一批逆转录酶活性检测假阳性的鉴别

目前逆转录病毒的检测方法被普遍应用的是逆转录酶活性检测,自从PCR方法被应用到逆转录酶活性检测中后,使检测的灵敏度及特异性得到极大地提高。同时,假阳性结果也带给各实验室很大困扰,包括试验过程中的实验用试剂及检测样品本身带来的假阳性。实验中观察了一批逆转录酶活性检测阳性样品和两个依赖DNA的DNA聚合酶的假阳性,通过对检测的严密监控以及改变反应体系pH值,抑制了由于细胞死亡后所释放的细胞内DNA聚合酶以及实验用DNA聚合酶的类逆转录酶样作用,从而达到鉴别结果的真实性的目的。     

生物制品中逆转录酶活性检测

在以往报道的逆转录酶（RT）检测方法的基础上,以噬菌体MS2RNA为模板,在有外源RT作用下,缩短逆转录的时间,产生特异性cDNA,经过PCR扩增,增加了试验的灵敏度。在PCR过程中,加入了RnaseA酶消化步骤,降低了逆转录反应的pH值到5．3,并用高浓度的琼脂糖凝胶观察扩增产物,减低了由于细胞内DNA聚合酶造成的假阳性结果的产生,而且使方法得到简化。     

逆转录病毒及逆转录酶检测方法研究评述

逆转录病毒常被作为载体,用于目的蛋白的表达或目的基因的嵌合。尽管,实验室选用的都是非感染性病毒,但并不能排除这些病毒不会对人类造成伤害。逆转录病毒的监督和检测具有非常重要的意义。逆转录酶活性又是逆转录病毒存在活性的重要标志。因此,本文将有关逆转录病毒及逆转录酶检测的方法做一综述,望对研究者有参考意义。     

应用激光显微切割技术检测单个结肠细胞的基因表达

目的：探讨检测单个结肠细胞的基因表达的方法。方法：应用激光显微切割技术(1aser micmdissection)从冰冻切片上将单个结肠细胞切下,提取总RNA,将RNA逆转录成cDNA,采用巢式逆转录聚合酶链反应(nested RT—PCR)检测mRNA的表达。结果：在显微镜下用紫外激光显微切割机,将单个结肠细胞成功切下,提取RNA后,逆转录成cDNA,经过巢式RT—PCR扩增后,扩增产物在琼脂糖凝胶上清晰可见。结论：联合应用激光显微切割和巢式RT—PCR可以检测单个结肠细胞的基因表达。     

逆转录的发现及启示

逆转录是在研究病毒致癌过程中提出的一种假说——前病毒假说,而1970年逆转录酶的发现标志着逆转录现象的证实？逆转录的发现过程是一种教科书式的程序,从科学难题到提出假说到最终证实假说,是一个基本的科学探索过程,通过对逆转录过程的回顾能够从中得到许多科学研究方法的启示。     

竞争多聚酶链式反应（PCR）技术

竞争逆转录——多聚酶链式反应(RT—PCR)技术与RNA标记技术一样,可用于定量mRNA,同时具有PCR的优点。     

马传染性贫血病毒基因非编码区LTR嵌合克隆的构建

在已有全长感染性克隆pLGFD3 8 和pD70344 的基础上,根据马传贫弱毒疫苗致弱过程中不同代次毒株LTR序列的分析,在LTR U3区选取特定的酶切位点对EIAV非编码区LTR基因进行了部分替换。将替换的全基因克隆转染驴胎皮肤细胞(FDD)并以驴白细胞(DL)传代,用逆转录酶活性检测、RT PCR方法及Real time RT PCR验证其感染性。结果发现,其衍生病毒感染上述两种细胞均出现明显的细胞病变;细胞培养上清可检测到RT酶活性和RT PCR阳性。电镜下可见大量典型的EIAV颗粒。pLGFD9 12 嵌合克隆衍生病毒与其父本克隆衍生病毒pLGFD3 8具有相似的复制水平,pLGFD9 12嵌合克隆衍生病毒在DL细胞上复制水平略高于FDD细胞。此结果为进一步深入研究LTR对马传染性贫血病毒复制水平和毒力的影响奠定了基础。     

双重实时逆转录PCR检测G2、G3型轮状病毒方法的建立

目的建立一种双重实时逆转录PCR,用于G2、G3型轮状病毒的快速检测和定量分析。方法采用G2、G3型轮状病毒VP7基因特异性引物/探针和体外转录RNAs,建立双重实时逆转录PCR,在同一反应管中同时检测G2、G3型轮状病毒VP7基因;并对该方法的灵敏度、重复性、有效性进行验证。结果双重实时逆转录PCR标准曲线R~2>0.99,扩增效率在90%～110%之间。灵敏度可达10~1拷贝,不同浓度体外转录RNAs重复性检测CV均≤4.18%。单重和双重实时逆转录PCR均可以对G2、G3型单价样本和混合样本进行有效检测,试验内CV均≤2.08%,试验间CV均≤2.52%。单重和双重实时逆转录PCR检测同一样本时具有良好的一致性,检测结果之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两种方法相关性较好(R~2>0.95)。结论本方法特异、快速、灵敏且重复性好,可以在同一反应管中同时检测两种目的基因,缩短了检测周期,降低了检测成本和污染风险,为轮状病毒的分型和定量提供了更为快速、有效的检测方法。     

