乙型肝炎病毒外膜大蛋白和HBVDNA血清学诊断价值

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒外膜大蛋白和HBV-DNA在乙肝患者中的血清学诊断价值。方法收集乙肝两对半(HBV-M)中HBsAg阳性血清标本260例作为乙肝研究组,乙肝两对半(HBV-M)阴性血清标本100例作为正常对照组;在不同乙肝模式中采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清HBV-LP和Pre-S1,荧光定量PCR检测HBV DNA;比较HBeAg血清中HBV-LP与HBV-DNA和不同HBV-DNA拷贝数的条件下HBV-LP与HBV-DNA剂量关系。结果HBsAg阳性血清中HBV-LP、HBV-DNA和Pre-S1阳性率分别为68.46%、63.08%和24.23%;HBeAg阳性标本中HBV-LP、HBV-DNA和Pre-S1阳性率分别为94.87%、94.87%和79.49%;HBeAg阴性标本中HBV-LP、HBV-DNA和Pre-S1阳性率分别为62.64%、49.45%和0.55%,HBV-LP和HBV-DNA二者检出一致率为67.03%[(50+72)/182];HBV-LP吸光度(A值)与HBV DNA呈正相关。结论HBV-LP与HBV-DNA在HBeAg阳性血清中代表病毒复制具有较高检出一致率;HBV-LP与HBV-DNA在HBeAg阴性血清中具有较大的差异性,HBV-DNA阴性血清中检测HBV-LP反应乙肝病毒复制对乙肝抗病毒治疗更有重要意义;HBV DNA拷贝数与HBV-LP含量呈正相关系。     

HBV Pre-S1与DNA及其他血清学标志物的相关性研究

目的研究乙型肝炎病毒血清前S1抗原、HBV-DNA与其他乙型肝炎血清标志物HBs-Ag、HBeAg的相关性。方法采用实时聚合酶链反应(Real-Time PCR)技术检测血清中HBV-DNA的含量,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测PreS1Ag、HBsAg和HBeAg。采用SPSS 13.0统计软件进行分析,成组设计资料,率比较采用配对的χ2检验,结果的关联性采用独立性的χ2检验。结果以HBV-DNA1.000E+03Copy/ml为阴性组;HBV-DNA≥1.000E+03Copy/ml为阳性组。600例HBsAg阳性的乙型肝炎患者中241例HBV-DNA阳性,283例Pre-S1阳性。其中241例HBV-DNA阳性患者中,Pre-S1阳性222例,阳性率为92.12%。显著高于HBV-DNA阴性组的Pre-S1阳性率(16.99%)。经配对的差异性检验P=0.000(确切概率)。经独立性检验,χ2=326.573,P=0.000。241例HBsAg、HBV-DNA阳性组,HBeAg阳性191例,Pre-S1阳性222例,其中191例HBeAg阳性患者中,Pre-S1Ag阳性185例,阳性率为96.86%。显著高于HBeAg阴性组的Pre-S1Ag阳性率(61.67%)。经配对的差异性检验P=0.000(确切概率)。经独立性检验,χ2=28.511,P=0.000。结论 Pre-S1Ag与HBV-DNA阳性高度相关,有好的一致性和互补性,较HBeAg更敏感。可作为乙肝病毒存在和复制的可靠标志,是反映HBV是否具有传染性的观察指标。     

乙肝病毒载量与血清标志物及ALT相关性研究

探讨了乙型肝炎病毒核酸(HBV-DNA)水平与乙型肝炎免疫标志物(HBVM)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的关系。分别采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR),酶联免疫法和连续监测法检测了345例血清标本HBV-DNA含量,HBVM(HBsAg、HBsAb、HBeAg、HBeAb、抗HBcIgM)表达及ALT水平。HBsAg、HBeAg(和抗HBcIgM)阳性患者HBV DNA阳性率要明显高于HBsAg、HBeAb(和抗HBcIgM)阳性患者、仅HBsAg阳性患者及HBsAb、HBeAb阳性患者(P<0.01)。血清HBeAg阳性标本HBV-DNA阳性率为98.7%,明显高于HBeAg阴性标本的61.6%(P<0.01),并且血清HBeAg阳性标本HBV-DNA含量(log值,7.42±1.43)也明显高于HBeAg阴性标本(4.36±1.73)(P<0.01);在HBV-DNA含量小于107copy/mL的标本中,ALT与HBV-DNA含量呈正相关(P<0.01)。血清中HBV DNA含量与乙型肝炎免疫标志物以及肝细胞损伤三者之间存在密切的关系,在临床工作中应对血清HBVM、ALT和HBV-DNA含量联合检测,这样才能更准确地判断患者病情、预后及指导抗病毒药物的应用。     

