报春花属藏报春组、毛莨叶报春组的界定和系统发育关系：核糖体DNAITS序列证据

报春花属（PrimulaL.)藏报春组（sect.Auganthus Pax ex Balf.f.)和毛莨叶报春组（sect.Ranunculoides Chen et C.M.Hu)的界定一直是没有解决的问题,应用核糖体DNAITS序列数据探讨其系统发育关系。取样包括藏报春组和毛莨叶报春组的全部5个种以及其他一些相关组的代表种,ITS系统树表明,陕西羽叶报春（P.filchnerae Knuth)应与藏报春（P.sinensis Sabine ex Lindl.)和野藏报春耕（P.rupestris Balf.f.et Farrer)一起置于藏报春组;毛莨叶报春组只含两种;毛莨叶报春（P.cicutariifoliaPax)和安徽羽叶报春（P.merrilliana Schltr.)。这两组并不具密切亲缘关系,它们在报春花属中与其他组的关系还需进一步研究。研究也表明ITS序列可以为报春花属的系统发育重建提供大量可靠资料。     

报春花属藏报春组、毛茛叶报春组的界定和系统发育关系 :核糖体DNAITS序列证据(英文)

报春花属 (PrimulaL .)藏报春组 (sect.AuganthusPaxexBalf.f.)和毛茛叶报春组 (sect.RanunculoidesChenetC .M .Hu)的界定一直是没有解决的问题。应用核糖体DNAITS序列数据探讨其系统发育关系。取样包括藏报春组和毛茛叶报春组的全部 5个种以及其他一些相关组的代表种。ITS系统树表明 ,陕西羽叶报春 (P .filchneraeKnuth)应与藏报春 (P .sinensisSabineexLindl.)和野藏报春 (P .rupestrisBalf.f.etFarrer)一起置于藏报春组 ;毛茛叶报春组只含两种 :毛茛叶报春 (P .cicutariifoliaPax)和安徽羽叶报春 (P .merrillianaSchltr.)。这两组并不具密切亲缘关系 ,它们在报春花属中与其他组的关系还需进一步研究。研究也表明ITS序列可以为报春花属的系统发育重建提供大量可靠资料     

中国四川报春花属一新种

报道了中国四川报春花属(Primula L.)一新种——小繸瓣报春(P.hydrocotylifolia G.Hao,C.M.Hu&Y.Xu)。小繸瓣报春植株无毛、无粉,叶片多少呈圆形,具纤细的叶柄,开花期叶丛基部无鳞片,球形蒴果藏于宿存花萼,成熟时裂成不规则碎片,显然属于脆蒴报春组(sect.Petiolares Pax)革叶报春亚组(subsect.Chartacea W.W.Sm.&Forrest),并与该亚组的川西繸瓣报春(P.veitchiana Petitm.)最为接近,但后者植物体的各部分均远大于此新种,花序多花,花亦较大,二者之间无过渡类型。     

安徽羽叶报春和毛茛叶报春的微形态特征

在扫描电子显微镜和光学显微镜下,观察了安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana Schltr.)与毛茛叶报春(Primula cicutariifolia Pax)的种子、花粉形态及表面纹饰与叶表皮形态结构.结果表明:2种类的种子都呈不规则七面体或多面体,多具五边形纹饰;安徽羽叶报春的种皮雕纹浅,网眼具许多小的乳头状突起;毛茛叶报春的种皮雕纹明显,网眼粗糙,具许多大的乳头状突起.2种类花粉均为球形,具散孔(孔数达10个以上),具网状雕纹.2种类的叶表皮细胞呈凹凸镶嵌状不规则排列,而在中脉处呈长方形或略带微波状长方形,上表皮细胞稍大;叶两面被腺毛,且顶端具水孔.气孔的分布属于偏叶下表面生长,在边缘处尤密,而在中脉处近无;相对而言,安徽羽叶报春的气孔略比毛茛叶报春的气孔小,且密度也低;电子显微镜下2种类的气孔外拱盖内缘光滑,保卫细胞外缘隆起明显,中间凹陷,其上着生的乳头状突起安徽羽叶报春不如毛茛叶报春明显.     

