脂肪来源干细胞通过Wnt/β-catenin通路调控前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞的增殖和凋亡

为了探讨脂肪来源干细胞对前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及分子机制,本研究从人体脂肪组织中分离脂肪来源干细胞并通过流式细胞术鉴定细胞表面标志物,将实验分为2组:对照组和脂肪来源干细胞共培养组。采用Transwell进行共培养,脂肪干细胞与前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞共培养组中两者比例为1:1,对照组中不含脂肪干细胞。CCK8检测前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞活力;羟脯氨酸法检测前列腺增生上皮细胞胶原合成能力;流式检测前列腺增生上皮细胞凋亡率;Western blotting检测前列腺增生上皮细胞Wnt3a、Bcl2和β-catenin蛋白表达水平。流式细胞仪检测结果,显示酶消化法能够从脂肪组织中分离出脂肪干细胞。人脂肪来源干细胞与前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞共培养能够显著抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞的增殖能力,羟脯氨酸检测结果表明,脂肪干细胞能够显著抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞胶原合成,流式检测结果显示脂肪干细胞能够显著促进前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞的凋亡,Western blotting检测显示脂肪干细胞能够显著抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞Wnt3a、Bcl2和β-catenin蛋白表达。本研究的初步结论表明:脂肪来源干细胞通过抑制Wnt/β-catenin通路抑制前列腺增生上皮BPH-1细胞增殖。     

大白鼠胃黏膜上皮的超微结构的研究

用电镜观察了对照组与喂食百菌清组大鼠前胃与腺胃粘膜上皮细胞的超微结构,结果如下:1.喂药组大鼠前胃复层游状上皮角化层增厚,胞浆内角质颗粒及上皮细胞间桥粒增多,基底膜完整而连续;2.喂药组大鼠腺胃的壁细胞内分泌小管及微绒毛增多,管腔扩大,双核主细胞略增多。上述结果提示,喂药组大鼠前胃粘膜上皮细胞及腺胃的壁细胞与主细胞处于轻度增生阶段。     

自发性及睾酮诱导犬前列腺增生模型的比较

目的比较自发性及雄激素诱导犬前列腺增生模型的特点,为更好地评价治疗前列腺增生药物奠定方法学基础。方法成年雄性Beagle犬12只,随机分成2组,B超探测符合要求的老年Beagle犬6只,依次设为对照组、睾酮组和老年犬组（即自发性前列腺增生组）。睾酮组动物去势后,经肌肉注射（im）2.5 mg/kg的睾酮,对照组动物给予等体积溶媒,老年犬组动物不给药,连续4周。每周称重一次,最后一次给药24 h后,B超探测前列腺体积,采血,取血清备用。麻醉处死动物,取前列腺,称干湿重,测量前列腺体积,计算前列腺脏器系数,组织切片,HE染色后镜下观察前列腺病理组织学变化,并进一步利用显微图像软件测量前列腺上皮高度及腺腔面积。利用磁酶免和ELISA方法检测血清及前列腺组织中睾酮（T）、双氢睾酮（DHT）、前列腺特异抗原（PSA）和前列腺酸性磷酸酶（PAP）水平。结果①给药后,各组动物体重增长总体呈平稳趋势。②B超结果显示,去势Beagle犬给予睾酮4周,前列腺体积大于对照组（P〈0.01）,老年犬前列腺体积大于成年犬（P〈0.01）。③解剖结果显示,睾酮组和老年犬组实际前列腺体积均明显大于对照组（P〈0.05）,且老年犬前列腺体积大于睾酮组;睾酮组和老年犬组前列腺湿量和脏器系数均大于对照组（P〈0.05）,且老年犬前列腺湿重和脏器系数均大于睾酮组。④病理形态分析显示,睾酮组犬前列腺镜下主要表现为腺体增生,尤其是腺上皮增生,而老年犬则更多表现为间质增生。显微图像分析结果显示,与正常对照组相比,睾酮组前列腺上皮高度增加（P〈0.01）,腺腔面积增大（P〈0.01）;老年Bea-gle犬同样表现为前列腺上皮高度增加（P〈0.01）,腺腔面积增大（P〈0.05）,但上皮高度要低于睾酮组。⑤激素检测结果显示,与对照组相比,睾酮组血清中T、DHT和PAP水平略升高,前列腺组织中T（P〈0.05）、DHT（P〈0.01）、PAP（P〈0.05）和PSA水平升高明显;老年犬血清中T、DHT和PAP水平略升高,前列腺组织中T升高,但DHT、PAP和PSA水平均较正常组为低。结论自发性和睾酮诱导的犬前列腺增生模型均可用于前列腺增生药物评价,但模型间存在一定的差异性。     

