大鹏湾浮游动物种群密度变化的一次数学模拟

大鹏湾浮游动物种群密度变化的一次数学模拟郭远琼（暨南大学华侨医院计算机室,广州５１０６３３）黄伟建韩博平齐雨藻（暨南大学水生生物研究所,广州５１０６３２）ＴｈｅＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａＭｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍＭｏｄｅｌｏｆｔｈｅＺｏｏｐｌａｎｋｔ...     

提高抗体酶催化活性的研究进展

提高抗体酶催化活性的研究进展王俊＊梁世中（华南理工大学生物工程系,广州５１０６４１）＊现工作单位：广州暨南大学生物工程学系（５１０６３２）。关键词抗体酶催化抗体催化活性抗体酶（催化抗体）技术是化学和生物学的研究成果在分子水平交叉渗透的产物,是将抗体的...     

不同品种的水稻乙醇提取物对褐飞虱的影响

不同品种的水稻乙醇提取物对褐飞虱的影响张古忍１廉斌３古练权２周强１张文庆１（１中山大学昆虫学研究所,２中山大学化学系广州５１０２７５;３暨南大学化学系广州５１０６３２）＊国家博士后基金、广东省自然科学基金、广东省博士后基金、中山大学生物防治国家重点实...     

蔬菜,水果与人体健康（下）

蔬菜、水果与人体健康（下）颜素珠（暨南大学生物系广州５１０６３２）（续１９９５年第３０卷第３期第２２页）水果类的例举我国水果的种类繁多，品质各异，有寒性（梨、香蕉、西瓜、猕猴桃等）与温性（荔枝、龙眼、大枣、葡萄、桃子等）之分。果品中的营养成分也是其它...     

常见的瓜类植物与人体健康

常见的瓜类植物与人体健康颜素珠（广东省广州暨南大学５１０６３２）每当夏季到来时，家家户户的餐桌上都少不了瓜类作成的菜肴，最常见的瓜类植物有：黄瓜（ＣｕｃｕｍｉｓｓａｔｉｖｕｓＬ．）又称胡瓜，青瓜，王瓜，刺瓜；它是一种细长借助卷须攀援的草质藤本。花虽单...     

鱼类侧线机械感觉猎物识别和定位的研究进展

鱼类侧线机械感觉猎物识别和定位的研究进展梁旭方（暨南大学生物系广州５１０６３２）关键词鱼类侧线机械感觉猎物识别和定位１侧线机械感觉在鱼类捕食中的作用虽然早已证实侧线对水面波的感受被某些鱼类用来捕食落于水面的陆生昆虫,但这种现象仅见于极少数具有奇特捕食...     

生物科学技术在医药学上的应用现状及前景

生物科学技术在医药学上的应用现状及前景林剑陈小佳（暨南大学生物工程研究所,５１０６３２）当今世界,国际竞争十分激烈,这种竞争实际上是综合国力的竞争。因此,要想在国际竞争中占有一席之地,必须要增强本国的经济综合实力,而发展经济的根本出路在于发展科学技术...     

刺激强度,刺激音持续时间与脑干听觉诱发电位慢成分的关系

刺激强度、刺激音持续时间与脑干听觉诱发电位慢成分的关系郑辉,李善民（暨南大学医学院听觉生理学研究室广州５１０６３２）脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）是听觉诱发电位的早期成分,由听觉刺激后１０ｍｓ内所记录到的７个阳性快波所组成,该波群重叠在缓慢的阳性慢波上...     

中国西南高山地区的四川白蛉

中国西南高山地区的四川白蛉冷延家，张玲敏暨南大学医学院医学寄生虫学教研室广州５１０６３２冷、尹￣［１］自川西北报道了四川白蛉Ｐｈｌｅｂｏｔｏｍｕｓ（Ａｄｌｅｒｉｕｓ）ｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ冷＆尹，１９８３，此后它被指控为四川、陕西、甘肃、青海的内脏...     

氟的代谢特点与人类健康

氟的代谢特点与人类健康何红卫（广州暨南大学华文学院预科部５１０１６０）缺氟使人患龋齿,氟多了又使人患斑釉齿甚至氟骨病,在必需元素中,人体对氟含量最为敏感。远在１８０５年盖一卢萨克（Ｇａｙ－Ｌｕｓｓａｃ）就发现氟与牙齿的结构有关。后来证明,食物及饮水中...     

