罗氏沼虾源维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定、毒力基因检测及组织病理学观察

为鉴定江苏省高邮市某养殖场罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)发病死亡的病原体,研究从患病濒死的罗氏沼虾肝胰腺中分离出一株优势菌WSQ-1,对其进行纯化培养、革兰氏染色、生理生化特征鉴定、16S rRNA及gyrB基因序列分析,鉴定为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)。回归感染实验表明,分离株WSQ-1对罗氏沼虾有较强致病性,且出现与自然发病类似的症状:感染虾活力减弱,食欲下降,肌肉发白; 72h半致死浓度(LD50)为2.51×10⁶ CFU/mL。组织病理学观察可见其肝胰腺组织病理损伤,并随感染浓度的增加或感染持续时间的延长而逐渐加重:低浓度或感染前期结缔组织间隙增大并积聚少量炎性细胞;继而肝小管管腔变形,肝细胞空泡化,部分组织坏死;高浓度或感染后期肝小管及结缔组织大面积坏死导致不可逆损伤。毒力基因检测显示该菌携带Acsv、AexT、Act、Aer、GcaT、Acg和OmpAI共7个毒力基因,表明分离菌具有较强致病性。药敏试验显示,该分离菌对头孢哌酮等16种药物敏感,对克拉霉素等10种药物耐药,仅对卡那霉素表现为中度敏...     

罗氏沼虾苗肌肉白浊病病原的初步研究

收集罗氏沼虾肌肉白浊病典型病虾苗 ,进行细菌分离、除菌组织悬液制备及人工感染试验、超薄切片、病毒粗提取 ,结果表明 :从白浊病病虾的肌肉、肝胰腺中分离到的细菌以5× 1 0 8CFU/mL浓度浸泡感染正常沼虾苗不能复制疾病 ;病虾除菌组织过滤液以 1∶5 0、1∶2 5 0浓度浸泡感染正常虾苗 ,7d后可发病 ,并出现典型的肌肉白浊病症状 ,氯仿处理不能破坏病毒的感染力 ;病虾超薄切片电镜观察发现肌肉间隙组织中存在 2 1— 2 3nm大小的球状病毒 ,病虾组织浆经氯仿处理、PEG沉淀、磷钨酸负染后可见到大量 2 2— 2 4nm大小的球状病毒颗粒。上述结果表明罗氏沼虾肌肉白浊病是一种由病毒引起的疾病。     

利用乳清培养基生产乳品发酵剂的研究

通过测试保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌在乳清培养基中的生长能力,以期获得新型乳品发酵剂工业用培养基。试验结果表明:研制的pH值内控型乳清培养基缓冲能力强,增殖效果佳:嗜热链球菌经42℃培养3h后的活菌数达到0.29×109CFU/mL,培养6h后的活菌数达到0.42×109CFU/mL。在此基础上流加20%氨水恒定pH值,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌的活菌数达到了1.85×109CFU/mL和3.65×108CFU/mL,分别是不加缓冲液培养的7倍和3.5倍。     

两种沼虾溶菌酶基因ORF的克隆和罗氏沼虾溶菌酶基因的组织表达(英文)

分别提取罗氏沼虾和日本沼虾血细胞总RNA,RT-PCR扩增获得特异性cDNA片段,纯化后克隆到T载体上。序列测定表明所克隆的两种沼虾溶菌酶基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为477bp,共编码158个氨基酸,包括溶菌酶成熟肽140个氨基酸残基和信号肽18个氨基酸残基。同源性分析表明,罗氏沼虾和日本沼虾溶菌酶基因的碱基序列及推测氨基酸序列高度同源,分别为99.4%和98.1%。两种沼虾溶菌酶基因的碱基序列和推测氨基酸序列与Gen-Bank上其他对虾溶菌酶的同源性达83.0%和80.0%以上。两种沼虾溶菌酶都具有c-型溶菌酶典型的两个酶活性位点(Glu51)和(Asp68),以及8个保守结构氨基酸残基Cys,且在101、106和107位上缺少Asp,因而推测本实验所克隆的两种沼虾溶菌酶基因属c-型溶菌酶基因的非钙结合亚型。以PCR法制备罗氏沼虾溶菌酶基因的生物素标记探针,斑点杂交检测感染弧菌后溶菌酶基因mRNA在各组织中的转录水平,结果表明受感染6h后在眼、肌肉、鳃、肝胰腺、肠管中的表达量均有升高,其中在肝胰腺中的表达量最高,约为对照组的560%。在不同感染时间里,肝胰腺中该基因表达量有较大的变化:感染后3h表达量最低,24h后表达量升至最高,大约为对照组的430%,48h时的表达量又有所下降,但仍明显高于对照组(约为330%)。受弧菌感染后罗氏沼虾溶菌酶基因转录的上调证明溶菌酶基因在非特异性免疫中的直接作用,同时表明肝胰腺可能在沼虾的免疫防御过程起重要作用。       