大鼠前列腺上皮细胞角蛋白8mRNA表达调节的定位研究

本文应用反义RNA探针原位杂交法,研究雄激素对大鼠腹侧前列腺(VP)上皮细胞角蛋白(CK)8 mRNA表达的影响。发现1.在任何VP组织切片中,CK 8探针专一、大量定位于VP腺上皮细胞中,CK 8 mRNA是前列腺上皮细胞特异而灵敏的标志。2.去睾大鼠VP CK 8 mRNA染色增强,提示CK 8mRNA有过度表达,注射雄激素又可抑制其过度表达。3.与已知受雄激素抑制性基因不同,即使大鼠VP完全萎缩之后达2个月之久,其存留腺上皮细胞CK 8 mRNA表达仍持续增高。4.前列腺发育早期,迅速增殖的幼稚腺上皮细胞高度表达CK 8 mRNA,以后随着体内雄激素水平升高,VP上皮CK 8 mRNA表达下降,分布转移。以上结果进一步支持前列腺CK 8基因是新的一类受雄激素抑制性基因的推测,同时表明前列腺CK 8基因的表达与前列腺干细胞的增殖分化有密切联系,CK 8 mRNA高度表达是前列腺干细胞一个重要特征。     

猕猴前列腺增生动物模型的建立

利用猕猴（Macaca mulatta）建立前列腺增生动物模型,并探讨丙酸睾酮（TP）诱导猕猴前列腺增生模型的最佳剂量及给药时间。雄性猕猴12只,随机分为3个剂量的实验组和对照组共4组,每组3只。去势8周后,皮下注射给药。实验组按低、中、高剂量分别给予丙酸睾酮（TP）0.8、2.5、7.5 mg/(kg?d),对照组给予等体积溶剂,连续8周。B型超声探测去势前、去势后8周及TP干预4周、8周时猕猴前列腺体积,并采集分离各个实验阶段的血清备用。给药8周后处死动物,取前列腺,称量湿重,测量体积,计算前列腺重量指数及体积指数,H.E染色切片观察前列腺增生情况,并进一步测量腺腔面积及腺上皮细胞高度。同时,采用ELISA方法测定血清及前列腺组织中二氢睾酮（DHT）水平。B型超声结果显示,去势8周时,各组猕猴前列腺体积均明显小于去势前（P < 0.05）。TP干预4周及8周时,各剂量组猕猴前列腺体积均显著大于对照组（P < 0.05）,且在干预4周TP中剂量组达到最佳效果（P < 0.01）。而TP干预4周与8周相比,各组间并无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。解剖结果显示,各实验组猕猴前列腺湿重、体积及脏器指数均明显大于对照组（P < 0.05）,且在中剂量组达到最大值。而显微图像分析结果显示,实验组猕猴前列腺上皮细胞增生,与对照组比较,各剂量组猕猴前列腺腺腔面积明显增加（P < 0.01）,腺上皮细胞高度明显增高（P < 0.01）。二氢睾酮（DHT）水平检测结果显示,与对照组相比,药物干预后各实验组猕猴血清中DHT含量明显增高（P < 0.01）,且在中剂量组达到最大值。TP干预4周与8周相比,各组间并无显著性差异（P > 0.05）。同时,各实验组前列腺组织中DHT含量相较于对照组也明显增高,但剂量-效应关系不显著,中剂量组优于高、低剂量组。TP药物干预去势猕猴可成功建立猕猴前列腺增生模型,初步判定较为适宜的造模条件为丙酸睾酮给药剂量2.5 mg/(kg?d),给药时间4周。     

蝉棒束孢菌子实体对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞的影响

对蝉棒束孢菌子实体（0.75g/kg）重复灌胃SD雄性大鼠90d及恢复28d的早期肾损伤生物标记物肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1）和中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白（NGAL）进行测定,评估蝉棒束孢菌子实体对肾小管上皮细胞的影响;研究不同剂量蝉棒束孢菌子实体（0.25g/kg、0.5g/kg、1.0g/kg）对肾小管上皮细胞增殖和增生能力的影响。给药30、60、90d及恢复28d时,SD大鼠血清中KIM-1浓度与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）,给药30d、60d时,SD大鼠血清中NGAL浓度与对照组相比均无显著差异（P>0.05）,给药90d及恢复28d时,SD大鼠血清中NGAL浓度低于对照组（P<0.05）,且给药90d组与对照组相比有显著性差异（P<0.01）;免疫组化检测增殖细胞核抗原法（PCNA）及四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法（MTT）表明：与对照组相比,蝉棒束孢菌子实体能使肾小管上皮细胞增生能力增强,未导致肾小管上皮细胞凋亡。     