安徽羽叶报春与毛茛叶报春的遗传多样性研究与新资源评估

采用RAPD方法对分布于安徽的珍稀濒危植物安徽羽叶报春(Primula merrilliana Schltr.)和毛茛叶报春(P．cicutariifolia Pax)的10个居群进行了DNA基因组多态性分析,从50条10碱基随机引物中筛选出14条能扩增出稳定性和重复性好的DNA片段的引物,共扩增出85条带,其中多态性带67条,占总数的78．8％。安徽羽叶报春与毛茛叶报春的多态位点分别达到71．6％与66．7％,因而推测主要致濒因素可能不是通常认为的低水平的遗传多样性。采用N—J法对遗传距离构建的树状图进行聚类分析,从分子角度证明了安徽羽叶报春与毛茛叶报春是2个自然的物种,同时也说明了它们的遗传多样性与生境多样性的密切相关性。由于这2个物种具有地处黄山风景区的地理优势和花朵多、花期长、花姿优美等观赏性特点以及遗传优势,如加以合理的开发与利用,可以作为观赏花卉新资源。     

应用ITS序列分析探讨偏花报春的系统位置

对于偏花报春Primula secundiflora Franch. 的系统位置,主要有两种意见,一种认为偏花报春具有典型的钟状花冠,应置于钟花报春组Sect．Sikkimensis;而另一种意见则依据其他特征将其置于灯台报春组sect．Proliferae。通过对偏花报春、灯台报春组4种植物和钟花报春组3种植物核糖体DNA中的内转录间隔区(ITS)的序列测定及分析,并结合形态学及染色体特征的比较论证,认为偏花报春应置于灯台报春组。     

云南报春花属（报春花科）——新变种―长萼铁梗报春

报道了云南报春花属一新变种,即长萼铁梗报春Primula sinolisteri Balf. f. var. longicalyx D. W. Xue & C. Q. Zhang。新变种与原变种的不同之处在于：花冠喉部具环状附属物,外面无毛,花萼与冠筒近等长,长7-10 mm。     

小报春与岩生报春种间杂交亲和性研究

以报春花属报春花组的小报春(Primula forbesii)和指叶报春组的岩生报春(Primula saxatilis)为亲本,对种间杂交的结实性及花粉管行为进行了观察。结果表明:小报春与岩生报春种间杂交表现为不亲和,正反交组合正常结实率为0,但正交、反交组合花粉在柱头表面的萌发和花粉管伸长过程有明显差异,小报春花粉授粉4h后可以在岩生报春柱头表面萌发,但花粉管伸长的速度明显比对照组[岩生报春(P)×岩生报春(T)、岩生报春(T)×岩生报春(P)]慢,并且花粉管生长弯曲,授粉192h后花粉管仍未到达子房;岩生报春的花粉可以在小报春柱头上正常萌发,授粉48h后花粉管到达子房;4个对照授粉组合均分别于24h(短花柱为母本)、48h(长花柱为母本)时完成受精过程。研究表明,岩生报春×小报春杂交存在受精前障碍,小报春×岩生报春杂交亲和性较好,并可通过幼胚拯救的方法获得组间杂种后代;花柱长度可能是影响种间杂交结实能力的因素之一。     

鄂报春(Primula obconica Hance) 一新亚种

报春花属植物广布于我国各地,惟福建、江苏未曾有记录.本文作者最近在福建首次采得此属标本,其体态极小,高不及6 cm, 花葶短于叶丛, 甚为特殊,但无疑与鄂报春Primula obconica 有密切的亲缘关系;其外形与小型鄂报春P. obconica subsp. parva尤为相似, 但花更小,白色,花同型(花柱更长),可以区别,其地理分布和生殖也与鄂报春其他亚种存在明显的隔离,因此作一新亚种发表.     