雌雄罗氏沼虾应对低氧胁迫的行为生理响应

为查明雌雄罗氏沼虾应对低氧胁迫的行为生理响应,设置6.46(对照)、4.48和3.27 mg·L^-13种溶解氧水平,研究了雌、雄个体在胁迫6 d后肝胰脏和肌肉能量代谢酶活性及游泳和弹跳速度。结果表明: 溶解氧从6.46 mg·L^-1降至4.48 mg·L^-1,雌雄个体肌肉有氧代谢酶活性及游泳速度均显著下降,且雄性下降幅度小于雌性,厌氧代谢酶活性并无显著变化;溶解氧继续降至3.27 mg·L^-1,雌雄个体肌肉有氧代谢酶和厌氧代谢酶活性均显著下降,肝胰脏厌氧代谢酶中的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及弹跳速度显著下降,且雌性肝胰脏LDH活性下降幅度小于雄性。雌雄罗氏沼虾游泳速度与游泳足肌肉有氧代谢酶活性呈显著正相关,弹跳速度则与腹部肌肉厌氧代谢酶活性呈显著正相关。表明罗氏沼虾可以通过降低能量代谢水平应对低氧胁迫,但这种生理调节会导致运动能力下降,雄性优先将能量分配于肌肉以满足运动,雌性则优先保障肝胰脏能量供应。     

地衣芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾Toll和HSP70基因表达的影响

目的 分析地衣芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾Toll和HSP70基因表达的影响.方法 根据芽孢杆菌的使用量设置测试1组(LDG,用菌量2.0×103 CFU/mL),测试2组(HDG,用菌量1.0 × 104 CFU/mL)及未使用芽孢杆菌的对照组(CG),每7d施菌1次,实验持续24 d.每6d取样对虾肌肉和肝胰腺检测Toll基因和HSP70基因的mRNA相对表达量.结果 对虾肝胰腺Toll基因mRNA表达量在LDG组和HDG组分别较CG组提高了410.05％和78.31％,但在肌肉中CG组的表达量则分别较LDG组和HDG组提高了31.81％和8.43％.可见,芽孢杆菌在一定程度上可提高Toll基因mRNA在对虾肝胰腺的表达,但对其在肌肉中的表达则呈一定的限制作用.在肝胰腺HSP70基因的mRNA表达量,HDG组显著高于CG组和LDG组(P＜0.05),CG组和LDG组的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在肌肉中LDG组和HDG组的HSP70基因mRNA表达分别较CG组提高了26.07％和26.46％,但实验组的组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 在水体中施用芽孢杆菌104 CFU/mL和2.0×103 CFU/mL可分别提高对虾肝胰腺和肌肉HSP70基因的mRNA表达量.     

急性低氧/复氧胁迫对克氏原螯虾抗氧化-能量代谢的影响

为研究低氧/复氧胁迫对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)抗氧化及能量代谢的影响,将克氏原螯虾暴露于(1.0±0.1) mg/L急性低氧胁迫和后续(6.8±0.2) mg/L复氧环境中,于低氧胁迫1h、6h及复氧1h、12h分别采集肝胰腺、鳃和血淋巴,研究低氧/复氧胁迫下克氏原螯虾抗氧化-能量代谢酶的活力变化,分析鳃和肝胰腺组织的超微结构改变。在低氧胁迫下,肝胰腺和血淋巴中SOD酶活力显著下降(P<0.05);复氧以后,肝胰腺、血淋巴及鳃组织中SOD酶活力均出现了显著上升(P<0.05)。SOD酶活力变化可能与复氧过程中超氧阴离子自由基的过量产生有关。在复氧12h后,血淋巴和鳃组织中MDA含量均出现了显著性增加(P<0.01),提示机体细胞在复氧胁迫下产生了脂质过氧化。在低氧胁迫下,肝胰腺、鳃和血淋巴中ACP、AKP酶活力显著上升(P<0.05);在复氧12h后,肝胰腺和鳃组织中ACP酶活力显著降低(P<0.01)。显示低氧/复氧胁迫影响了机体的非特异性免疫应答。在急性低氧胁迫下,肝胰腺、血淋巴与鳃组织中的LDH含量和总ATPase活力均显...     

