酪酸梭菌与双歧杆菌对肠道致病菌的体外生物拮抗作用

目的：探讨酪酸梭菌和婴儿型双歧杆菌对某些肠道致病菌的拮抗作用,方法：将酪酸梭菌和婴和型双歧杆菌单株菌及两株菌混合后分别与几株肠道致病菌混合接种于GAM液体培养其中进行厌氧培养,通过平板菌落计数法计算肠道致病菌的菌数,结果：经混合培养后肠道致病菌的菌数明显下降,结论：酪酸梭菌LCL166株和婴儿型双歧杆菌LCL172株在体外能明显抑制几株肠道致病菌的生长繁殖。     

酪酸梭菌--婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的　观察酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法　检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果　肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化 ,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加 ,差异有非常显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ,结论　酪酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

酪酸梭菌与胃肠道及肝脏疾病的研究进展

酪酸梭菌作为一种革兰阳性厌氧杆菌,从其发现、研究、开发到今天的广泛应用已经有140年的历史。相关作用机理研究发现,其具有调节肠道菌群平衡、保护肠道黏膜、增强宿主免疫力、抗肿瘤、调控基因表达和抑制炎症反应等多方面的作用。酪酸梭菌作为一种微生态制剂,已广泛应用于医药、保健和水产等多种行业,尤其在预防与治疗菌群失调引起的相关腹泻、炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、结直肠癌及肝性脑病、肝硬化等肝脏疾病方面已有深入研究,一直是微生态领域研究的热点。因此,本文就酪酸梭菌与胃肠道及肝脏疾病的相关研究进展进行简要综述。     

酪酸梭菌-婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂的研究

对酪酸梭菌－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂的特性及功效进行研究和分析。方法：通过实验鼠进行刺激生长试验、活菌数测定、毒理试验、调节肠道菌群试验、免疫调节作用来观察制剂的作用。结果：小鼠肠道中双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、酪酸梭菌数量明显增加,高剂量能增加小鼠抗体生成细胞数。     

酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻患者肠道菌群的影响

给慢性腹泻病人口服酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂,然后检测患者服药前后的肠道菌群变化.患者服用药品后,葡萄球菌、酵母菌、消化球菌、真杆菌和小梭菌的数量无明显变化,肠杆菌、肠球菌的数量明显减少,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,其中肠球菌、肠杆菌、拟杆菌和双歧杆菌的变化有显著性(P﹤0.05),提示酪酸梭菌-双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对慢性腹泻病人的肠道菌群具有明显的影响、具有增殖拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用.     

肠易激综合征患者服用酪酸菌制剂前后肠道菌群状况

治疗ＩＢＳ,观察酪酸菌制剂的临床疗效及肠道菌群状况。从门诊随机选择２１例男性,９例女性。检测大便常见菌群和病原菌,采用Ｍｉｌｅｓ－Ｍｉｓｒｏ介绍的滴注法操作。每次培养时均选上述细菌标准菌株一同培养作质控。治疗前总厌氧菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌下降,而有潜在致病性的梭菌明显下降。无致病菌生长。治疗后腹泻次数明显减少。总有效率为８３４％,双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌升高明显。结论：ＩＢＳ易致肠菌失调,酪酸菌能抑制肠道内腐败菌、病原菌,并能促进双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等肠道内的有益菌发育。     

酷酸梭菌——婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节试验

目的 观察酷酸梭菌－－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂对受试人群肠道菌群的影响。方法 检测受试者服用前后的肠道菌群并计数。结果 肠杆菌、肠球菌、拟杆菌的数量无明显变化,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌的数量明显增加,差异有非常显著性（Ｐ〈０．０１）,结论 酪酸梭菌－－婴儿型双歧杆菌二联活菌制剂具有一定的调节人体肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌和乳杆菌的作用。     

酪酸梭菌对艰难梭菌感染的防治研究

目的:观察酪酸梭菌对艰难梭菌感染的防治效果.方法:用艰难梭菌产毒株人工感染BALB/C小鼠,感染前后分别用酪酸梭菌进行预防与治疗,并检测盲肠内容物细胞毒性和进行肠黏膜病理观察.结果:酪酸梭菌不能预防艰难梭菌的感染,但在艰难梭菌感染后则能明显降低艰难梭菌的产毒力和盲肠黏膜的病理损伤.结论:酪酸梭菌对小鼠艰难梭菌感染有明显的治疗作用.     