逆向突变型EIAV全长基因组感染性克隆的构建及体外感染性评价

在已有全长基因组感染性克隆 pLGFD3 8的基础上,按照疫苗制作过程中 EIAV结构基因的变化规律,对其中gag基因进行定点逆向回复改造。并在gag突变的基础上增加env 突变位点。将所改造的突变克隆转染驴胎皮肤细胞(FDD)以及驴单核巨噬细胞(DL),并用逆转录酶活性检测和 RT PCR方法验证其感染性。结果发现,衍生病毒感染上述两种细胞均出现明显的细胞病变效应;细胞培养上清可检测到 RT酶活性和 RT PCR阳性。电镜下可见大量典型的病毒颗粒。然而单核巨噬细胞培养病毒感染滴度要明显高于驴胎皮肤细胞培养病毒滴度。驴胎皮肤细胞内嵌合克隆衍生病毒和父本克隆衍生病毒的复制动力学比较分析显示前者的复制比后者略有滞后。此结果为深入研究马传染性贫血病毒致病的分子机制和疫苗保护机理奠定了基础。     

Fidelity of Target Site Duplication and Sequence Preference during Integration of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) is a new human retrovirus associated with prostate cancer and chronic fatigue syndrome. The causal relationship of XMRV infection to human disease and the mechanism of pathogenicity have not been established. During retrovirus replication, integration of the cDNA copy of the viral RNA genome into the host cell chromosome is an essential step and involves coordinated joining of the two ends of the linear viral DNA into staggered sites on target DNA. Correct integration produces proviruses that are flanked by a short direct repeat, which varies from 4 to 6 bp among the retroviruses but is invariant for each particular retrovirus. Uncoordinated joining of the two viral DNA ends into target DNA can cause insertions, deletions, or other genomic alterations at the integration site. To determine the fidelity of XMRV integration, cells infected with XMRV were clonally expanded and DNA sequences at the viral-host DNA junctions were determined and analyzed. We found that a majority of the provirus ends were correctly processed and flanked by a 4-bp direct repeat of host DNA. A weak consensus sequence was also detected at the XMRV integration sites. We conclude that integration of XMRV DNA involves a coordinated joining of two viral DNA ends that are spaced 4 bp apart on the target DNA and proceeds with high fidelity.     

Retroviruses as mutagens: Insertion and excision of a nontransforming provirus alter expression of a resident transforming provirus

Integration of retroviral DNA appears to occur randomly in host genomes, suggesting that retroviruses can act as insertion mutagens. We have confirmed this prediction by showing that the nontransforming retrovirus, Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV), can insert its provirus within the selectable target provided by a single provirus in a clonal rat cell line (B31) transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Analysis of over 60 morphological revertants of M-MuLV-superinfected B31 cells revealed two lines with inserts of M-MuLV proviruses within the RSV provirus but outside the transforming gene of RSV (src), at sites 0.6 and 4.0 kb from the 5′ end. The inserts did not inactivate initiation of RSV RNA synthesis but did affect elongation or processing, or both, generating species with the 5′ end of RSV RNA linked to sequences that presumably derive from the inserted M-MuLV DNA. In one mutant line, most of the insert was excised at low frequency, apparently by homologous recombination between repeated sequences at the ends of M-MuLV DNA. After excision, RSV src mRNA was present in normal amounts, and the cells resumed a transformed appearance. In at least four independent lines, large portions of the left end of the RSV provirus (from 1 to 6 kb) and variable amounts of leftward flanking cellular DNA (from 0.5 to 10–15 kb or more) were deleted, without nearby insertions of M-MuLV DNA. The deletions removed the putative promoter for synthesis of RSV RNA; in the two cases examined, no RSV RNA was detected. These deletions may represent a second mutational effect of the superinfection by M-MuLV.     

Human cells infected with retrovirus vectors acquire an endogenous murine provirus.

A 5.2-kilobase mouse RNA is expressed in human cells following infection with recombinant retroviruses propagated in mouse NIH 3T3 cells as psi-2 pseudotypes. This RNA is transcribed from a defective mink cell focus-forming provirus and copackaged into virions and integrated into human target cell DNA at a frequency comparable to that of the recombinant retrovirus genome.