前S1蛋白作为慢性乙型肝炎患者病毒复制标志物的价值

目的 探讨乙型肝炎患者病毒血清前S1蛋白(PreS1)作为慢性乙型肝炎病毒复制标志物的价值.方法 对210例慢性乙型肝炎患者和67例健康体检者进行HBV-DNA、PreS1、HBeAg测定;采用荧光定量-多聚酶链反应技术(FQ-PCR)对HBV-DNA进行定量检测,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对PreS1和HBeAg进行检测.结果 210例慢性乙型肝炎患者中,以HBV-DNA＞1×103拷贝/ml作为HBV复制的金标准,PreS1和HBeAg与HBV-DNA的总符合率为74.8%和57.6%.177例HBV-DNA阳性患者中,PreS1阳性135例,HBeAg阳性88例,2种检验标志物间差异存在显著性(x2=26.8,P＜0.01).PreS1、HBeAg和PreS1/HBeAg联合检测作为病毒复制标志的敏感性分别为76.3%、49.7%和87.6%,特异性分别为66.7%、100%和66.7%,准确性分别为74.8%、57.6%和84.3%,阳性预测值分别为92.5%、100%和93.4%,阴性预测值分别为33.3%、100%和50%.结论 PreS1与乙型肝炎病毒的复制密切相关,PreS1作为乙型肝炎病毒复制的标志物优于HBeAg.PreS1和HBeAg联合检测更能较好反映HBV病毒感染和复制状态,有利于乙肝病情监测和疗效评估.     

HBV-DNA 与乙型肝炎血清标志物的相关性分析

目的：探讨乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA载量与其血清标志物的相关性。方法：运用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)、酶联免疫 吸附实验(ELISA)分别检测503 例患者HBV-DNA 载量和HBV 血清标志物。根据HBV 血清标志物结果分为大三阳组、小三阳 组、少见模式组、抗体阳性及全阴组,比较各组间HBV-DNA的阳性率及定量值。结果：在大三阳组、小三阳组、少见模式组、抗体 阳性及全阴组HBV-DNA 的阳性率分别为90%、65.1%、65.2%、2.0%,HBV-DNA 的定量结果(logHBV-DNA) 别为6.32± 1.96、 2.01± 1.68、3.48± 2.52 (抗体阳性及全阴组阳性例数过低,不纳入统计)。大三阳组HBV-DNA的阳性率显著高于小三阳组(P<0. 05),大三阳组、小三阳组HBV-DNA 的阳性率与少见模式组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但大三阳组、小三阳组、少见模式 组HBV-DNA 的阳性率均显著高于抗体阳性及全阴组(P<0.01)。HBsAg、HBeAg 阳性组HBV-DNA 的阳性率分别显著高于HBsAg 、HBeAg 阴性组(P<0.01)。小三阳组、少见模式组HBV-DNA 载量均显著低于大三阳组(P<0.01),少见模式组HBV-DNA 载量 显著高于小三阳组(P<0.05)。结论：HBV-DNA的阳性率与HBeAg、HBsAg相关;HBV-DNA载量与HBV 血清标志物模式相关。     

乙肝大蛋白检测在乙肝抗病毒治疗中价值的研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎病毒大蛋白(HBV-LP)在抗病毒治疗过程中的临床诊断价值。方法选取乙型肝炎患者1 000例为研究对象和100例健康体检者为对照组进行HBV-DNA、HBV-LP和ALT检验;然后筛选志愿者进行拉米夫定抗病毒治疗,在治疗前、治疗中和治疗后分别采集血清标本进行HBV-LP、HBV-DNA、ALT检验。结果在HBVM模式中,HBV-LP和HBV-DNA的阳性率分别为42.64%和43.91%(P>0.05)。HBV-LP阳性标本中HBV-DNA、HBeAg和ALT阳性符合率分别为96.27%、65.01%和98.55%,HBV-DNA和ALT优于HBeAg(P<0.05)。志愿者进行拉米夫定抗病毒治疗中HBV-LP与HBV-DNA均下降,HBV-DNA下降更快。结论 HBV-LP可以检测病毒复制、抗病毒疗效观察和反映肝损伤。     

