不同地区库蚊复组群体的同工酶遗传多样性研究

采用水平切片淀粉凝胶电泳的方法,对分布于我国5省的8个库蚊复组（Culex pipiens complex）野生群体的遗传多样性进行研究,分析了4个酶系统7个基因座(ME、MDH-1、MDH-2、MDH-3、GPD、EST-2、EST-3)的酶谱资料。结果显示：（1）群体内存在不同程度的遗传变异（He为0.098～0.41）;（2）较低的基因流水平（Nm=0.64）使遗传漂变起主要作用,造成群体之间的遗传分化（Gst=0.303）,而总群体的遗传多样性相对富集于群体之内(Hs/Dst=2)。（3）库蚊群体的遗传结构属于距离隔离模式。（4）群体间的遗传一致性(或遗传距离)反映出群体间的遗传分化程度,也表明与地理位置存在对应关系。Abstract: Eight field populations of Culex pipiens complex collected from five provinces (Guangdong, Henan, Shandong, Beijing and Yunnan) in 2001 were used to study genetic diversity by starch gel electrophoresis. Data from seven loci (ME、MDH-1、MDH-2、MDH-3、GPD、EST-2、EST-3) of four isozymes were analyzed by software Biosys2.0 and FSTAT(Version 2.9.3). The results were as follows: (1) The values of He (from 0.098 to 0.41) indicated genetic variabilities of different degree in populations.(2)The low level of gene flow (Nm=0.64) could not prevent genetic drift to cause the gene differentiation between populations. The genetic diversity between populations attributed to the genetic diversity of total populations is small (Gst =0.303), and the great part is accumulated within populations (Hs/Dst=2). (3) The genetic structure of Culex pipiens complex population was the isolation-by-distance model. (4) The genetic identity (or genetic distance) revealed the scale of genetic differentiation between populations which related to the collection sites.     

群体遗传不平衡条件下的结构基因遗传共适应特性

本研究以柴达木山羊、柴达木绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊三个群体共147只山羊为材料,利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）技术检测了5种血液蛋白质（酶）基因座的遗传多态性,并进行了结构基因遗传共适应的研究,结果发现：45个基因座组合中有10个基因座组合处于遗传不平衡状态,并且这些遗传不平衡皆单纯由遗传共适应差异造成;除辽宁绒山羊Tf-PA-3组合的遗传不平衡包含非等位基因间的遗传共适应差异外,其他基因座组合的遗传不平衡皆由等位基因间的共适应差异,即单基因座的遗传不平衡造成;LAP-EsD组合的共适应差异在群体间有遗传传递现象。 Abstract:With the technology of PAGE,the genetic polymorphism of blood protein and enzyme was investigated,and genetic co-adaptability among structural genes was studied in three goat populations(147 goats) including Chaidamu goat(CS),Chaidamu Cashmere goat(CRS) and Liaoning Cashmere goat(LRS) in Qinghai Province,China.The results were showed that the genetic disequilibrium of 10 locus combinations was found among 45 locus combinations in the three goat populations,and these genetic disequilibria were caused only by the difference of genetic co-adaptability among genes,because there didn′t exist the linkage disequilibrium among non-allelic genes.The genetic disequilibrium including the difference of genetic co-adaptability between non-allelic genes was only found at Tf-PA-3 locus combinations in LRS population,the other ones were all caused by the genetic disequilibrium at a single locus.The difference of genetic co-adaptability of LAP-EsD locus combinations could be messaged among different populations.     

猪1号染色体微卫星多态性研究及遗传连锁图谱的构建

微卫星具有多态性高、保守性好等优点。本研究选取以20cM左右的间距均匀分布于1号染色体的8个多态微卫星基因座构建猪1号染色体的遗传连锁图谱,为进一步进行重要经济性状基因座的定位打下基础。试验结果表明,8个基因座等位基因数目2~5个,各个基因座等位基因频率在0.015~0.75之间,杂合度为0.39705~0.67675,多态信息含量为0.32925~0.59316。构建的资源家系遗传连锁图谱总长181.5cM,与USDA结果基本一致,可进一步用于猪数量性状基因座定位的研究。 The Microsatellite Polymorphism Research on Porcine Chromosome 1 and the Construction of Its Genetic Map QU Yan-chun,DENG Chang-yan,XIONG Yuan-zhu,SU Yu-hong,ZHENG Rong,LIU Gui-lan The Key Laboratory of Pig Breeding and Genetics,The Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China Abstract:As a molecular marker,microsatellite has many advantages such as high polymorphism and good conservativeness in animal genetic research.The study chose 8 microsatellite markers that evenly distributed on chromosome 1 with a distance about 20 cM to build the genetic map of porcine chromosome 1.The results of our experiment are as follows:the number of alleles for 8 markers is 2 to 5,their gene frequency is from 0.015 to 0.75,the heterozygosity is from 0.39705 to 0.67675 and the polymorphic information content is from 0.32925 to 0.59316.The map we built is basically in consistent with the result of USDA and can be used in searching quantitative traits loci in pigs. Key words：porcine; microsatellite; heterozygosity; polymorphic information content; genetic map     

NIDDM病人空腹血糖遗传度分析

应用数量性状遗传度估计方法(相关回归法), 对50户NIDDM病例核心家庭成员空腹血糖的遗传度进行估计,以探讨遗传和环境因素对血糖这一数量性状的决定作用。结果表明,经年龄和环境因素校正血糖后,用子女对中亲回归估计的空腹血糖遗传度为0.35768±0.2024, 说明遗传因素虽起一定作用,但环境因素的作用更不容忽视,即支持NIDDM为多因子遗传病。空腹血糖的遗传未显示母体效应。 Abstract:The heritabiligy of fasting glucose was estimated on the members of 50 core families by using the method of correlation and regression of quantitative character heritability so as to research the role of genetic and environmental factors in NIDDM.The result showed that the heritability of glucose,adjusted by age and environmental factors,of the offspring on mid-parent was 0.35768±0.2024.This suggested that in NIDDM genetic factors play a role to some extent,but the influence of environmental factors is more significant,i.e. NIDDM being considered as a multifactorial disease.The genetics of fasting glucose did not show the maternal effects.     