大鹏湾生态因子灰关联分析

研究大鹏湾夜光藻、反曲原甲藻、浮游动物种群增殖与浮游动物和海水理化因子之间的关系,采用的方法是根据它们的种群增殖态势与浮游动物和理化因子的比较,依据空间理论的数学基础,按照规范性、偶对称性、整体性和接近性这四条原则,确定参考数列（母序列：夜光藻和反曲原甲藻、浮游动物）和若干比较数列（子序列：浮游动物和海水理化因子）之间的关联度．给出各因子对母序列影响的排列次序．其结果是,对大鹏湾生态环境起主要影响的因子有浮游动物、锰、铁和溶解氧     

Effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure

Cattle manure from stock bedded on straw was aerobically composted under ambient conditions, turning with either a tractor-mounted front-end loader or a rear discharge manure spreader. Three composting experiments, each of approximately four months duration, were conducted to investigate the effect of turning regime and seasonal weather conditions on nitrogen and phosphorus losses during aerobic composting of cattle manure. Manure stacks of 12-15 m(3) initial volume were constructed in separate 5 x 5 m concrete compartments. Experiment 1 (January-April 1999) compared manure heaps turned once (T1) or three times (T3) using a front-end loader with an unturned static (S) control manure stack. Experiment 2 (June-September 1999) compared the same treatments as Experiment 1. Experiment 3 (September-December 1999) compared T1 and T3 turning regimes using a front end loader with turning by a rear-discharge spreader (TR1 and TR1T2) for more effective aeration of the manure. Turning took place at 6 weeks for the one turn treatments, and after 2, 6 and 10 weeks for the three turn treatments. Leachate losses were dominated by NH(4)-N during the first three weeks of composting, after which time NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations in leachates were approximately the same, in the range 0-20 mg N l(-1). The concentrations of both NH4-N and NO3-N in leachate were higher after turning. Molybdate-reactive P concentrations in leachate tended not to be significantly influenced by turning regime. Gaseous losses of NH3 and N2O rose quickly during the initial phases of composting, peaking at 152 g N t(-1) d(-1) for the T3 treatment. Mean NH3 emission rate (25-252 g N t(-1) d(-1)) for the first two weeks of Experiment 2 conducted during the period June-September were an order of magnitude greater (1-10 g N t(-1) d(-1)) than Experiment 3, conducted during the colder, wetter autumn period (September-December). Nitrous oxide emission rates ranged between 1-14 g N t(-1) d(-1) and showed little influence of turning regime. Total N and P concentrations in turned (T) and static (S) manure were elevated at the end of all experiments, due to loss of dry matter. Mean total N losses were 30.4% (T1) and 36.8% (T3) and total P losses 28.2% (T1) and 27.4% (T3).     

不同土地利用类型对丹江口库区土壤氮矿化的影响

氮(N)素是陆地生态系统净初级生产力的重要限制因子, 土地利用类型的变化对生态系统氮循环过程有着重要的影响。采用PVC顶盖埋管原位培养的方法, 对丹江口库区清塘河流域相邻的侧柏(Platycladus orientalis)人工林、人工种植灌木林地和农田3种土地利用类型的氮素矿化和硝化作用进行了研究。结果表明, 侧柏人工林、灌木林地和农田的NH₄⁺-N浓度(mg·kg^-1)依次为1.33 ± 0.20、1.67 ± 0.17和1.62 ± 0.13, 不同土地利用类型间的NH₄⁺-N浓度无显著性差异; 而3种土地利用类型下土壤NO₃^--N浓度(mg·kg^-1)差异显著, 农田NO₃^--N浓度(9.00 ± 0.73)显著高于侧柏人工林(1.27 ± 0.18)和灌木林地(3.51 ± 0.11)。NO₃^--N在灌木林地和农田中分别占土壤无机氮库的67.8%和84.8%, 是土壤无机氮库的主要存在形式; 而侧柏人工林中NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度则基本相等。土壤硝化速率(mg·kg^-1·30 d^-1)从农田(7.13 ± 2.19)、灌木林地(2.56 ± 1.07)到侧柏人工林(0.85 ± 0.10)显著性降低。侧柏人工林、灌木林地和农田的矿化速率(mg·kg^-1·30 d^-1)依次为0.98 ± 0.12、2.52 ± 1.25和6.58 ± 2.29。矿化速率和硝化速率显著正相关, 但是矿化速率在不同的土地利用类型间差异不显著。培养过程中灌木林地和农田NH₄⁺-N的消耗大于积累, 氨化速率为负值, 导致灌木林地和农田矿化速率小于硝化速率。氮素的矿化和硝化作用受土壤含水量和土壤温度的影响, 并对土壤含水量更为敏感。土壤C:N与土壤矿化和硝化速率显著负相关。研究结果表明: 土地利用类型的变化会改变土壤微环境和土壤C:N, 进而会影响到土壤氮循环过程。     

