抗大麦黄矮病的小偃麦易位系的创制与鉴定

抗大麦黄矮病的小偃麦易位系的创制与鉴定@辛志勇$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081@张增燕$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081@陈孝$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081@林志珊$中国农业科学院作物育种载培研究所!北京100081大麦;;小偃麦;;易位系     

中字系列小偃麦遗传材料的培育、遗传分析和利用

中字系列小偃麦遗传材料的培育、遗传分析和利用@孙善澄$山西农业科学院作物遗传研究所!太原030031@白建荣$山西农业科学院作物遗传研究所!太原030031小偃麦;;遗传分析     

过去50年中中国小麦品种在Glu-A1,Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点上等位基因的变化

过去50年中中国小麦品种在Glu-A1,Glu-B1和Glu-D1位点上等位基因的变化@张学勇$中国农业科学院品种资源研究所!北京100081,China@董玉琛$中国农业科学院品种资源研究所!北京100081,China小麦;;基因     

组织培养诱导外源染色体发生结构变异及其在小麦易位系创制中的利用

组织培养诱导外源染色体发生结构变异及其在小麦易位系创制中的利用@李洪杰$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@贾旭$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@楚成才$中国科学院植物研究所!北京100093小麦;;染色体;;结构变异;;易位系     

闭锁卵泡中肾素──血管紧张素系统的变化

闭锁卵泡中肾素──血管紧张素系统的变化@吴尔若$国家计划生育委员会科学技术研究所! 中国北京100081 @裴开颜$国家计划生育委员会科学技术研究所! 中国北京100081 @焦丽红$中国科学院动物研究所计划生育生殖生物学国家重点实验室! 中国北京100080 @王红$中国科学院动物研究所计划生育生殖生物学国家重点实验室! 中国北京100080     

小麦6B染色体的微切割与其区域特异性DNA文库的构建

小麦6B染色体的微切割与其区域特异性DNA文库的构建@周奕华$中国科学院遗传研究所!北京100101@王槐$中国科学院遗传研究所!北京100101@陈正华$中国科学院遗传研究所!北京100101小麦;;微切割;;染色体;;DNA     

大鼠睾丸减数分裂相关基因的研究

大鼠睾丸减数分裂相关基因的研究@刘德瑜$国家计划生育委员会科学技术研究所!　中国 北京100081 @吴燕婉$国家计划生育委员会科学技术研究所!　中国 北京100081     

用奶孕酮试验改善奶牛繁殖力

用奶孕酮试验改善奶牛繁殖力@蔡正华$中国农业科学院畜牧研究所! 中国北京100094 @刘云海$中国农业科学院畜牧研究所! 中国北京100094 @尚江华$中国农业科学院畜牧研究所! 中国北京100094     

小麦春化相关基因的分子克隆与功能分析

小麦春化相关基因的分子克隆与功能分析@种康$中国科学院植物研究所!北京100093@许智宏$中国科学院植物研究所!北京100093@谭克辉$中国科学院植物研究所!北京100093小麦;;基因;;分子克隆     

青春期大鼠实验性精索静脉曲张对附睾超微结构的影响

青春期大鼠实验性精索静脉曲张对附睾超微结构的影响@张秋养$西安交通大学医学院组胚教研室!　中国 西安710061 @邱曙东$西安交通大学医学院组胚教研室!　中国 西安710061 @马晓年$西安交通大学医学院组胚教研室!　中国 西安710061 @于和鸣$国家计划生育委员会科学技术研究所!　　中国 北京 100081 @吴燕婉$国家计划生育委员会科学技术研究所!　　中国 北京 100081     

携带抗黄矮病基因的中间偃麦草染色体2Ai_2特异的分子标记

The wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines Z1,Z2 contain a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes 2Ai-2 carrying the gene with resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) was used to analyze the chromosome constitution of Z1,Z2 by using genomic DNA probes from Th. intermedium and Pseudoroegneria strigosa. The results showed that the chromosome constitution of either Z1 or Z2 composes of 42 wheat chromosomes and two Th. intermedium chromosomes (2Ai-2). The 2Ai-2 chromosome is St-E intercalary translocation, in which the E genomic chromosome segment translocated into the middle region of the long arm of chromosome belonging to St genome. With the genomic DNA probe of Ps. strigosa, the GISH pattern specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome may be used as a molecular cytogenetic marker. A detailed RFLP analysis on Z1, Z2 and their parents was carried out by using 12 probes on the wheat group 2 chromosomes. Twenty RFLP markers specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome were identified. Two RAPD markers of OPR16 –350 and OPH09 -1580, specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome, were identified from 280 RAPD primers. These molecular markers could be used to assisted-select translocation lines with small segment of the 2Ai-2 chromosome and provide tools to localize the BYDV resistance.     