Progress in the Study of Molecular Genetic Improvements of Poplar in China

The poplar is one of the most economically important and intensively studied tree species owing to its wide application in the timber industry and as a model material for the study of woody plants. The natural resource of poplars in China is replete. Over the past 10 years, the application of molecular biological techniques to genetic improvements in poplar species has been widely studied in China. Recent advances in molecular genetic improvements of poplar, including cDNA library construction, gene cloning and identification, genetic engineering, gene expression, genetic linkage map construction, mapping of quantitative trait loci （QTL） and molecular-assisted selection, are reviewed in the present paper. In addition, the application of modern biotechnology to molecular improvements in the genetic traits of the poplar and some unsolved problems are discussed.     

Derivation of Non-Integration Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Fibroblast of Severe Deafness Patients with GJB2 Mutation

<正>In all the connexin-associated human diseases,deafness is one of the most important diseases with high frequency.The mutations of GJB2(gap junction protein b2,also called connexin26,Cx26)gene link with nonsyndromic or syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and were shown to account for a large proportion of congenital deaf cases in many studied populations(del Castillo and del Castillo,2011).For example,the235del C mutation in GJB2 shows the frequency of approxi-     

Low genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation in the critically endangered Omphalogramma souliei （Primulaceae）： implications for its conservation

Omphalogramma souliei Franch. is an endangered perennial herb only distributed in alpine areas of SW China. ISSR markers were applied to determine the genetic variation and genetic structure of 60 individuals of three populations of O. souliei in NW Yunnan, China. The genetic diversity at the species level is low with P=42.5% （percentage of polymorphic bands） and Hsp=0.1762 （total genetic diversity）. However, a high level of genetic differentiation among populations was detected based on different measures （Nei＇s genetic diversity analysis： Gst=0.6038; AMOVA analysis： Fst=0.6797）. Low level of genetic diversity within populations and significant genetic differentiation among populations might be due to the mixed mating system in which xenogamy predominated and autogamy played an assistant role in O. souliei. The genetic drift due to small population size and limited current gene flow also resulted in significant genetic differentiation. The assessment of genetic variation and differentiation of the endangered species provides important information for conservation on a genetic basis. Conservation strategies for this rare endemic species are proposed.     

松属植物遗传多样性研究进展

研究松属遗传多样性的方法涉及表型、同工酶、染色体、DNA等多层面。 松树表型性状变异广泛,其不同树种不同性状的遗传力（或遗传率）均存在差异。到目前为止,同工酶仍是检测松树遗传多样性的最常用方法,一般而言,松属树种群体内等位酶多样性程度高,群体间分化较低,但各树种的情形也不尽相同。松属树种染色体水平的变异很低,其核型高度一致。核DNA组较一般阔叶树大,遗传多样性丰富,但叶绿体等质体DNA则多样性较低。影响遗传多样性的因素很多,其中自身的交配系统和外部的生长环境是影响它的两个主要因素。最后,回顾了松树的起源及其遗传多样性保护策略等方面的研究。 Abstract:The ways of probing genetic diversity of pines involve many aspects,such as morphology,chromosome,isozyme,DNA,etc.The phenotypic characteristics in pines vary widely and the differences of inheritability(h2) are obvious among characteristics and among species.Up to now,isozyme is still the most common means to measure genetic diversity of pines.Generally,there are high allozyme diversity within populations and low differentiation coefficient among populations,but differences exist between species in Pinus.The variations of chromosome among pines are very low and the karyotypes of pines are consentaneous,but the genomes of pines in cell nucleus are much larger than that of broadleaves.Diversity of pines are abundant at nucleus DNA level but are poor at plastid DNA level,such as ctDNA.There are many factors that will affect genetic diversity of pines,in which mating system and environment are two main factors.Finally,we reviewed the research on origin of Pinus and conservation strategy of genetic diversity,etc.     

Assessment of genetic diversity in broomcorn millet （Panicum miliaceum L.） using SSR markers

The genetic diversity of 118 accessions of broomcom millet （Panicum miliaceum L.）, collected from various ecological areas, was analyzed. Using 46 SSR （Simple Sequence Repeat） polymorphic markers from rice, wheat, oat and barley, a total of 226 alleles were found, which exhibited moderate level of diversity. The number of alleles per primer ranged from two to nine, with an average of 4.91. The range of polymorphism information content （PIC） was 0.2844）.980 （average, 0.793）. The expected heterozygosity （He） varied from 0.346 to 0.989, with an average of 0.834. The average coefficient of the genetic similarity of SSR markers among the 118 accessions was 0.609, and it ranged from 0.461 to 0.851. The UPGMA （Unweight Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean） clustering analysis at the genetic similarity value of 0.609 grouped the 118 accessions into five groups. Mantel test meant that geographical origin and genetic distance presented positive correlation. The clustering results were consistent with known information on ecological growing areas. The genetic similarity coefficient of the accessions in the Loess Plateau ecotype was significantly lower than those in the other ecotypes. It indicates that the highest level of genetic diversity occurred in the Loess Plateau, which is probably the original site of Panicum miliaceum.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.