ISSR引物鉴定芍药栽培品种之间亲缘关系的初步研究

以芍药栽培品种‘莲台’、‘妒花魁’、‘紫霞映雪’,‘粉玉奴’、‘紫金龙’、‘合欢娇’、‘蓝田碧玉’、‘鱼鳞红’、‘红莲’等为试材,用10个来源于水稻的ISSR标记对其进行亲缘关系鉴定的初步结果表明：‘蓝田碧玉’与其余7个品种之问的亲缘关系较远。5个引物扩增出的DNA片段在250-1000bp之间,扩增DNA谱带总数为21,引物ISSR7和ISSR8扩增出的条带数最多。     

福建省放线菌结瘤植物共生菌Frankia遗传多样性研究

[目的]了解福建省放线菌结瘤植物共生固氮菌Frankia的遗传多样性.[方法]利用16S-23SrDNA间隔区(rrn)和nifD-K基因间隔区的PCR扩增和RFLP技术,分析了福建省木麻黄、杨梅、桤木、胡颓子等共生Frankia纯培养菌株的遗传差异.[结果]17个菌株获得rrn扩增片段,2个杨梅菌株和1个胡颓子菌株扩增未成功,酶切图谱经聚类分析表明6个地点的细枝木麻黄、短枝木麻黄、粗枝木麻黄12个共生Frankia菌株同源性高,属于一个类群,2个地点的4个杨梅菌株和1个四川桤木菌株亲缘关系近,为另一类群.25个Frankia菌株的,nifD-K基因间隔区PCR-RFLP分析结果显示,7个地点的3种木麻黄14个菌株聚类为一个类群,4个地点的7个杨梅菌株、2个地点的2个四川桤木菌株以及1个台湾桤木菌株聚类为另一个类群,胡颓子菌株则为独立的类群.[结论]研究结果表明福建省共生Frankia遗传多样性丰富.     

利用RAPD分子标记对番茄杂交种纯度的鉴定研究

应用RAPD(RandomlyamplifiedpolymorphicDNA)分子标记对番茄京丹1号和毛粉802的F1代杂交种纯度进行鉴定的实验研究。该项研究使用了10个碱基的单随机引物和10个碱基的双随机引物进行扩增。在60个单引物扩增反应中获得7个京丹1号父本特有的核酸标记片段。但在14个双随机引物对京丹1号和毛粉802杂交组合的扩增反应中获得了7个京丹1号F1代杂交种特有的核酸标记片段和5个毛粉802父本特有的标记带。实验结果显示,双引物的扩增反应对鉴定双亲亲缘关系极近的杂交种纯度较单引物扩增反应更有效。其中,京丹1号的14个标记片段在北京蔬菜研究中心,种子纯度检测室又进行了重复扩增实验。实验结果为87%的RAPD标记可以在使用不同的PCR仪和不同来源的Taq酶的实验条件下得到。RAPD分子标记技术对鉴定双亲亲缘关系极近的杂交种纯度是真实可靠的。     

用AFLP分析广东省鲜食橄榄品种资源遗传多样性

从64对引物组合中筛选出6对谱带清晰、多态性高的引物组合,对63个橄榄品种扩增,共扩增出417条多态性电泳谱带,多态性比率达100%,揭示了橄榄品种的遗传多样性。利用UPGMA对供试橄榄品种聚类,建立AFLP聚类图。结果表明:63份材料之间的遗传相似性系数为0.0606~0.7619,相似系数为0.312时,可将供试材料分为7个品种群,其中第1群包括45个品种,以‘潮阳甜榄’为代表,还可细分成3个组;第2群包括5个品种,以‘大纳甜’为代表;第3群包括4个品种,以‘潮阳三棱’为代表;第4群包括‘土甜’、‘文祠三棱’和‘早花三棱’3个品种;第5群包括‘铁条’和‘细粒’两个品种;第6群包括‘广太甜种’、‘西土’、‘鸡心’和‘车酸1号’4个品种;第7群只有‘凤湖橄榄’1个品种,与其他品种群亲缘关系较远,可能发生变异。     

