野生药用动物资源蚯蚓(地龙)的市场现状及可持续利用对策

蚯蚓(地龙)是一种常见的动物类中药资源,在心脑血管等疾病的治疗中具有较高的药用价值。近年来,为大量获取野生蚯蚓,高效获取蚯蚓的方式“电击”法应运而生,但过度攫取可能会威胁蚯蚓的野外生存。为了解“电击”蚯蚓存在的潜在威胁和影响,本文利用1998年2月至2022年7月的地龙市场价格数据及2004-2021年的市场供应量和需求量数据,分析了地龙市场价格的波动规律及其与供应、需求间的关系,并通过贝叶斯结构时间序列模型探究了“电击”蚯蚓对供应量和价格的影响。结果表明:(1)自1998年以来,地龙价格整体呈上升态势,具有一定的季节性波动规律,截至2022年产新季地龙干重价格涨至175元/kg;(2)地龙市场价值逐年增加,目前价格偏离价值,市场处于不稳定状态;(3)2013年“电击”法推广后,与未进行“电击法”推广的预测结果相比较,在控制需求的情况下,地龙供应量显著增加,市场价格显著下降。相较于未进行“电击法”推广的预测结果,供应量的平均值相对增加40%,价格相对下降44%。为加强我国野生动物资源的保护与可持续利用,强烈建议加快建立野生药用动物资源的市场监测预警机制,强化野生药用动物资源市场秩序整顿...     

虫类药物对抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

虫类药物是中药动物药的重要组成部分,虫类入药,历史悠久。早在《神农本草经》就收载虫类药28种,到李时珍《本草纲目》共记载虫类药107种之多。尽管对动物药,尤其昆虫类动物药的开发研究起步较晚,但近年来又发现了新的虫类药,不断补充和发展其应用。本文就近年来对具有抗肿瘤作用的虫类药斑螫、蝉蜕、土鳖虫及僵蚕及动物药地龙、全蝎、水蛙等的化学成分及药理作用研究综述如下。1化学成分1．1氨基酸：张莅峡等[1]对地龙、全蝎、土鳖虫、水蛙、僵蚕等虫类药17种水解氨基酸分析表明：以水蛙含量最为丰富,为49．4％。地龙、全蝎、土鳖虫…     

我国雪莲植物的种类 生境分布及化学成分的研究进展

本文对雪莲花的原植物种类、生境分布、生长习性做了分析整理,并对新疆雪莲、水母雪莲、雪兔子等六种雪莲植物化学成分研究进展进行了综述。从比较已有的实验结果中发现不同种雪莲在其特定生境下的化学成分既有属的同一性又存在种的特征性差异。这不仅为植物化学分类提供了证据,也为细胞大量培养选用品质优秀的原植物材料提供了资料。     

我国雪莲植物的种类、生境分布及化学成分的研究进展

本文对雪莲花的原植物种类、生境分布、生长习性做了分析整理,并对新疆雪莲、水母雪莲、雪兔子等六种雪莲植物化学成分研究进展进行了综述。从比较已有的实验结果中发现不同种雪莲在其特定生境下的化学成分既有属的同一性又存在种的特征性差异。这不仅为植物化学分类提供了证据,也为细胞大量培养选用品质优秀的原植物材料提供了资料     

茶枯溶液在蚯蚓采样中的应用

蚯蚓是陆地生态系统中重要的大型土壤动物之一,其种类组成、种群大小及群落结构在一定程度上可以反映当地的土壤状况.常用的蚯蚓采样方法如手挖、电击法、福尔马林法、芥末法、异硫氰酸丙烯酯法存在很多差异,各方法都存在一定缺点.本研究应用茶枯溶液进行蚯蚓采样,操作简便易行.试验结果表明,茶枯法在荷木林、马占林、马尾松林的单位面积所驱赶出的蚯蚓个体数依次为62.1、70.3、96.2 number m-2,各林区采样效率依次为80.1%、70.9%、75.8%;3林区平均个体数采样效率为75.3%.除内栖类蚯蚓西土寒宪蚓外,其他蚯蚓种均能完全被驱赶采样;未能采样蚯蚓大部分为西土寒宪蚓幼体;在进入干季11月份采样效率显著降低.     