Plant carbon substrate supply regulated soil nitrogen dynamics in a tallgrass prairie in the Great Plains,USA: results of a clipping and shading experiment

Aims Land use management affects plant carbon (C) supply and soil environments and hence alters soil nitrogen (N) dynamics, with consequent feedbacks to terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The objective of this study was to better identify mechanisms by which land-use management (clipping and shading) regulates soil N in a tallgrass prairie, OK, USA.Methods We conducted 1-year clipping and shading experiment to investigate the effects of changes in land-use management (soil microclimates, plant C substrate supply and microbial activity) on soil inorganic N (NH 4 + ? N and NO 3 ? ? N), net N mineralization and nitrification in a tallgrass prairie.Important findings Land-use management through clipping and/or shading significantly increased annual mean inorganic N, possibly due to lowered plant N uptake and decreased microbial N immobilization into biomass growth. Shading significantly increased annual mean mineralization rates (P < 0.05). Clipping slightly decreased annual mean N nitrification rates whereas shading significantly increased annual mean N nitrification rates. Soil microclimate significantly explained 36% of the variation in NO 3 ? ? N concentrations (P = 0.004). However, soil respiration, a predictor of plant C substrate supply and microbial activity, was negatively correlated with NH 4 + ? N concentrations (P = 0.0009), net N mineralization (P = 0.0037) and nitrification rates (P = 0.0028) across treatments. Our results suggest that change in C substrate supply and microbial activity under clipping and/or shading is a critical control on NH 4 + ? N, net N mineralization and nitrification rates, whereas clipping and shading-induced soil microclimate change can be important for NO 3 ? ? N variation in the tallgrass prairie.     

关于一类时滞人口模型的全局吸引性

给出了保证时滞人口模型N'(t)=r(t)N(t) t≤0的每一正解N(t)趋于正平衡点 N*=1(t→∞)的一族充分条件．改进了Joseph和Yu的相关结果．     

短期内^15N标记的铵盐和硝酸盐在青藏高原高寒草甸中的运移规律

运用^15N稳定性同位素示踪技术,对高寒草甸植物和土壤微生物固持沉降氮的能力及沉降氮在小嵩草（Kobresia pygaea)草甸中的运移规律进行了研究。施肥2周后,NO3^-－^15N和NH4^ －^15N的总恢复率分别为73．5％和78％。无论是NO3^-－^15N,还是NH4^ －^15N植物所固持的^15N总是比土壤有机质或者是土壤微生物固持的多。4周后,70．6％的NO3^-－^15N和57．4％的NH4^ －^15N被固持在土壤和植物中。其中,土壤微生物所固持。在施肥6周和8周后,NO3^-－^15N的总恢复率分别为58．4％和67％,而NH4^ －^15N的总恢复率分别为43．1％和49％。植物和土壤微生物所固持的NO3^-－^15N比NH4^ －^15N多。在整个实验期间,植物固持的NO3^-N较多,而且比土壤微生物固持了较多^15N。由于无机氮的含量一直很低,无机氮库所固持的^15N一般不超过1％。上述结果意味着短期内植物在高寒草甸中对沉降氮的去向起着决定作用。     

The complete amino acid sequence of the low molecular weight cytosolic acid phosphatase