父系HBeAg 阳性流产胚胎绒毛中HBV-DNA 的表达

目的:探讨在父系HBeAg阳性的流产胚胎中,乙型肝炎病毒在绒毛中的表达。方法:募集仅父系感染乙型肝炎病毒组合,即母HBsAg(-)且父HBsAg(+)流产胚胎。按以下组合将入选对象分为4组:组1为父HBeAg(+)母HBsAb(+);组2为父HBeAg(+)母HBsAb(-);组3为父HBeAg(-)母HBsAb(+);组4为父HBeAg(-)母HBsAb(-),采用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)对胎儿父、母亲血清进行乙肝抗原、抗体检测,并使用荧光定量PCR法对胚胎绒毛进行HBV DNA检测。结果:父系感染乙型肝炎病毒的142例胚胎中,仅在父系HBeAg阳性组别(1、2组)84例胚胎中发现3例绒毛HBV-DNA升高,阳性率为3.57%。其中父HBeAg(+)母HBsAb(-)组合中2例,父HBeAg(+)母HBsAb(+)组合中1例。父系HBeAg均阳性,母系HBsAb阳性与阴性组间子代绒毛HBV-DNA升高率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:HBeAg阳性父亲可能更容易导致乙肝父婴垂直传播。     

乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HBV-LP与HBV-DNA水平表达的相关性及临床意义

目的:探讨乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清乙肝病毒外膜大蛋白(HBV-LP)与乙肝病毒脱氧核糖核酸(HBV-DNA)水平表达的相关性及临床意义。方法:选择2016年1月至2018年6月间我院收治的乙型病毒性肝炎患者148例,根据不同乙型肝炎血清标志物模式将患者分为A组18例、B组52例、C组41例、D组37例。根据不同HBV-DNA载量分为阴性组70例、低载量组21例、中载量组35例、高载量组22例。检测不同乙型肝炎血清标志物模式下HBV-LP、HBV-DNA阳性率及水平,比较不同HBV-DNA载量HBV-LP水平和肝功能指标,并分析其相关性。结果:C组、D组患者HBV-LP、HBV-DNA阳性率及水平均高于A组和B组(P<0.05),A组和B组、C组和D组患者HBV-LP、HBV-DNA阳性率及水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。阴性组、低载量组、中载量组、高载量组天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、HBV-LP水平均呈逐渐升高的趋势,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HBV-LP与HBV-DNA载量的对数值、ALT、AST呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:乙型病毒性肝炎患者血清HBV-LP可以反映HBV复制情况,并于肝功能指标密切相关。     

血清(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖与尿真菌培养联合检测对泌尿系侵袭性真菌感染的诊断价值

目的探讨血清(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖与尿真菌培养联合检测对泌尿系侵袭性真菌感染(IFI)的诊断价值。方法选取疑似泌尿系IFI患者157例,根据临床诊断,分为IFI组(48例)和非IFI组(109例),进行血清(1,3)-β-D葡聚糖检测(G试验)和尿真菌培养,比较两种方法单独和联合检测对泌尿系IFI诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和Youden指数。结果 G试验和尿真菌培养的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和Youden指数依次为(87.5%、89.6%)、(77.1%、78.9%)、(62.7%、65.2%)、(93.3%、94.5%)和(0.646、0.685);联合检测的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和Youden指数依次为79.2%、98.2%、95.0%、91.5%和0.774。三者均具有较高阴性预测值,而联合检测的特异度、阳性预测值和Youden指数明显高于单独检测,差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。结论 G试验与尿真菌培养联合检测诊断泌尿系IFI具有较高的阴性预测值和阳性预测值,减少了假阳性结果,较单独检测具有更大的诊断价值。     

乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原在骨髓细胞中的存在及其与乙型肝炎病毒血清复制指标的关联

选择16例血清HBsAg阳性患者为实验组,19例血清HBsAg阴性患者为对照组,每一患者同时采取血清和骨髓涂片,用免疫细胞化学方法(PAP)检测骨髓涂片细胞中的HBsAg。结果,实验组3例骨髓细胞HBsAg阳性者,其血清中HBsAg滴度都很高,而且HBeAg均呈阳性。而在抗HBe阳性或HBeAg/HBeAb阴性者中均无骨髓细胞HBsAg阳性者。在5例血清HBV-DNA多聚酶阳性者中,骨髓细胞中HBsAg阳性者2例;6例多聚酶阴性者中,骨髓细胞中HBsAg阳性者仅1例。 本研究结果证明,HBV可在肝外组织细胞中测出,骨髓细胞HBsAg阳性的出现有集中于HBV高水平复制感染者中的倾向,同时更常见于HBV感染的较早时期。     

Prevalence of hepatitis B virus in chronic hepatitis B patients

The aim of the current study was to detect HBV by Real time - PCR in chronic hepatitis B patients. Fifty-eight sera of chronic hepatitis B patients were subjected during the period March 2009 to April 2010 in Ilam cities in West of Iran. Sera assayed by real-time PCR and ELISA methods. Twenty serum samples from healthy volunteers and non-hepatitis B patients and negative for hepatitis B seromarkers served as negative controls for the study. Among fifty-eight sera, ELISA showed fifty-five (94.8%) of the samples were positive for HBsAg and three (5.2%) negative results obtained while real-time PCR specified fifty-eight (100%) positive results in chronic hepatitis B patients. HBsAg status did not necessarily reflect HBV DNA level in the serum, as 5.2% of chronic Hepatitis B patients were positive for HBV DNA but negative for HBsAg. HBV DNA was not found to be positive amongst any of the negative controls. Real time - PCR is a sensitive and reproducible assay for HBV DNA quantization.     