低温胁迫后抗寒茶树品种‘紫阳圆叶’的基因差异表达分析

采用DDRT—PCR技术,对低温（4℃）胁迫处理不同时间（0、8、12、24和48h）后茶树[Camellia sinensis（Linn．）O．Ktze．]抗寒品种‘紫阳圆叶’（‘Ziyangyuanye’）叶片中差异表达的基因进行分离和测序,并采用半定量RT-PCR对差异表达基因的表达特性进行了比较。结果表明：有12个引物对扩增出有明显差异的cDNA片段,其中3个片段是与抗寒性相关的差异片段,分别被命名为Csgsf．Cscafl和Cscaf2,碱基数分别为217、316和232bp。比对结果显示：Cscaf与茶树品种‘安吉白茶’（‘Anjibaicha’）和‘龙井43’（‘Longjing43’）的谷氨酰胺合成酶基因的同源性分别为96％和91％,与菜豆（Phaseolus vulgaris Linn．）、蒺藜苜蓿（Medicago truncatula Gaertn．）、油棕（ElaeisguineensisJacq．）、西洋参（Panax quinquefolius Linn．）和水稻（Oryza sativa Linn．）等植物的谷氨酰胺合成酶的基因序列同源性均达到90％以上,因此,Cscafl应为茶树谷氨酰胺合成酶基因片段;Cscaf2与干旱胁迫条件下茶树表达的cDNA的同源性为100％,为茶树应答干旱和低温胁迫的基因片段;Cscafl未检索出同源序列,推测其为与冷胁迫相关的未知基因片段。半定量RT—PCR分析结果表明：Cscafl和Cscafl在低温胁迫的初始期即开始表达且表达量随低温胁迫时间延长逐渐下调;而Cscaf2的表达量随低温胁迫时间延长逐渐上调并在胁迫48h后达到最大,3个片段的表达特性均与差异扩增结果相符。     

杨梅果实发育进程中的碳水化合物代谢

以‘乌紫’和‘荸荠’两个杨梅品种为试材,测定了干鲜重、糖含量、可滴定酸含量、蔗糖和己糖代谢相关酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,杨梅果实的干鲜重、含糖量的快速增长和可滴定酸含量的快速下降均发生在果实发育后期。成熟‘乌紫’杨梅果实的蔗糖含量约占总糖的2／3以上,而‘荸荠’杨梅仅为总糖的49％。‘荸荠’杨梅的转化酶和蔗糖合酶分解活性随着果实发育呈上升趋势,‘乌紫’杨梅的则变化不大。两个品种的蔗糖磷酸合酶活性随着果实发育呈上升趋势,但蔗糖合酶合成活性到果实发育中期后下降。两个品种的己糖激酶活性变化相似,但果糖激酶活性的变化趋势不同。     

基于SSR分子标记的茶树新品种‘戚家美铭’的亲缘关系分析

目的：探明茶树新品种‘戚家美铭’的亲缘关系。方法：以‘戚家美铭’和同其栽种于同一茶园的两个茶树品种‘鸠坑’和‘乌牛早’，以及叶片形状类似的近似品种‘嘉茗一号’作为研究对象，利用21对SSR引物对其进行聚类分析。结果：21对引物共扩增出102个条带，每个SSR位点的观测等位基因数为2～7个，平均值为4.857 1，多态性达到100%,Shannon多态性信息指数范围在1.906 2～0.693 1，平均值为1.449 5，‘戚家美铭’与‘鸠坑’的遗传距离为1.343 7、遗传相似系数为0.260 9。结论：确定‘戚家美铭’是‘鸠坑’的自然杂交后代。     

茶菊品种‘14-C-1’的CmF3H基因及启动子克隆与表达分析

该研究以自育茶菊品种‘14-C-1’为材料,克隆了一个黄烷酮3-羟化酶(F3H)基因,命名为CmF3H。生物信息学分析表明,‘14-C-1’CmF3H的cDNA序列(GenBank登录号MW454869)全长为1284 bp,开放阅读框为1095 bp,编码364个氨基酸,编码蛋白的理论分子量为41.19kD,等电点为5.57,不稳定系数为39.51,平均亲水性-0.465,脂肪系数为83.02。氨基酸序列分析表明,‘14-C-1’CmF3H蛋白属于2-酮戊二酸依赖双加氧酶(2-ODD)蛋白家族,具有2-酮戊二酸双加氧酶结构域。系统发育分析结果显示,‘14-C-1’与菊花栽培种‘SU07’处于同一进化节点上,二者亲缘关系最近。采用染色体步移方法克隆了‘14-C-1’CmF3H启动子序列(GenBank登录号MW463894),全长1217 bp,启动序列分析发现其含有光响应元件、干旱和ABA响应元件、MYB识别和结合位点和组织器官发育元件等。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,CmF3H在‘14-C-1’的根、茎、叶、花蕾、舌状花和筒状花等不同组织部位均有表达,在筒状花中表达量最高,其次为茎、叶、花蕾、舌状花,根中表达量最低。该研究结果为进一步揭示菊花黄酮类化合物的生物合成机制奠定了基础。     