七种灯台报春组植物的细胞学研究

对报春花科（Primulaceae）报春花属（Primula）灯台报春组植物Section Proliferoe的7种报春进行了细胞学研究,其中腾冲灯台报春和川东灯台报春的核型分析为首次报道,结合已报道的灯台报春组其它植物的细胞学资料进行统计分析,结果表明灯台报春组植物在染色体基数、染色体形态、着丝点位置及染色体对称性上都具有很高的一致性,在灯台报春组有核型记录的种类中,其核型都属于Stebbins的2A型或2B型,核型差异很小,染色体基数均为x=11,推测其可能与报春花属中具有相同染色体基数的组亲缘关系更近。结合已发表的灯台报春组植物的细胞学资料及它们的形态特征,对其系统演化关系进行了比较分析,以期对该组的系统学及演化关系提供一些证据。     

Classification of Primula sect. Auricula (Primulaceae) based on two molecular data sets (ITS, AFLPs), morphology and geographical distribution

On the basis of the study of c . 1100 herbarium specimens, field observations and molecular (ITS, AFLPs) evidence, Primula sect . Auricula is classified into two subsections, 25 species and six subspecies. Primula auricula L. ssp. widmerae (Pax) L. B. Zhang stat. nov. , P. auricula Linn. ssp. tatriaca L. B. Zhang ssp. nov. , and P. latifolia Lapeyr. ssp. cynoglossifolia (Widmer) L. B. Zhang stat. nov. are newly described or combined; P. auricula s.l. is divided into two species: P. auricula Linn. and P. balbisii Lehm., representing the northern and the southern populations of P. auricula s.l. resolved in the molecular study, respectively; P. cottia Widmer and P. balbisii Lehm. are recovered from synonymy; P. grignensis D. M. Moser and P. pedemontana E. Thomas ex. Gaudin ssp. iberica Losa et P. Monts. are synonymized with P. hirsuta All. and P. pedemontana , respectively; P. clusiana is postulated to be an allopolyploid species. Phylogenetic relationships in the section are discussed based on morphological and molecular variation and geographical distribution.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 146 , 1–26.     

五味子科的系统发育:核糖体DNA ITS区序列证据

The Schisandraceae is one of the most important taxa for understanding the origin and evolution of primitive angiosperms due to its basal position in the recent cladograms of the angiosperm based both on several gene sequences and on morphological characters, but phylogenetic relationships within the family are still unresolved. The sequences of nrDNA ITS region of 15 species representing four sections of Schisandra Michx., two sections of Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss. and one outgroup, Illicium fargesii Finet et Gagnep., were used to reconstruct the phylogeny of Schisandraceae. Fourteen most parsimonious trees (Length=259, CI=0.934 and RI=0.889) were obtained from the analysis with I．fargesii as the outgroup. In the consensus tree, the genus Schisandra was found to be divided into three clades. Sect. Pleiostema formed a clade together with sect. Maximowiczia, sect. Sphaerostema was weakly supported to be the sister group of a clade comprising S. bicolor var. tuberculata and Kadsura species. In particular, S. bicolor var. tuberculata, a species of sect. Schisandra, was nested within Kadsura. It seems from this result and the morphological characters that Schisandra might not be a monophyletic group. According to the present molecular phylogeny, both elongated hypocarpium and deciduous habit originated independently at least twice in the Schisandraceae, and therefore, the value of the present morphological characters used in the classification of the family Schisandraceae should be reevaluated.     

中国榕属榕亚属植物的系统发育初探

对分布于中国的榕亚属植物的15个种和2个变种(分别代表榕亚属的3个组)的nrDNA的ITS序列和系统发育关系进行分析。结果表明,榕亚属是非单系起源,其中榕组构成了一个独立的单系群,与无花果亚属有较近的亲缘关系,而与榕亚属其它组间并未表现出近缘关系。榕亚属的其它5个组构成一单系群并得到中度的支持率。来自中国的种类分别聚在相应的组内。但环纹榕组被分成2个单支,其中来自中国的大叶水榕(F.glaberrima)和环纹榕(F.annulata)构成一个分支,二者表现较近的亲缘关系。榕亚属的亚洲特有组印度榕组在ITS树中聚在环纹榕组的另一个分支中,但它与此组其它种的亲缘关系并不清楚。     

Sequence Analysis of the ITS Region of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) in Chinese Amaranthus and Its Systematic Utility