围术期微生态制剂对电切肠息肉患者肠黏膜再生修复的作用

目的探讨围术期给予微生态制剂酪酸梭菌活菌片对电切肠息肉患者肠黏膜再生修复的影响。方法选择我院2017年1月至2019年6月期间收治的104例择期电切手术的肠息肉患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组和研究组,各52例。两组患者均给予围术期常规治疗,研究组在此基础上于术前2 d至术后4周给予酪酸梭菌活菌片。采用乳果糖/甘露醇(LAC/MAN)吸收试验评价患者肠黏膜功能,复查电子结肠镜评价肠黏膜修复率和肠黏膜评分。结果研究组患者术后肠黏膜修复情况优于对照组,肠黏膜评分低于对照组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前两组患者LAC、MAN和LAC/MAN比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后研究组患者LAC和LAC/MAN显著低于对照组(P0.05)。术前两组患者D-乳酸、DAO、ET和PCT水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),术后研究组患者D-乳酸、DAO、ET和PCT水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论围术期给予电切肠息肉患者微生态制剂酪酸梭菌活菌片可降低肠黏膜通透性,促进肠黏膜的再生和修复。     

酪酸梭菌与婴双歧杆菌对艰难梭菌体外生物拮抗作用的作用

用酪酸梭菌（Clostridium butyricum)和婴双歧杆菌（Bifidobacterium infantis)单独或联合艰难菌（Clostridium difficile)进行试管内的生物拮抗作用,将酪酸梭菌、婴儿双歧杆菌单独或酪酸梭菌和婴儿双歧杆菌联合分别与艰难梭菌以一定的比例等量混合后,接种于GAM液体培养基中进行厌氧培养。证明酪酸梭菌和婴儿双歧杆菌能明显抑制艰难梭菌的生长,并且两菌联合比各自单独培养时显示出更强的生物拮抗作用。     

Probiotics and prebiotics in human health

Probiotic bacteria are found in the intestines of humans and other mammals where they provide health benefits to the host. They do so by (1) providing nutrients and cofactors, (2) successfully competing with pathogens, and (3) stimulating host immune responses by producing specific polysaccharides. These bacteria can also alleviate the symptoms of disease-related metabolic disorders. Prebiotics are substances, usually poorly metabolized polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, that cannot be ingested effectively by the animal. They stimulate the growth of intestinal probiotic bacteria, which can utilize these carbohydrates, thereby promoting health of the organism. Genetic engineering has proven useful for the design of probiotic bacteria that counteract the symptoms of genetic and age-related diseases. Can these bacteria be engineered, through human-promoted accelerative evolution, so that they stimulate their own growth and that of other probiotic bacteria so as to crowd pathogens out of the intestine?     

Predatory and biocontrol potency of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus toward phytopathogenic strains of Pantoea sp. and Xanthomonas campestris in the presence of exo-biopolymers: in vitro and in vivo assessments

International Microbiology - Bdellovibrios are predatory bacteria that invade other live Gram-negative bacterial cells for growth and reproduction. They have recently been considered as potential...     

高抗菌活性乳酸菌拮抗食源性致病菌的研究进展

食源性致病菌严重威胁人类的生命健康。服用抗生素是目前最有效的治疗手段。但不规范使用抗生素,导致耐药性细菌日趋普遍。乳酸菌是公认的食品级安全微生物,因其具有拮抗致病菌、增强免疫功能、加强肠道屏障、平衡肠道菌群等功能而具有良好的应用前景,有望成为下一代安全、稳定、经济的生物抗菌剂,以减少甚至替代抗生素的使用。本文通过阐述乳酸菌抗菌物质、抗菌机制及抗菌功能特性等,以促进乳酸菌的研究和应用。     

香菇酶解物对小鼠免疫及肠道菌群的影响研究

【目的】研究香菇酶解物对小鼠免疫及肠道菌群的影响。【方法】首先采用环磷酰胺(CY)造模法制作小鼠免疫抑制模型,然后对其中两组分别灌胃香菇未酶解物和香菇酶解物,最后观察疗效、测定免疫指标和试验小鼠肠道中细菌总数、大肠杆菌数、乳酸菌数和真菌总数等。【结果】香菇酶解物可使受免疫抑制的小鼠(活跃度、粪便、毛皮、体重)恢复到正常水平,促进免疫器官脾脏及胸腺的发育(P<0.05),增强腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬活性(P<0.01)。同时提高小鼠肠道中以乳酸菌为主的有益菌数量(P<0.01),抑制大肠杆菌等致病菌的生长(P<0.01)。【结论】香菇酶解物可以提高小鼠的免疫功能,改善肠道菌群环境,对肠道功能有一定的调节作用,有较高的食用和药用价值。     