牡丹CTR1基因家族基因片段及其cDNA 3′-末端的克隆与序列分析

以牡丹品种‘洛阳红’(Paeonia suffruticosa‘Luo Yang Hong’)花瓣为材料,用CTAB法提取总RNA,根据已报道的CTR1(Constitutive Triple Response 1)蛋白的保守氨基酸序列设计简并引物,通过RT-PCR扩增得到3条牡丹CTR1基因同源片段。利用其已知中间序列,通过3′快速扩增cDNA末端技术(3′RACE)及序列拼接,最终得到了这3个基因片段除5′末端外的全部cDNA序列,分别命名为PsCTR1、PsCTR2和PsCTR3。分析结果表明,由PsCTR1、PsCTR2和PsCTR3基因翻译的氨基酸片段与拟南芥和番茄的CTR1蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性均较高,分别为88%和85%;61%和61%以及70%和69%。     

中国紫花苜蓿地方品种随机扩增多态DNA的研究

运用ＲＡＰＤ技术,对１１个样本紫花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏ ｓａｔｉｖａ）的遗传多样性进行了研究。计算了１１个样本之间的遗传相似度和遗传距离,并进行了聚类分析,探讨了它们之间的亲缘关系。结果如下：１．用４３个随机引物对紫花苜蓿的１１个样本的核ＤＮＡ进行了ＲＡＰＤ扩增,共检出４４０条扩增片段,多态性片段３３１条,占７０．６８％。反映了１１个样本之间的遗传变异;２．４３个随机引物对１１个样本扩增出２～１     

ISSR鉴定亲缘关系非常近的芒果栽培品种

用ISSR技术鉴定7个吕宋芒品种(系)和柳州吕宋芒。从30个引物中筛选出6个多态性好的ISSR引物建立DNA指纹图谱用于区分吕宋芒品种(系)。分析DNA指纹图谱,发现这6个引物中每个引物都能区分吕宋系列品种(系),表明ISSR-PCR技术对芒果品种(系)的鉴定非常有效,能区分亲缘关系很近的品种(系)。基于69条多态性条带的聚类分析结果,发现吕宋芒和其它供试的7个品种(系)同源性低,而这7个品种(系):高州吕宋芒、湛江吕宋芒、田阳香芒、金钱芒、柳州吕宋芒、粤西一号、攀西红吕宋同源性较高,可归为一类。     

Genetic variation and cultivar identification in Cymbidium ensifolium

As a popular flowering species with many cultivars, Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) is commercially important in horticulture. However, so far little has been known about genetic diversity and conservation genetics of this species. Understanding of the genetic variation and relationships in cultivars of C.?ensifolium is a prerequisite for development of future germplasm conservation and cultivar improvement. Here we report assessment of genetic variations in C.?ensifolium cultivars using the DNA fingerprinting technique of inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR). A total of 239 ISSR loci were identified and used for evaluation of genetic variation with a selection of 19 ISSR primers. Among these ISSR loci, 99.16% were polymorphic with wide genetic variation as shown by Nei??s gene diversity (H?=?0.2431) among 85 tested cultivars. ISSR fingerprinting profiles showed that each cultivar had its characteristic DNA pattern, indicating unequivocal cultivar identification at molecular level. Eighteen cultivar-specific ISSR markers were identified in seven cultivars. The cultivar Sijiwenhan was confirmed as hybrid by four ISSR primers. Several cultivars with same name but different geographical origins were distinguished based on their ISSR profiles. A dendrogram generated with ISSR markers could group 73 of 85 cultivars into four major clusters. Further analysis of ISSR variation revealed that about 69% of total genetic variation in this species is due to genetic divergence inside geographical groups. Our results suggest that both germplasm collection and in?situ conservation are important for future planning of C.?ensifolium species conservation.     

