改革生物化学实验教学,提高学生综合创新能力

通过对生物化学实验教学内容体系的重组,教学方法、教学手段与实验考核方式的改革与探索,在生物化学实验教学各环节对学生全方位实施综合素质与创新能力的培养,取得了较好教学效果。     

动物生物化学实验教学的探索与实践

为培养高素质的人才,教学理念必须发生转变,教学的目的不仅是传授知识,重要的是对学生进行科学思维能力的训练和创新能力的培养。为此,我们课程组在动物生物化学实验教学中,从培养学生的主观能动性出发,对实验教学方法、实验教学内容优化等方面进行了一些探索性改革,以提高动物生物化学实验的教学效果。     

生物化学检验实验多元立体化教学模式的实践

立体化实验教学是以能力培养为核心,以教学资源为平台,动用所有教学要素,形成全方位、多层次和网络化的教学模式。为适应临床实践的需要,生物化学检验实验课在基础验证性实验前提下,开设综合性实验、设计性实验和开放性实验,培养学生的动手能力,知识综合运用能力和创新能力。并且,立体化实验采用立体化考核方法,有利于培养学生团队意识,提高学生学习热情和科研能力。     

凸显创新能力培养的免疫学实验教学体系的探索

为提高医学免疫学实验教学质量,培养学生创新能力,对本校2015级、2016级及2017级5年制临床医学专业医学免疫学实验教学课程进行了改革和探索。在基础验证性实验的基础上,开展了综合设计性实验,并试行了探索性创新性实验及开放性科研性实验。通过改革使学生成为教学过程的主体,充分激发学生的学习热情,不仅培养了学生的动手能力,更提高了他们交流合作及分析和解决问题的能力,从而推进了学生创新能力的培养。     

在动物学实验教学中培养学生创新思维

1 动物学实验教学存在的问题和实行改革的必要 传统的动物学实验一般以形态解剖和动物分类为主,课程教学内容多为演示性和验证性实验.这些实验对培养学生的基本实验技能、基本实验方法、常用仪器的使用以及数据处理是十分必要的,但模式比较单一.教学中综合类、研究类实验几乎是空白,未能反映现代动物学新发展内容,这对培养学生科研和创新能力不利(乔淑芬,2007).因此,改造传统的实验教学内容和实验技术方法,建立新型的适应学生能力培养、鼓励探索的多元化实验教学模式、培养学生的创新能力是非常必要的.3     

基础生物化学实验教学对学生技能的培养

面对国内实验教学的新形势和新要求,改进和完善本科实验教学日益紧迫。介绍了本科基础生物化学实验教学的内容与实践,根据生化实验课的特点,对实验教学内容、方式等进行改进,强调了以基本技术围绕基本实验与综合性实验为中心,培养学生的实践能力、创新能力与科学思维,重点强化了实验技能与素质的训练,探索了生化实验教学中培养高素质、综合型创新人才之路。     

生物化学实验课程化的改革与实践

现行的生物化学实验教学存在着目标定位过时、教学内容与方法滞后等诸多问题,难以满足现代教育的需要。为适应社会发展,培养具有实践能力和创新能力的人才,必须对传统的生物化学实验教学进行改革和优化。通过实验教学课程化等一系列改革,探索构建现代生物化学实验教学新模式和课程新体系,着力培养学生的综合能力。     

关于遗传学实验教学中果蝇实验的改革探索

介绍了遗传学实验教学中果蝇实验的教学改革尝试。一方面,将不同研究水平的实验集中连续交叉开出,充分利用实验时间,增选实验内容,改进实验方法,培养学生的综合能力;另一方面,讨论遗传学实验教学如何改变“验证性”教学为“发现式”教学。在果蝇杂交实验教学中,由学生提出实验设计方案,独立完成实验内容,学生处于主体地位,从而培养学生独立思考和实际操作能力,激发学生的学习兴趣。     

基于应用型创新人才培养的生物化学实验教学模式探索

生物化学实验是生物、制药专业的重要专业基础课程,现行生物化学实验教学中存在目标导向不明确、学生缺乏主动性、考核评价方式不科学等问题。为了改变这一状况,我们进行了教学模式改革探索,通过对教学内容、教学方式和考核方法等方面进行全面改革,着力改善教学效果,培养学生的实践创新能力,适应经济社会发展需求。     

医学微生物学实验教学改革的探索与实践

以麻醉学专业学生为研究对象,进行了传统实验教学与新实验教学模式的对比研究。新实验教学模式围绕如何在实验教学中培养学生的创新能力,从实验教学计划、教学内容、教学方法和手段、实验考核方法进行了改革和探索,增设了综合性与探索设计性实验,研制了实验多媒体课件。结果显示新实验教学模式有利于培养学生的动手能力、科研思维、创新能力以及综合分析能力,教学效果优于传统实验教学。创建了适合于培养麻醉学专业的医学微生物学实验教学体系。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.