This paper presents the complete amino acid sequence of the low molecular weight acid phosphatase from bovine liver. This isoenzyme of the acid phosphatase family is located in the cytosol, is not inhibited by L-(+)-tartrate and fluoride ions, but is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. The enzyme consists of 157 amino acid residues, has an acetylated NH2 terminus, and has arginine as the COOH-terminal residue. All 8 half-cystine residues are in the free thiol form. The molecular weight calculated from the sequence is 17,953. The sequence was determined by characterizing the peptides purified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography from tryptic, thermolytic, peptic, Staphylococcus aureus protease, and chymotryptic digests of the carboxymethylated protein. No sequence homologies were found with the two known acylphosphatase isoenzymes or the metalloproteins porcine uteroferrin and purple acid phosphatase from bovine spleen (both of which have acid phosphatase activity). Two half-cystines at or near the active site were identified through the reaction of the enzyme with [14C] iodoacetate in the presence or in the absence of a competitive inhibitor (i.e. inorganic phosphate). Ac-A E Q V T K S V L F V C L G N I C R S P I A E A V F R K L V T D Q N I S D N W V I D S G A V S D W N V G R S P N P R A V S C L R N H G I N T A H K A R Q V T K E D F V T F D Y I L C M D E S N L R D L N R K S N Q V K N C R A K I E L L G S Y D P Q K Q L I I E D P Y Y G N D A D F E T V Y Q Q C V R C C R A F L E K V R-OH.     

Contribution of conserved polar glutamine, asparagine and threonine residues and glycosylation to agonist action at human P2X1 receptors for ATP

The role of conserved polar glutamine, asparagine and threonine residues in the large extracellular loop, and glycosylation, to agonist action at human P2X1 receptors was tested by generating alanine substitution mutants. For the majority of mutants (Q56A, Q95A, T104A, T109A, Q112A, Q114A, T146A, N153A, T158A, N184A, N191A, N242A, N300A) alanine substitution had no effect on ATP potency. The mutants Q95A, Q112A, Q114A and T158A showed changes in efficacy for the partial agonists BzATP and Ap5A, suggesting that these polar residues may contribute to the gating of the channel. The mutants T186A, N204A and N290A had six-, three- and 60-fold decreases in ATP potency, respectively. For T186A and N290A, the partial agonists BzATP and Ap5A were no longer agonists but still bind to the receptor as shown by the ability to modulate the response to co-applied ATP. N153, N184 and N242 are glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum and N300 acquires complex glycosylation in the golgi. These results aid in refining a model for ATP binding at the P2X1 receptor where the residues F185T186, and the conserved triplet N290F291R292, are likely to play a role in ATP action at the receptor.     

大鹏湾反曲原甲藻种群动态机理模型辨识

建立了我国南海大鹏湾反曲原甲藻种群动态机理模型,在温度、盐度、溶解氧（ＤＯ）、可溶性无机磷（ＤＩＰ）、可溶性亚硝态氮、可溶性硝态氮和酸碱度（ＰＨ值）等７个因子的分析中,辨识出温度为反曲原甲藻的限制因子;种群数量变动中引入自回归平稳随机模拟,并建立３个站位６个层面的６个自回归与非线性回归联立模型,以动态递阶的方式对反曲原甲藻种群动态进行回代,研究模型对实测值的拟合结果,拟合率达８１．７％。     

Nitric oxide and carbon monoxide equilibria of horse myoglobin and (N-methylimidazole)protoheme. Evidence for steric interaction with the distal residues

The Soret absorption maxima and extinction coefficients of the CO and NO complexes of horse myoglobin and (NMeIm)protoheme (NMeIm = 1-methylimidazole) have been determined. The partition coefficient N, equal to the ratio P1/2 (CO)/P1/2(NO), has been determined spectrophotometrically for horse myoglobin and (NMeIm)protoheme. P1/2-(NO) values calculated from the partition coefficients are 5.7 x 10(7) mmHg for (NMeIm)protheme and 1.1 x 10(6) mmHg for horse myoglobin. The ratio of P1/2(NO) values for protein and model is 1.9 which is similar to a value of 1.6 reported for the ratio of P1/2(O2) values. These values may be compared to a ratio of 15 for CO binding to protein and model complexes. This different ratio for CO provides further evidence for steric interaction of the bound CO with the protein based on a consideration of the preferred nonlinear geometry of Fe-NO and Fe-O2 and the linear geometry of Fe-CO.