苏州东山茶树种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记对苏州洞庭地区的51份茶树(Camellia sinensis)种质资源进行遗传关系研究。结果表明,从12条引物中筛选出6条引物,共扩增出76个位点,其中多态性位点70个,占92.11%。51份茶树种质资源遗传相似性(GS)变化范围0.37～0.89;其中白沙和东灵1号GS值最大、遗传相似程度最高、遗传距离最近。通过类平均聚类(UPGMA)法,可将51份材料分为2个大类,每一大类又分为4个亚组,相同亚组下的亲缘关系较近。其中,部分来自同一品种的不同品系具有较高的遗传相似性系数。ISSR标记可有效评价苏州茶树种质的遗传多样性,为更有效地保护和利用茶树种质资源和茶树优良品种的选育提供遗传信息。     

利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记分析怀地黄种质遗传多样性

用RAPD与ISSR技术对怀地黄的8个品种和2个脱毒品系进行了种质遗传多样性分析。分别从80条RAPD引物和44条ISSR引物中筛选出适合怀地黄种质分析的17条RAPD引物和10条ISSR引物,用于RAPD和ISSR分析。17条RAPD引物共扩增出177条带, 多态性位点数为109; 多态性位点比率为61.58%;平均多样性指数(I)为0.3135;每个位点的有效等位基因数（Ne）是1.3641; 10条ISSR引物共扩增出110条带. 多态性位点数为79; 多态性位点比率为71.58%;平均多样性指数(I)为0.3577;每个位点的有效等位基因数（Ne）是1.4037。 基于扩增条带数据库建立了各自的Jaccard遗传相关系数矩阵,构建了相似的分子树状图,将10个供试材料分为2类:一类群含组培85.5、大田85.5、组培9302、大田9302、金状元和金白6个材料;另一类群含北京1号、大红袍、地黄9104和野生地黄4个材料。两种分子标记的分析结果呈极显著正相关(r＝0.649)。结果表明,RAPD与ISSR标记适合于怀地黄种质遗传多样性分析,ISSR标记技术是一种多态性和重复性优于RAPD技术的实用技术。     

Genetic stability of three economically important micropropagated banana (Musa spp.) cultivars of lower Indo-Gangetic plains, as assessed by RAPD and ISSR markers

An efficient micropropagation protocol produced large number of plants of the three elite banana (Musa spp.) cultivars Robusta (AAA), Giant Governor (AAA) and Martaman (AAB) from shoot tip meristem. The genetic relationships and fidelity among the cultivars and micropropagated plants as assessed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers, revealed three somaclonal variants from Robusta and three from Giant Governor. A total of 5330 RAPD and 2741 ISSR fragments were generated with 21 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers in micropropagated plants. The percentage of polymorphic loci by RAPD and ISSR were found to be 1.75, 5.08 in Robusta and 0.83, 5.0 in Giant Governor respectively. Among the two marker systems used, ISSR fingerprinting detected more polymorphism than RAPD in Robusta and Giant Governor with most of the primers showing similar fingerprinting profile, whereas Martaman revealed complete genetic stability.     

Molecular diversity and relationships among <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cymbidium goeringii</Emphasis> cultivars based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) is a popular flowering plant species. There have been few molecular studies of the genetic diversity and conservation genetics on this species. An assessment of the level of genetic diversity in cultivated spring orchid would facilitate development of the future germplasm conservation for cultivar improvement. In the present study, DNA markers of intersimple sequence repeats (ISSR) were identified and the ISSR fingerprinting technique was used to evaluate genetic diversity in C. goeringii cultivars. Twenty-five ISSR primers were selected to produce a total of 224 ISSR loci for evaluation of the genetic diversity. A wide genetic variation was found in the 50 tested cultivars with Nei’s gene diversity (H = 0.2241) and 93.75% of polymorphic loci. Fifty cultivars were unequivocally distinguished based on ISSR fingerprinting. Cultivar-specific ISSR markers were identified in seven of 50 tested cultivars. Unweighted pair-group mean analysis (UPGMA) and principal coordinates analysis (PCA) grouped them into two clusters: one composed the cultivars mainly from Japan, and the other contained three major subclusters mainly from China. Two Chinese subclusters were generally consistent with horticultural classification, and the third Chinese subcluster contained cultivars from various horticultural groups. Our results suggest that the ISSR technique provides a powerful tool for cultivar identification and establishment of genetic relationships of cultivars in C. goeringii.     

