsaceus)的研究

我国民间利用野生小皮伞菌治疗跌打刀伤、麻风性神经痛等病症,疗效良好。遵照伟大领袖毛主席关于理论联系实际的教导,我们学习群众的经验,实行生产、使用和科研单位三结合,对民间利用的野生小皮伞菌进行了分离、鉴定、培养和应用的研究,证明民间作药用的菌株主要是安络小皮伞(Marasmius androsaceus)。在自然界中,它生于深山密林、阴凉潮湿、近水、酸性土壤上的枯枝、枯木或竹枝上。利用它治疗多种神经痛疾病,效果显著。     

金荞麦的药理作用

金荞麦Ｆａｇｏｐｙｒｕｍｃｙｍｏｓｕｍ也称野荞麦、苦荞头,为蓼科植物,它是我国民间常用的一种中草药,药用其根茎。性平,微凉,味苦,酸涩,民间用于治疗肺脓疡。金荞麦根茎中有效成份是一类原花色素的缩合性单宁混合物〔１〕,包括（一）表儿茶素（ｅｐｉｃａｔ...     

小茴香对肝纤维化大鼠脂质过氧化水平的影响

目的:研究小茴香对肝纤维化大鼠的脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法:取Wister大鼠100只,随机取12只设为正常组,其余采用四氯化碳(CCL4)复合因素法复制肝纤维化大鼠模型,复制成功后随机分为模型对照组、小茴香组和复方丹参组(n=12);相应药物干预8周后,镜检肝组织形态学改变;全自动生化分析仪检测外周血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平与血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)含量;生化法检测肝组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)与血清丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果:HE结果显示:模型组肝脏炎症与脂肪变性明显,经小茴香干预后明显改善。生化检测结果显示:与正常组比较,模型组ALT、AST水平显著升高(P<0.05),TP、ALB含量显著降低(P<0.05),HYP、MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05),而SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,小茴香组ALT、AST水平显著下降(P<0.05),TP、ALB水平显著升高(P<0.05);HYP、MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-PX和CAT活性显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:小茴香的抗肝纤维化作用可能与调节大鼠脂质过氧化水平有关。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.