大鼠前列腺上皮细胞培养鉴定及体外炎症模型建立初探

目的:在体外培养大鼠前列腺上皮细胞,建立脂多糖和蛇毒诱导的大鼠前列腺上皮细胞的体外炎症模型。方法:采用WAJC404培养基在体外培养大鼠的前列腺上皮细胞,通过免疫细胞化学方法对其进行鉴定,加入脂多糖和蛇毒用以建立体外的前列腺炎症模型。结果:在体外培养了大鼠的前列腺上皮细胞,泛细胞角蛋白染色阳性,脂多糖和蛇毒可损伤体外培养的前列腺上皮细胞,但不影响体外培养的前列腺上皮细胞培养液中细胞因子TNF-α和IL-1β及免疫球蛋白IgG、IgA和IgM的含量。结论:在体外培养了大鼠的前列腺上皮细胞,对大鼠前列腺体外炎症模型的建立进行了初步探索。     

烟管头草粗提物体外抗前列腺增生活性及机制研究

研究民族药烟管头草粗提物对体外前列腺增生(BPH1)细胞增殖的影响及对前列腺增生细胞生长的调控机制。荧光倒置显微镜观察实验组细胞数量与状态明显改变,且有凋亡小体出现现象; MTT法检测烟管头草粗提物对前列腺增殖细胞增殖作用实验表明,粗提物对BPH1细胞有很好抑制作用; Transwell侵袭实验表明细胞侵袭潜能随药物浓度增大而降低;细胞凋亡-Heston染色试剂检测粗提物对细胞凋亡的影响,表明粗提物与诱导细胞凋亡相关;细胞凋亡-DNA ladder抽提试剂盒检测DNA变化实验证实细胞经药物作用呈现典型的梯状条带;分子生物学实验进一步证明,细胞凋亡可能与Wnt信号通路的基因表达有关。     

脂多糖诱导的慢性阻塞性肺病模型大鼠肺支气管上皮MRP1功能分析

目的分析脂多糖(LPS)造模方法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)模型大鼠的肺支气管上皮细胞多药耐药相关蛋白1(MRP1)功能的影响。方法利用LPS造模方法制备COPD模型大鼠,设置正常对照组、造模14d组和造模28 d组,分别测定其呼吸功能;以酚红外排水平评价大鼠肺支气管上皮MRP1的功能;同时采用免疫组化法分析各组大鼠肺支气管上皮MRP1的表达。结果与正常对照组比较,LPS处理组造模进程中随时间的延长大鼠的各项肺功能指标明显下降;静脉给予酚红后其BALF中酚红浓度与血浆酚红浓度的比值降低;其肺支气管上皮MRP1蛋白表达显著性降低。结论 LPS造模方法制备COPD模型大鼠,随着造模的进程,其肺支气管上皮细胞MRP1蛋白的功能随之下调。     

根据基因功能表达谱研究抑郁症模型及安佳欣胶囊的抗抑郁症机制

由基因芯片检测正常大鼠、模型大鼠和服用安佳欣胶囊进行治疗后的大鼠各8例的基因表达谱,在正常组和模型组之间,筛选得到207个差异表达基因和25个差异表达基因功能模块,在模型组和给药组之间,筛选得到860个差异表达基因和24个差异表达基因功能模块。比较两次结果,得到信号传导通路、蛋白质转运等价相同的功能模块,预测此功能模块可能为安佳欣胶囊发挥抗抑郁作用的一部分靶点。在这9个模块中寻找在模型组出现差异表达而在给药组表达趋于正常水平的基因,从基因水平分析药物的治疗机制。     

沉默DNA-PKcs对细胞信号转导相关基因转录的影响

利用RNA干扰技术构建DNA-PKcs表达抑制细胞模型,探讨DNA-PKcs对HeLa细胞信号转导相关基因表达的调控作用.通过观察细胞对辐射及顺铂的敏感性,鉴定细胞表型变化.用寡核苷酸芯片检测细胞信号转导相关基因的转录谱,并用RT-PCR方法和SEAP检测系统进一步验证基因的表达变化.所筛选出的DNA-PKcs表达抑制细胞对辐射及顺铂的敏感性升高,15个与细胞信号转导相关的基因表达升高,其中7个是与干扰素信号转导反应相关的基因.8个表达下降,包括有细胞增殖分化相关基因,如NFAT.RT-PCR检测结果与芯片结果相一致,利用SEAT报告系统检测,进一步证实NFAT转录活性下调.实验结果表明,DNA-PKcs除了参与DNA修复外,还调控细胞信号转导相关基因的表达,而且大多与细胞增殖分化相关.     