基于ISSR分子标记的叶子花亲缘关系分析和指纹图谱构建

为分析品种遗传多样性和遗传距离并构建品种聚类图和指纹图谱,该研究从DNA模板浓度、引物浓度、退火温度和循环次数等方面优化了叶子花ISSR-PCR反应体系和反应程序,利用11个ISSR引物对131个叶子花品种进行PCR扩增,扩增产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。结果表明:优化的ISSR-PCR反应体系中DNA模板浓度为0.5 ng·μL^-1,引物浓度为0.5μmol·L^-1,引物UBC813、UBC814、UBC815、UBC823、UBC824、UBC835、UBC840、UBC841、UBC843、UBC844和UBC876的最佳退火温度分别为52.3、55.9、54.3、54.3、53.6、56.2、56.2、51.9、54.4、54、50℃,循环次数为32。用11个ISSR引物对131个叶子花品种扩增出161条带,其中多态性条带156条,多态性比率为96.89%。单个引物的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon’s信息指数分别为1.86~2.00、1.33~1.68、0.21~0.39和0.34~0.57,平均值分别为1.969、1.478、0.294和0.447。引物UBC841的鉴别率最高(80.92%),可有效鉴别106个品种,与引物UBC876结合可将131个叶子花品种完全鉴别开,建立了各品种的指纹图谱。叶子花品种的遗传距离范围为0.00~0.60,平均值为0.365,遗传多样性较低,在遗传距离0.58处,131个品种分为6大类群,聚类分析显示同一个种的品种大多聚在一类,但同一个种仍有品种未聚在一类或亚类、也有多个种的品种聚在一类。该研究较为准确地揭示了叶子花种质资源的遗传多样性,建立的指纹图谱为叶子花品种登记、知识产权保护以及品种鉴定提供了可靠技术和有效手段。     

14个蝴蝶兰品种遗传关系的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记技术对14个蝴蝶兰品种进行品种间遗传关系的研究。利用14个筛选的引物共扩增出179条带,其中多态性条带147条,多态性条带比率(PPB)为82%。品种之间的遗传相似系数范围在0.734~0.936间,说明部分蝴蝶兰品种间存在显著的遗传分化。14个引物组合可区分所有14个品种,并且检测到20条品种特异性条带,这些品种特异条带可用来鉴定供试蝴蝶兰中的10个品种。因此,ISSR分子标记能有效地进行蝴蝶兰品种鉴定。UPGMA聚类分析表明,14个品种可聚为2类,聚类情况与花色特征比较一致,但与花色的划分结果不完全相同,这可能是由于品种间杂交引起的。本文也论讨了ISSR分析结果对蝴蝶兰育种的指导意义。     

Comparison of RAPD and ISSR markers for genetic diversity analysis among different endangered Mangifera indica genotypes of Indian Gir forest region

The genetic variability and relationships among 20 Mangifera indica genotypes representing 15 endangered and 5 cultivars, obtained from Indian Gir forest region, were analyzed using 10 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and 21 inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. RAPD markers were more efficient than the ISSR assay with regards to polymorphism detection. Also, the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer, average polymorphic information content (PIC) and primer index (PI) values were more for RAPD than for ISSR. But, total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity (h), Shannon’s information index (I), total heterozygosity (Ht), average heterozygosity (Hs) and mean coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst) were more for ISSR as compared to RAPD markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indexes showed low regression between RAPD and ISSR based similarities but maximum for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR based similarities. The pattern of clustering of genotypes within groups was not similar when RAPD and ISSR derived dendrogram were compared. Thus, both the markers were equally important for genetic diversity analysis in M. indica.     

26个川茶花品种亲缘关系的ISSR分析

采用ISSR分子标记,对重庆南山植物园中26个品种的川茶花古树进行了ISSR遗传多样性分析。选用14条扩增带型清晰且重复性好的引物共获得166条谱带,其中140条呈多态性,多态性比例(PPB)为84.34％。根据Nei-Li遗传相似性系数在0.708处,UPGMA结果将26个品种分为5个类群,在0.726处可进一步分为10个亚类群;26个川茶花品种的遗传相似性系数介于0.615和0.913之间,平均值为0.704,表明品种间亲缘关系较近。其中牡丹茶与花牡丹之间遗传相似性系数最大,为0.913,表明牡丹茶可能为花牡丹的芽变品种。川渝地区山茶古树资源丰富,但在古树的保护上也面临诸多问题,建议采取相应的措施加以保护。