4种蚯蚓肠道微生物对砷毒性的响应差异研究

蚯蚓肠道是微生物多样性的一个潜在存储库。砷对蚯蚓肠道微生物群落的影响已被证实,但砷在不同蚯蚓肠道菌群中生物转化的差异仍不清楚。为了进一步阐述土壤中广泛存在的低浓度砷(浓度为5,15,25 mg/kg)对不同种类蚯蚓肠道微生物影响的差异,将4种典型蚯蚓暴露于砷污染土壤后,测定其肠道微生物组成变化,并分析砷对不同蚯蚓肠道内砷富集、形态和砷生物转化基因的影响。结果显示,所有蚯蚓组织内均存在明显的砷富集,其富集系数由高到低依次为:安德爱胜蚓(1.93)>加州腔蚓(0.80)>通俗腔蚓(0.78)>湖北远盲蚓(0.52),蚯蚓组织和肠道内砷形态主要以无机砷为主,其中As(III)含量比例> 80%,部分蚯蚓组织内还发现少量有机砷。4种蚯蚓肠道微生物群落在门水平上主要以变形菌、厚壁菌和放线菌为主,并与周围土壤细菌群落组成存在显著差异。同时,在土壤和肠道内共检测到17个砷转化基因,其中蚯蚓肠道内As(V)还原和砷转运相关基因相对丰度较高,而砷(去)甲基化基因丰度较低。此外,低浓度砷污染对蚯蚓生长无显著影响,却能引起蚯蚓肠道微生物群落的紊乱。蚯蚓种类和砷污染是引起蚯蚓肠道微生物...     

蚓激酶的克隆及其对BHK细胞的作用

蚯蚓具有活血化瘀的功效 ,在我国作为中药 (地龙 )使用已经有上千年的历史 .近年来发现蚯蚓体内存在溶血栓成分 ,称为蚓激酶 (ｌｕｍｂｒｕｋｉｎａｓｅ)或蚯蚓纤溶酶 (ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｌｙｔｉｃｅｎｚｙｍｅｉｎｅａｒｔｈｗｏｒｍ) .自Ｎ .Ｎａｋａ ｊｉｍａ报道从蚯蚓中分离到蚓激酶以来[1] ,国内外已经有许多报道[2～ 6] ,主要侧重于天然提取物的生化研究 .本文通过ＲＴ ＰＣＲ从蚯蚓 (Ｌ .ｂｉｍａｓｔｕｓ)体内获得蚓激酶基因 ,进行表达并观察其对ＢＨＫ细胞的作用 .1　材料与方法1 1　材料正蚓科双胸蚓属蚯蚓 ;反转录试剂 ,质粒ｐｃ…     

铁包金的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

铁包金在广西壮族和西南少数民族地区为一味常用的民族药,调查显示铁包金的来源包括四种勾儿茶属植物,其主要化学成分有黄酮类、醌类、二聚体、苯丙素类、萜类、苷类以及有机酸类等,具有镇痛消炎、抗肿瘤、保肝等生物活性。本文对近年来国内外文献进行综述,概述铁包金几种原植物的外观鉴别、化学成分以及生物活性,为进一步开发和扩大铁包金应用价值提供参考。     

稀土对蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量的影响

采用滤纸接触染毒法,分别进行了氯化稀土、氯化镧与土居动物蚯蚓接触染毒不同时间和不同浓度的试验。研究其对蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量的影响变化。结果表明。Re、La对蚯蚓体内的氨基酸含量影响较显著,在低浓度时总体表现为促进蚯蚓体内氨基酸的形成,而在高浓度状态下则使蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量下降,产生抑制作用,两种稀土在400mg·L^-1浓度时,蚯蚓体内氨基酸含量除脯氨酸外开始上升,随着作用时间延长,氨基酸含量逐渐下降,在100～1200mg·L^-1浓度范围,两种稀土均引起蚯蚓体内脯氨酸含量的下降,产生抑制作用。     

蚯蚓的营养成分

蚯蚓中含有丰富的蛋白质和氨基酸,是动物蛋白质营养成分来源之一。吉林省生物研究所对四种常见蚯蚓的营养成分做了测定,结果如下: 四种蚯蚓蛋白质含量占干物质的百分比是:红色爱胜蚓67.71%;赤子爱胜蚓64.61%;背暗异唇蚓57.96%;日本赤子爱胜蚓61.37%。四种蚯蚓中含有丰富的氨基酸,高达18种,氨基酸总量占干物质的百分比分别为:红色爱胜蚓58.08%;赤子爱胜蚓60.94%;背暗异唇蚓64.93%;日本赤子爱胜蚓64.33%。蚯蚓中含有人和动物体内不能合成的必需氨基酸。以动物10种必需氨基酸计,在四种蚯蚓中,必需氨基酸占氨基酸干物质总量的百分比(100克干样品含氨基酸克数)依次为:27.36%;28.48%;22.9%;     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.