携带抗黄矮病基因的中间偃麦草染色体2Ai—2特异的分子标记

小麦－中间偃麦草二体异附加系Ｚ１、Ｚ２具有一对携带抗黄矮病基因的中间偃麦草染色体２Ａｉ－２。利用中间偃麦草（Ｔｈｉｎｏｐｙｒｕｍ ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｍ （Ｈｏｓｔ） Ｂａｋｗｏｔｈ ａｎｄ Ｄｅｗｅｙ）和拟鹅冠草（Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｒｏｅｇｎｅｉａ ｓｔｒｉｇｏｓａ）基因组ＤＮＡ作探针,对Ｚ１、Ｚ２进行基因组原位杂交分析。结果表明,Ｚ１、Ｚ２附加的一对中间偃麦草染色体２Ａｉ－２为Ｓｔ－Ｅ染色体,Ｅ组染     

Molecular characterization of a Thinopyrum intermedium group 2 chromosome (2Ai-2) conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus.

The wheat--Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines Z1 and Z2 carry 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and one pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes (2Ai-2) conferring resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). GISH results using the genomic DNA of Pseudoroegneria strigosa (S genome) as the probe indicated that the 2Ai-2 chromosome in Z1 and Z2 is an S-J intercalary translocation. Most of the 2Ai-2 chromosome belongs to the S genome, except for about one third in the middle region of the long arm that belongs to the J genome. The results of detailed RFLP analyses confirmed that the 2Ai-2 chromosome is extensively homoeologous to wheat group 2 chromosomes. Some new RFLP markers specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome were identified. A RAPD marker, OP-R16(340), specific to the 2Ai-2 chromosome, was screened. We converted the RAPD marker into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker (designated SC-R16). The study establishes the basis for selecting translocation lines with small segments of the 2Ai-2 chromosome and localizing the BYDV resistance gene when introgressed into a wheat background.     

Molecular cytogenetic discrimination and reaction to wheat streak mosaic virus and the wheat curl mite in Zhong series of wheat--Thinopyrum intermedium partial amphiploids.

Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 6x = 42, JJJsJsSS) is potentially a useful source of resistance to wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and its vector, the wheat curl mite (WCM). Five partial amphiploids, namely Zhong 1, Zhong 2, Zhong 3, Zhong 4, and Zhong 5, derived from Triticum aestivum x Thinopyrum intermedium crosses produced in China, were screened for WSMV and WCM resistance. Zhong 1 and Zhong 2 had high levels of resistance to WSMV and WCM. The other three partial amphiploids, Zhong 3, 4, and 5, were resistant to WSMV, but were susceptible to WCM. Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using a genomic DNA probe from Pseudoroegneria strigosa (SS, 2n = 14) demonstrated that two partial amphiploids, Zhong 1 and Zhong 2, have almost the identical 10 Th. intermedium chromosomes, including four Js, four J, and two S genome chromosomes. Both of them carry two pairs of J and a pair of Js genome chromosomes and two different translocations that were not observed in the other three Zhong lines. The partial amphiploids Zhong 3, 4, and 5 have another type of basic genomic composition, which is similar to a reconstituted alien genome consisting of four S and four Js genome chromosomes of Th. intermedium (Zhong 5 has two Js chromosomes plus two Js-W translocations) with six translocated chromosomes between S and Js or J genomes. All three lines carry a specific S-S-Js translocated chromosome, which might confer resistance to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV). The present study identified a specific Js2 chromosome present in all five of the Zhong lines, confirming that a Js chromosome carries WSMV resistance. Resistance to WCM may be linked with J or Js chromosomes. The discovery of high levels of resistance to both WSMV and WCM in Zhong 1 and Zhong 2 offers a useful source of resistance to both the virus and its vector for wheat breeding programs.     