Multiplication of hepatitis B virus in fulminant hepatitis B.

The presence in serum of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and hepatitis B virus DNA, which are each regarded as reflecting multiplication of hepatitis B virus, were looked for one to five days after the onset of hepatic encephalopathy in 64 patients with fulminant hepatitis B. HBeAg and hepatitis B virus DNA were found in the serum of only 24 (37%) and six (9%) patients, respectively. Hepatitis B virus DNA was absent from the serum in all 13 patients positive for anti-HBs. These findings indicate that replication of hepatitis B virus stopped after the onset of hepatic encephalopathy in most of the patients and support the view that an enhanced immune response stops the replication. Agents that inhibit viral multiplication would probably not have any effect at this stage of the disease.     

Vaccine- and hepatitis B immune globulin-induced escape mutations of hepatitis B virus surface antigen

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) vaccination has been shown to be effective in preventing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The protection is based on the induction of anti-HBs antibodies against a major cluster of antigenic epitopes of HBsAg, defined as the 'a' determinant region of small HBsAg. Prophylaxis of recurrent HBV infection in patients who have undergone liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related end-stage liver disease is achieved by the administration of hepatitis B immune globulins (HBIg) derived from HBsAg-vaccinated subjects. The anti-HBs-mediated immune pressure on HBV, however, seems to go along with the emergence and/or selection of immune escape HBV mutants that enable viral persistence in spite of adequate antibody titers. These HBsAg escape mutants harbor single or double point mutations that may significantly alter the immunological characteristics of HBsAg. Most escape mutations that influence HBsAg recognition by anti-HBs antibodies are located in the second 'a' determinant loop. Notably, HBsAg with an arginine replacement for glycine at amino acid 145 is considered the quintessential immune escape mutant because it has been isolated consistently in clinical samples of HBIg-treated individuals and vaccinated infants of chronically infected mothers. Direct binding studies with monoclonal antibodies demonstrated a more dramatic impact of this mutation on anti-HBs antibody recognition, compared with other point mutations in this antigenic domain. The clinical and epidemiological significance of these emerging HBsAg mutants will be a matter of research for years to come, especially as data available so far document that these mutants are viable and infectious strains. Strategies for vaccination programs and posttransplantation prophylaxis of recurrent hepatitis need to be developed that may prevent immune escape mutant HBV from spreading and to prevent these strains from becoming dominant during the next decennia.     

Levels of hepatitis B virus replicative intermediate in serum samples of chronic hepatitis B patients

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) cccDNA levels is an absolute marker of HBV replication in the liver of HBV infected patients. This study aimed to quantify the HBV cccDNA levels in sera and liver tissue samples of treatment naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B. Eighty one chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment naïve patients were enrolled from January 2009 to June 2011. Total HBV DNA and HBV cccDNA levels were quantified using sensitive real time PCR assay. The mean age of recruited patients was 34 ± 11.5 years. Fifty four (66.7 %) patients were HBeAg negative. Liver tissue samples were available from 2 HBeAg positive and 21 HBeAg negative CHB patients. The amount of total intrahepatic HBV DNA ranged from 0.09 to 1508.92 copies/cell. The median intrahepatic HBV cccDNA was 0.31 and 0.20 copies/cell in HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative cases, respectively. Serum HBV cccDNA was detectable in 85.2 % HBeAg positive and 48.1 % HBeAg negative CHB patients. Median serum HBV cccDNA was 46,000 and 26,350 copies/mL in HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative subjects, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of intrahepatic total HBV DNA and intrahepatic HBV cccDNA (r = 0.533, p = 0.009). A positive correlation was also seen between serum HBV cccDNA levels and serum HBV DNA levels (r = 0.871, p < 0.001). It was concluded that serum HBV cccDNA could be detectable in higher proportion of HBeAg positive patients compared to HBeAg negative patients. Moreover, the median level of serum HBV cccDNA was significantly higher in HBeAg positive patients in contrast to HBeAg negative subjects.