Gene expression profiles in the PC-3 human prostate cancer cells induced by NKX3.1

NKX3.1, a prostate-specific gene, plays an important role in prostate development and carcinogenesis. However, its precise function has not been established. In present study, we transfected the NKX3.1 eukaryotic expression plasmid (pcDNA3.1-NKX3.1) into human prostate cancer cells PC-3, which lack of NKX3.1 expression, and established stable transfectants. Then, we investigated the influence of NKX3.1 on the cell growth, cell migration and colony formation efficiency. The results showed that restoration of NKX3.1 expression inhibited proliferation and invasion activities of PC-3 cells. Further, a cDNA microarray containing 22,000 human genes was used to identify the gene expression differences. The results showed that there were 1,953 genes showing more than a two-fold difference in expression. Subsequent ontological analysis revealed that a large proportion of the classified genes were related to cell growth, cell signal and cell invasion. Finally, the expression of Caspase-3, Bcl-2, P27, Cdk6 and AMACR, randomly selected genes from microarray data, was validated by RT-PCR and western blot. Collectively, our results first analyzed the gene expression profile in PC-3 cells induced by NKX3.1 and indicated that NKX3.1 might exert its function by regulating the expression of relative genes.     

Insulin alters the expression of components of the Wnt signaling pathway including TCF-4 in the intestinal cells

Background

Epidemiological and experimental evidence that support the correlation between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and increased risks of colorectal cancer formation have led us to hypothesize the existence of molecular crosstalk between insulin and canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Insulin was shown to stimulate Wnt target gene expression, utilizing the effector of the Wnt signaling pathway. Whether insulin affects expression of components of Wnt pathway has not been extensively examined.

Methods

cDNA microarray was utilized to assess the effect of insulin on gene expression profile in the rat intestinal non-cancer IEC-6 cell line, followed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and reporter gene analyses in intestinal cancer and non-cancer cells.

Results

Insulin was shown to alter the expression of a dozen of Wnt pathway related genes including TCF-4 (= TCF7L2) and frizzled- (Fzd-4). The stimulatory effect of insulin on TCF-4 expression was then confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and luciferase reporter analyses, while the activation on Fzd-4 was confirmed by real-time PCR.

General significance

Our observations suggest that insulin may crosstalk with the Wnt signaling pathway in a multi-level fashion, involving insulin regulation of the expression of Wnt target genes, a Wnt receptor, as well as mediators of the Wnt signaling pathway.     

High-throughput transcriptomic and RNAi analysis identifies AIM1, ERGIC1, TMED3 and TPX2 as potential drug targets in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases and there is a need for more efficient and targeted methods of treatment. In this study, the potential of gene expression data and RNA interference technique were combined to advance future personalized prostate cancer therapeutics. To distinguish the most promising in vivo prevalidated prostate cancer drug targets, a bioinformatic analysis was carried out using genome-wide gene expression data from 9873 human tissue samples. In total, 295 genes were selected for further functional studies in cultured prostate cancer cells due to their high mRNA expression in prostate, prostate cancer or in metastatic prostate cancer samples. Second, RNAi based cell viability assay was performed in VCaP and LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Based on the siRNA results, gene expression patterns in human tissues and novelty, endoplasmic reticulum function associated targets AIM1, ERGIC1 and TMED3, as well as mitosis regulating TPX2 were selected for further validation. AIM1, ERGIC1, and TPX2 were shown to be highly expressed especially in prostate cancer tissues, and high mRNA expression of ERGIC1 and TMED3 associated with AR and ERG oncogene expression. ERGIC1 silencing specifically regulated the proliferation of ERG oncogene positive prostate cancer cells and inhibited ERG mRNA expression in these cells, indicating that it is a potent drug target in ERG positive subgroup of prostate cancers. TPX2 expression associated with PSA failure and TPX2 silencing reduced PSA expression, indicating that TPX2 regulates androgen receptor mediated signaling. In conclusion, the combinatorial usage of microarray and RNAi techniques yielded in a large number of potential novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets, for future development of targeted and personalized approaches for prostate cancer management.