中间偃麦草染色体2Ai-2特异PCR新标记的建立和St基因组特异序列的克隆

中间偃麦草麦、小麦和小麦－中间偃麦草2Ai－2附加系Z1、Z2、X6,代换系ZD28等进行RAPD分析,从320个RAPD引物中,鉴定出2Ai－2染色体特异的2个RAPD标记OPO05650和OPMO414000。利用这2个特异OPO05和OPM04,PCR扩增普通小麦CS（ABD）及其近缘植物中间偃麦草（E1E2St）、拟鹅冠草（St）,长穗偃麦草（E）、簇毛麦（V）、黑麦（R）、大麦（H）粗山羊草（D）等基因组DNA。结果表明,OPO05650和OPO41400均是2Ai－2染色体上St基因组区域的特异标记。将上棕2个特异片段分离回收、克隆、测序,根据测序结果重新设计、合成特异引物,成功地转换RAPD标记为SCAR（sequence characterizked amplifed region）标记SC－05和SC－M4。利用SCAR标记对不同材料进行分析的结果表明,凡含有2Ai－2染色体的抗黄矮病材料及拟鹅冠草均产生一条扩增带,不含2Ai－2染色体的材料,包括小麦、长穗麦草、簇毛麦、黑麦、在麦、粗山羊草以有含有其他他中间偃麦草染色休的附加系,均没有扩增产物,说明上棕2个SCAR标记是中间偃麦草2Ai－2染色体的特异性PCR标记,且是2Ai－2染色体上St基因组区域的特异性标记。克隆与鉴定中间偃麦草的2个SCAR扩增片段TiSCO5和TiSCM4。结果表明,克隆的中间偃麦草TiSCO5和TiSCM4特异片段,分别是St基因组特异性的寡拷贝序列有多拷贝重复序列,为St基因组遗传研究的新探针。     

Characterization of six wheat x Thinopyrum intermedium derivatives by GISH, RFLP, and multicolor GISH.

Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and multicolor genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) are useful tools to precisely characterize genetic stocks derived from crosses of wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Thinopyrum intermedium and Thinopyrum elongatum. The wheat x Th. intermedium derived stocks designated Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, and Z6 were initially screened by multicolor GISH using Aegilops speltoides genomic DNA for blocking and various combinations of genomic DNA from Th. intermedium, Triticum urartu, and Aegilops tauschii for probes. The probing (GISH) results indicated that lines Z1 and Z3 were alien disomic addition lines with chromosome numbers of 2n = 44. Z2 was a substitution line in which chromosome 2D was substituted by a pair of Th. intermedium chromosomes; this was confirmed by RFLP and muticolour GISH. Z4 (2n = 44) contained two pairs of wheat--Th. intermedium translocated chromosomes; one pair involved A-genome chromosomes, the other involved D- and A- genome chromosomes. Z5 (2n = 44) contained one pair of wheat--Th. intermedium translocated chromosomes involving the D- and A-genome chromosomes of wheat. Z6 (2n = 44) contained one pair of chromosomes derived from Th. intermedium plus another pair of translocated chromosomes involving B-genome chromosomes of wheat Line Z2 was of special interest because it has some resistance to infection by Fusarium graminearum.     

Disomic Thinopyrum intermedium addition lines in wheat with barley yellow dwarf virus resistance and with rust resistances.

Zhong 5 is a partial amphiploid (2n = 56) between Triticum aestivum (2n = 42) and Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42) carrying all the chromosomes of wheat and seven pairs of chromosomes from Th. intermedium. Following further backcrossing to wheat, six independent stable 2n = 44 lines were obtained representing 4 disomic chromosome addition lines. One chromosome confers barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, whereas two other chromosomes carry leaf and stem rust resistance; one of the latter also confers stripe rust resistance. Using RFLP and isozyme markers we have shown that the extra chromosome in the Zhong 5-derived BYDV resistant disomic addition lines (Z1, Z2, or Z6) belongs to the homoeologous group 2. It therefore carries a different locus to the BYDV resistant group 7 addition, L1, described previously. The leaf, stem, and stripe rust resistant line (Z4) carries an added group 7 chromosome. The line Z3 has neither BYDV nor rust resistance, is not a group 2 or group 7 addition, and is probably a group 1 addition. The line Z5 is leaf and stem rust resistant, is not stripe rust resistant, and its homoeology remains unknown.     