生长滞缓与正常罗氏沼虾转录组差异分析

旨在利用浙江地区生长正常和生长滞缓两种生长状态下的罗氏沼虾,通过转录组测序技术,比对基因表达量的差异,探究生长滞缓的原因.本研究采用IlluminaHiSeqTM4000测序平台,对存在生长差异的罗氏沼虾的鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉三种组织共18个样本进行了转录组测序分析,将得到的基因片段组装后与NR、GO、KEGG、eggNOG、Swiss-Prot共五大数据库比对注释,然后进行表达差异分析.其中从肝胰腺组织共得到至少35 942 944条Clean read,鳃组织共得到至少34 309 548条Clean read,肌肉组织得到至少34 695 288条Clean read,拼接得到243 414条.通过对三种组织生长正常和生长滞缓样本文库分别进行两两对比,本研究在肝胰腺中发现2 323个基因表达呈显著差异(P＜0.05),肌肉中1 505个基因表达呈显著差异(P＜0.05),鳃组织中1 896个基因表达呈显著差异(P＜0.05).三种组织中得到存在共同差异的基因27个,其中24个基因在三种组织中表达趋势一致,其中14个基因被成功注释,新发现10个未被注释的基因,可能与罗氏沼虾生长密切相关的基因.本研究为进一步探究罗氏沼虾生长缓慢原因提供了基础信息.     

环境、病原、免疫因子三要素与池塘养殖对虾AHPND发生的关联性

为研究虾急性肝胰腺坏死病(Acute Hepatopancreas Necrosis Disease,AHPND)的发生与环境、病原和虾体免疫间的相互关系,文章对池塘养殖凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)AHPND发生及其环境、病原、虾体免疫因子进行持续性跟踪监测。结果表明,试验点的气温、水温、溶解氧(DO)、pH、盐度、氨氮(NH₄-N)和亚硝态氮(NO₂-N)波动范围为21—29℃、24.8—31℃、1.4—8.32 mg/L、8—8.91、34—50、0.01—0.26 mg/L和0.005—0.212 mg/L;水体可培养细菌和弧菌数量变化范围为3×10³—2.4×10⁵和2×10²—1.8×104 CFU/mL,虾体肝胰腺内可培养细菌和弧菌数量变化范围为9.8×10⁴—8.8×10⁶和3.9×10³—3.61×10⁶ CFU/g;16S rDNA鉴定结果显示,在...     

植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03对TNBS诱导小鼠结肠炎的缓解作用

目的为阐明益生菌抗氧化与结肠炎的关系,对植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03缓解三硝基苯磺酸(trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid,TNBS)诱导的小鼠结肠炎进行探究。方法通过对BALB/c小鼠肛门注射TNBS,构建小鼠结肠炎模型;分别采用植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03的单菌悬液(10~9CFU/mL)及1:1混合菌悬液(10~9CFU/mL)进行8 d灌胃治疗。结果治疗组小鼠结肠组织炎性细胞浸润症状获得缓解,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)(t_1=3.247,P_10.05;t_2=3.397,P_20.05)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)(t_1=5.289,P10.001;t_2=3.563,P_20.05)和总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)(t_1=3.317,P_10.05;t_2=3.551,P_20.05)活性均有显著恢复。结论植物乳杆菌ZDY2013与两歧双歧杆菌WBIN03可通过增强机体抗氧化酶活性,起到缓解TNBS诱导的小鼠结肠炎的作用。     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒研究进展

传染性法氏囊病(Infection bursal disease, IBD)是由鸡传染性法氏囊病毒(Infectious bursal disease virus, IBDV)引起的鸡和火鸡的一种高度接触性传染病,给世界各国的禽养殖业带来了巨大损失.自IBDV发现至今新的变异株不断出现,分子结构的改变导致病毒致病力的改变及宿主对疫苗应答的改变,使得传统的疫苗已不能控制其流行,因此各国学者对其基因组结构和功能进行了广泛深入的研究,并积极研制新型有效的疫苗以达到防治的目的.     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.