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Modulating Tumor Growth and Anticancer Agent Efficacy

An increasing number of studies have revealed an interaction between gut microbiota and tumors. The enrichment of specific bacteria strains in the intestines has been found to modulate tumor growth and influence the mechanisms of tumor treatment. Various bacteria are involved in modulating the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs currently used to treat patients with cancer, and they affect not only gastrointestinal tract tumors but also distant organ tumors. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota are known to be involved in the antitumor immune response as well as the modulation of the intestinal immune system. As a result, the gut microbiota plays an important role in modulating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered as an adjuvant treatment option with other cancer treatment or as another marker for predicting treatment response. In this review, we examine how gut microbiota affects cancer treatments.     

On the Reproduction Number of a Gut Microbiota Model

A spatially structured linear model of the growth of intestinal bacteria is analysed from two generational viewpoints. Firstly, the basic reproduction number associated with the bacterial population, i.e. the expected number of daughter cells per bacterium, is given explicitly in terms of biological parameters. Secondly, an alternative quantity is introduced based on the number of bacteria produced within the intestine by one bacterium originally in the external media. The latter depends on the parameters in a simpler way and provides more biological insight than the standard reproduction number, allowing the design of experimental procedures. Both quantities coincide and are equal to one at the extinction threshold, below which the bacterial population becomes extinct. Optimal values of both reproduction numbers are derived assuming parameter trade-offs.     

Intestinal microflora and homeostasis of the mucosal immune response: implications for probiotic bacteria?

The intestinal microflora can be considered a postnatally acquired organ that is composed of a large diversity of bacteria that perform important functions for the host and can be modulated by environmental factors, such as nutrition. Specific components of the intestinal microflora, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been associated with beneficial effects on the host, such as promotion of gut maturation and integrity, antagonisms against pathogens and immune modulation. Beyond this, the microflora seems to play a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and prevention of inflammation. The contribution of the intestinal epithelial cell in the first line of defense against pathogenic bacteria and microbial antigens has been recognized. However, the interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with indigenous bacteria are less well understood. This review will summarize the increasing scientific attention to mechanisms of the innate immune response of the host towards different components of the microflora, and suggest a potential role for selected probiotic bacteria in the regulation of intestinal inflammation.     

Causes for spontaneous abortion: what the bugs 'gut' to do with it?

Spontaneous miscarriage is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome in humans and occurs in 15-20% of all recognized pregnancies. High psychosocial stress perception has long been recognized as a threat to pregnancy maintenance and accumulating evidence supports that stress affects maternal adaptation to pregnancy and subsequently impedes fetomaternal tolerance. This review strongly focuses on the role of microbial products within the stress-induced signalling cascade, linking the disequilibrium of the endogenous microflora to immune activation and pregnancy loss. The stress signalling cascade utilizes the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which acts as a danger signal via Toll like receptor 4. Physiologically, the intestinal microflora provides a source for endogenous LPS, i.e. during the stress response, and psychosocial stress challenge in mice enhances the gastrointestinal permeability and bacterial uptake from the gut. Clearly, these novel insights not only deepen our understanding of mechanisms involved in the stress response cascade, but also initiate a renaissance of therapeutic intervention strategies, aiming to modulate the intestinal flora by probiotic bacteria. In turn, intestinal barrier function may be enhanced and mediators of immune tolerance may be restored, i.e. in the context of reproduction.     

金银花提取液通过改善肠道微生物和增强肠粘膜免疫促进宿主健康

金银花是一种传统的中药,具有清热解毒、抗炎补虚的功效,在营养保健、化妆品等行业应用广泛,阐明金银花的生物功效及作用机制有助于推动金银花产品开发和促进产业发展。本研究通过动物实验研究了水、金银花水提液、金银花醇提液及其主要成分绿原酸和木犀草苷对昆明小鼠肠道微生物和肠粘膜免疫因子的影响,实验发现,金银花提取液(水提,醇提)对肠道结构没有破坏作用,且它们能促进有益菌、抑制潜在致病菌的生长来改善肠道微生物,还可显著降低肠碱性磷酸酶活性,并通过调节分泌型免疫球蛋白SIg A的含量和细胞因子IFN-γ/IL-4来增强肠道免疫屏障,促进宿主健康。提取液中主要成分绿原酸、木犀草苷在改善肠道微生物和调节肠道免疫时发挥着不同的作用。