抗黄矮病小麦新品系YW443的分子细胞遗传学鉴定

以小麦－中间偃麦草二体附加系Ｌ１衍生抗病系ＰＰ９－１为抗源,与小麦推广品种陕７８５９．丰抗８号杂交并自交,在Ｆ６代中选到农艺性状优良的高抗黄矮病小麦新品系ＹＷ４４３。对ＹＷ４４３及其亲本进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明：ＹＷ４４３高抗大麦黄矮病毒ＧＰＶ、ＧＡＶ株系。利用基因组原位杂交,ＲＦＬＰ分析和ＲＡＰＤ分析,研究诉遗传构成及其抗病基因染色体归属。结果表明：ＹＷ４４３（２ｎ＝４３）的遗传构成了４０条（２     

Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) analyses of Thinopyrum intermedium, its partial amphiploid Zhong 5, and disease-resistant derivatives in wheat

Genomic in situhybridization (GISH) to root-tip cells at mitotic metaphase, using genomic DNA probes from Thinopyrum intermedium and Pseudoroegneria strigosa, was used to examine the genomic constitution of Th. intermedium, the 56-chromosome partial amphiploid to wheat called Zhong 5 and disease-resistant derivatives of Zhong 5, in a wheat background. Evidence from GISH indicated that Th. intermedium contained seven pairs of St, seven J^S and 21 J chromosomes; three pairs of Th. intermedium chromosomes with satellites in their short arms belonging to the St, J, J genomes and homoeologous groups 1, 1, and 5 respectively. GISH results using different materials and different probes showed that seven pairs of added Th. intermedium chromosomes in Zhong 5 included three pairs of St chromosomes, two pairs of J^S chromosomes and two pairs of St-J^S reciprocal tanslocation chromosomes. A pair of chromosomes, which substituted a pair of wheat chromosomes in Yi 4212 and in HG 295 and was added to 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes in the disomic additions Z1, Z2 and Z6, conferred BYDV-resistance and was identical to a pair of St-J^S tanslocation chromosomes (StJ^S) in Zhong 5. The StJ^S chromosome had a special GISH signal pattern and could be easily distinguished from other added chromosomes in Zhong 5; it has not yet been possible to locate the BYDV-resistant gene(s) of this translocated chromosome either in the St chromosome portion belonging to homoeologous group 2 or in the J^S chromosome portion whose homoeologous group relationship is still uncertain. Among 22 chromosome pairs in disomic addition line Z3, the added chromosome pair had satellites and belonged to the St genome and homoeologous group 1. Disomic addition line Z4 carried a pair of added chromosomes which was composed of a group-7 J^S chromosome translocated with a wheat chromosome; this chromosome was different to 7 Ai-1, but was identical to 7 Ai-2. The leaf rust and stem rust resistance genes were located in the distal region of the long arm, whereas the stripe rust resistance gene(s) was located in the short arm or in the proximal region of the long arm of 7 Ai-2. A pair of J^S-wheat translocation chromosomes, which originated from the WJ^S chromosomes in Z4, was added to the disomic addition line Z5; the added chromosomes of Z5 carried leaf and stem rust resistance but not stripe rust resistance; Z5 is a potentially useful source for rust resistance genes in wheat breeding and for cloning these novel rust-resistant genes. GISH analysis using the St genome as a probe has proved advantageous in identifying alien Th. intermedium in wheat. Received: 17 May 1999 / Accepted: 22 June 1999     

巨穗小麦种质中外源遗传物质的细胞遗传学和分子生物学鉴定

利用C分带、基因组原位杂交并结合分子生物学手段,对12份巨穗小麦种质材料中的外源遗传物质进行了检测。结果表明,12份材料染色体数均为42,其中5份材料均具有一对小麦-黑麦(Triticum aestivum-Secale cereal)1BL／1RS易位染色体和一对中间偃麦草(Agropyron intermedium Garten)染色体、3份材料只具有一对中间偃麦草染色体、3份材料只具一对1BL／1RS染色体、1份材料无1BL／1RS和中间偃麦草染色体。进一步细胞学分析表明,此中间偃麦草染色体代换了普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)中的2D染色体,因其良好的同源补偿性,表示为2Ai。同时对2Ai在巨穗小麦种质中存在的遗传学意义及小麦遗传改良中的应用进行了讨论。