The sequences of the ITS region (including ITS-1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA from 15 species of the genus Amaranthus L. and outgroup Celosia cristata L. were determined. The result shows that the size of the ITS region of Amaranthus is from 629 to 632 bp, and the length variation is only found in ITS-1 (250-253 bp). On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences, the Amaranthus species in China may be devided into three sections, viz., sect. Spinosus, sect. Amaranthus and sect. Paucestamen; the cultivated species, viz., Amaranthus paniculatus L., A. cruentus L., A. caudatus L. and A. hypochondriacus L. can be treated as the subsp. of A. hybridus L.; A. taishanensis F.Z.Li and A. tenuifolius Willd are both closely related to species in the sect. Paucestamen. The study also indicated that the number of stamens has more phylogenetic information than other characters, such as the number of sepals and dehiscence/indehiscence of fruits in Amaranthus.     

不同产区太子参的rDNA ITS区序列的比较

使用1对引物18SPl和26SP2对采自14个产区的太子参[Pseudostellaria heterophylla(Miq．)Pax ex Pax et Hoffm．]进行ITS基因的PCR扩增和测序。序列分析结果表明,14个产区太子参的ITSl片段长度为219—222bp,ITS2片段长度为235～236bp,5．8S片段长度为155—157bp.除江苏宜兴,江苏句容马梗,江苏南京老鹰山和江苏溧阳等4个产区的ITS序列碱基完全一致外,其他10个产区的ITS序列则有不同的变异,碱基变异数目(包括5．8S编码区)为1—17个。使用UPGMA法重建系统发生树,从分子生物学角度说明了它们的变异程度,为利用ITS区序列的差异鉴别不同产区的太子参提供了依据。     

On polyphyly of the former section Ochlopoa and the hybridogenic section Acroleucae (Poa,Poaceae): insights from molecular phylogenetic analyses

In this study, sequence data from the inert nuclear region ITS1‐5.8S rDNA‐ITS2 and the chloroplast region trnL–F, as well as a few morphological characters, are analysed to the relationships among known annual Poa (bluegrasses). It is shown that all taxa from the Poa annua aggregate distinguished by lemma characters and growth form have identical ITS and trnL–trnF sequences, all ITS sequences of this aggregate are the same as thethose of P. supina, and all trnL–trnF sequences are homologous with those of P. infirma. Furthermore, no differences were found between unusual morphotypes of P. supina with short spinules on their panicle branches and typical plants, but Siberian samples were found to have a slightly differentiated trnL–trnF region. These results suggest a hybrid origin of the Asian annual bluegrasses. Their maternal genome is close to that of P. sect. Homalopoa, but their ITS sequences are different. Some ITS sequences from annual Asian bluegrasses are resolved among representatives of P. sect. Stenopoa while for other (morphologically closely similar) species they fall in a clade with representatives of P. sect. Malacanthae. The latter group is distant from P. sect. Ochlopoa and is better treated as a separate section, viz P. sect. Acroleucae. The American annual bluegrasses are heterogeneous and also rather distant from P. sect. Ochlopoa. Poa chapmaniana, a species with cleistogamic flowers, is nested among the basal Subantarctic sections, far away from the taxa with which it has previously been considered related. It is indeed closer to P. sect. Ochlopoa than to other annual American bluegrasses. Thus, the studied annual species in fact belong to four independent evolutionary lines (or six including the separate genus Eremopoa and the Turkish Poa jubata), one of which, Acroleucae, has gone through three reticulation events. As in previous studies, our analysis did not support the generic status of P. sect. Ochlopoa.     

中国苋属nrDNA的ITS序列分析及其系统学意义

运用ＰＣＲ直接测序法,对苋属（Ａｍａｒａｎｒｈｕｓ Ｌ．）１５个种及外类群鸡冠花（Ｃｅｌｏｓｉａ ｃｒｉｓｔａｔａ Ｌ．）ｎｒＤＮＡ的ＩＴＳ区（包括ＩＴＳ－１,５．８５ｒＤＮＡ和ＩＴＳ－２）进行序列测定。结果表明苋属植物的ＩＴＳ序列总长度为６２９－６３２ｂｐ,长度变异仅发生在ＩＴＳ－１区（２５０－２５３ｂｐ）。采用ＰＡＵＰ软件进行系统发育分析表明：分布于中国的苋属植物可分为３组,即刺苋组（ｓｅｃｇ