卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖鲉卵巢的周期发育研究

经组织学观察表明 ,褐菖鲉 (Sebastiscusmarmoratus)的卵巢由卵巢壁、卵巢绒毛和卵巢腔构成。卵巢壁的肌层较厚 ,卵巢上皮具分泌功能。卵巢绒毛位于卵巢腔中 ,呈树枝状。在卵巢绒毛上分布着滤泡。滤泡由卵母细胞和滤泡膜构成。滤泡膜包括内层的颗粒层和外层的鞘膜层。鞘膜层上有丰富的毛细血管。滤泡靠滤泡柄悬挂在卵巢绒毛上。卵巢发育分 7个时期。成熟卵排放在卵巢腔中受精。胚胎浸置在卵巢液中发育。卵巢发育、卵巢成熟系数和卵巢壁厚度随季节呈年周期变化。     

卵胎生硬骨鱼褐菖You卵巢的周期发育研究

经组织学观察表明,褐菖Ｙｏｕ（Ｓｅｂａｓｔｉｓｃｕｓ ｍａｒｍｏｒａｔｕｓ）的卵巢由卵巢壁、卵巢绒毛和卵巢腔构成。贸巢壁的肌层较厚,卵巢上皮具分泌功能。卵巢绒毛位于卵巢腔中,呈树枝状。在卵巢绒毛上分布状滤泡。滤泡由卵母细胞和滤泡膜构成。滤泡膜包括内层的颗粒层和外层的鞘膜层。鞘膜层上有丰富的毛细血管。波泡靠滤泡柄县持在卵巢绒毛上,卵巢发育７个时期,成熟卵排放在卵巢腔中受粗。胚胎浸置在卵巢液中发育。卵     

毛脚卵巢的组织学观察

对3例雌性毛脚的卵巢结构进行组织形态学研究。采用常规方法制片,H.E染色。结果显示卵巢分叶呈条索状,卵泡发育中没有出现卵泡腔,卵泡细胞始终为单层,卵泡膜随卵泡发育成熟由单层转变为多层,闭锁卵泡在卵泡发育的各个不同时期都有出现。     

毛脚鸟卵巢的组织学观察

对3例雄性毛脚鸟的卵巢结构进行组形态学研究。采用常规方法制片,H．E染色。结果显示卵巢分叶呈条索状,卵泡发育中没有出现卵泡腔,卵泡细胞始终为单层,卵泡膜随卵泡发育成熟由单层转变为多层,闭锁卵泡在卵泡发育的各个不同时期都有出现。     

九孔鲍卵子发生及卵巢发育的组织学观察

采用组织学方法研究了九孔鲍(Haliotis diversicolor supertexta)的卵子发生、卵巢结构及其发育.根据卵细胞的大小、形状,核仁的形态,卵黄颗粒的积累情况,滤泡的结构等.将九孔鲍卵子的发生分为卵原细胞、卵黄发生前的卵母细胞和卵黄发生期的卵母细胞3个时期;卵巢壁由外膜及内生殖上皮构成,生殖上皮分化产生卵原细胞和滤泡细胞;卵巢的结构单位是滤泡.根据卵巢的外部形态和内部组织结构,将九孔鲍的卵巢发育分为休止期、增殖期、生长期、成熟期和排放期共5期.     

斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构

【目的】明确斑衣蜡蝉Lycorma delicatula雌成虫生殖系统整体形态及超微结构特征,为蜡蝉总科昆虫分类及系统发育探讨提供更多形态学证据。【方法】采用光学显微镜与透射电子显微镜,观察斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统整体形态和各主要器官的超微结构。【结果】斑衣蜡蝉雌成虫生殖系统主要包括1对卵巢、1个中输卵管、1个交配囊、1个交配囊管、1个前阴道、1个后阴道、1个受精囊、1个受精管和2根受精囊附腺。卵巢为端滋式,由14根卵巢小管组成,卵室由固有膜、滤泡细胞和卵细胞组成,卵巢小管中的滋养细胞清晰可见;中输卵管位于前阴道基部,由中输卵管腔、上皮细胞、肌肉鞘和基膜组成;交配囊膨大呈圆球状,囊壁由上皮细胞、肌肉层和基膜组成;交配囊管呈圆柱状,连接交配囊和后阴道,由肌肉鞘、上皮细胞层和管腔组成;前、后阴道超微结构相似,主要由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和管腔组成,但后阴道上皮细胞细胞核周围存在分泌颗粒,且管腔内有大量微绒毛,而前阴道壁内包含有大量囊泡结构;受精管从中输卵管末端延伸至受精囊,由基膜、厚层肌肉鞘和管腔组成;受精囊为受精管近末端略膨大的囊状结构,由肌肉鞘、基膜、上皮细胞和囊腔构成;雌性受精囊附腺着生于受精囊末端,为均匀的螺旋管状,主要由肌肉层、上皮细胞层和附腺中心管腔组成。【结论】斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统与已报道的蜡蝉总科其他类群的雌性生殖系统结构相似,但卵巢小管数目有差异;蝉亚目中不同总科雌成虫雌性附腺与受精囊附腺的形态特征存在明显区别;斑衣蜡蝉雌性生殖系统超微结构与叶蝉总科和沫蝉总科昆虫也存在部分差异。这些差异是否可以作为头喙亚目高级阶元的划分依据仍有待于进一步研究。     

长吻鮠的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究

本文报道了长吻卵巢发育与周年变化特点和繁殖习性。依外形和组织学特征,性成熟前至性成熟鱼卵巢的发育可分为卵原细胞期、单层滤泡期、卵黄泡期,卵黄充满期、成熟期和退化期６个时期,Ⅰ期性腺只存在于１龄内个体,Ⅱ期性腺持续２年左右,性成熟前发育至Ⅲ期,经Ⅳ、Ⅴ期发育至成熟并首次参与繁殖,最小性成熟个体３龄。性成熟后个体卵巢的发育只有后５个时期。繁殖期４—６月,产后卵巢很快退回到Ⅱ期,Ⅲ期卵巢越冬。一次产卵类型。卵壳膜源于滤泡细胞。卵粒的退化吸收分５步完成。     

南方鲶卵巢滤泡细胞和卵膜生成的组织学研究

南方鲶的卵巢滤泡细胞源于卵巢基质细胞,从发生到退化分为零散卵泡膜细胞期、单层扁平泡膜细胞期、多层扁平卵泡膜细胞期、立方形颗粒细胞期柱状颗粒细胞期、颗粒细胞分泌期和颗粒细胞退化期。精孔细胞中发育中滤泡细胞分化形成。初级卵精源于卵母细胞,次级卵膜由晚期滤泡细胞分泌形成。本文还对滤泡细胞和卵膜的作用进行了阐述。     

小熊猫甲状腺的组织解剖学观察

利用常规解剖技术和生物显微技术观察了小熊猫Ailurus fulqens甲状腺的大体解剖和组织结构特征.结果表明,甲状腺可分为左右两侧叶,没有明显的峡部,呈"V"字形或倒"八"字形,位于气管上端两侧.甲状腺的实质主要由大小不等的滤泡、滤泡旁细胞、滤泡间结缔组织和血管、神经等结构所组成.大滤泡的壁由单层矮立方上皮或单层扁平上皮构成,而小滤泡的壁由单层低柱状上皮构成.滤泡旁细胞并不均匀地分布在腺实质内.在初生小熊猫的甲状腺内没有发现滤泡旁细胞.     

拟目乌贼卵子发生与卵巢发育

为了丰富拟目乌贼(Sepia lycidas)生物学资料, 为人工育苗与养殖提供理论依据, 采用解剖学和组织学的方法, 对水泥池养殖条件下拟目乌贼卵子发生和卵巢发育进行了研究。结果表明: 经过6个月水泥池养殖, 平均体重为256.34 g, 最大体重达到457.08 g, 个别发育成熟, 绝大部分未达性成熟。卵子发生不同步, 根据细胞形态、细胞大小、滤泡细胞形态和卵黄形成情况可分为卵原细胞阶段(卵原细胞期)、原生质生长阶段(无滤泡期、单层滤泡期和双层滤泡期)、间质生长阶段(滤泡内折早期、滤泡内折中期和滤泡内折晚期)和营养质生长阶段(卵黄发生早期、卵黄发生晚期和成熟期), 共4个阶段10个时期。卵巢发育根据外观形态、性腺指数变化和切面上各期细胞所占的比例, 可分为形成前期、形成期、小生长期、大生长期、成熟前期和成熟期6个时期。拟目乌贼繁殖周期为一年。       

卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢囊肿患者术后卵巢储备功能的影响

目的:探究卵巢囊肿剥除术对卵巢囊肿患者术后卵巢储备功能的影响。方法:选取我院收治的卵巢囊肿患者42例,按照随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组。对照组20例,采用经腹卵巢囊肿剥除术;实验组22例,采用经腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术。对比两组术后6个月血清中的抗苗勒管激素(AMH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及雌二醇(E2)水平,超声下卵巢体积(Vol),窦状卵泡数(Fo)水平等。结果:治疗后,实验组总有效率为(95.5%)高于对照组总有效率(75.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者术后第6个月血清FSH、E2水平及Vol、Fo水平无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);与治疗前相比,两组患者血清AMH水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),且组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组相比,实验组术中出血量较低,手术时间较少,下床活动时间短(P0.05)。结论:卵巢囊肿剥除术对于卵巢储备功能的恢复具有积极作用,有利于保证育龄女性卵巢功能的完整,促进各基础性激素水平的恢复,尤其是采用腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术出血少损伤小,病变清除彻底,术后恢复好。     

卵巢良性和恶性上皮性肿瘤中端粒酶蛋白表达及活性的研究

目的　研究卵巢良性和恶性上皮性肿瘤中端粒酶蛋白的表达水平及其活性 ,探讨其作为卵巢癌肿瘤标记物的可能性。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法检测了 30例卵巢癌和 10例卵巢腺瘤组织中端粒酶相关蛋白 1(TP1)和人端粒酶蛋白催化亚基 (hTRT)的表达水平 ,并采用TRAP -ELISA方法检测了 30例卵巢癌和 10例卵巢腺瘤组织中的端粒酶活性。结果　免疫组织化学结果显示 ,30例卵巢癌和 10例卵巢腺瘤组织中TP1和hTRT表达阳性率均为 10 0 %,其中卵巢癌的强阳性表达率高于卵巢囊腺瘤 (P <0 0 1) ,TP1和hTRT的表达强度无明显差别。TRAP ELISA方法检测发现 30例卵巢癌组织中 ,2 8例检测到端粒酶活性 ,阳性率为 93.3%;10例卵巢腺瘤中 ,仅 1例浆液性乳头状腺瘤检测到端粒酶活性 ,阳性率为 10 %(P <0 0 0 1)。结论　本研究的结果表明卵巢良性和恶性上皮性肿瘤中端粒酶蛋白TP1和hTRT的表达水平与端粒酶活性之间无明显相关性 ,端粒酶活性的检测与卵巢癌的发生发展密切相关 ,有望成为卵巢癌的一种肿瘤标记物。     

Compilation of classical and contemporary terminology used to describe morphological aspects of ovarian dynamics in cattle

Veterinarians and scientists involved in applied and basic research in cattle require a lexicon of terms that is used uniformly so that diagnoses and inference of results between and among studies can be correctly interpreted and substantiated or negated and therapy and hypotheses can be formulated without unnecessary confusion and redundancy in treatments and experiments. This review provides a compilation of many of the classical and contemporary terms used in association with ovarian dynamics primarily during the estrous cycle in cattle, which can also apply to other reproductive states. While many classical terms used to describe healthy and diseased conditions associated with follicles and corpora lutea are still applicable today, there are some that have become antiquated (e.g., cystic corpus luteum, cystic ovarian degeneration, luteolysis, and granulosa cell tumor), due, in part, to advanced technology (e.g., ultrasonography) and a more thorough understanding of ovarian function. In this regard, older terms have been revised (e.g., corpus luteum with a cavity, follicular and luteinized-follicular cysts, structural and functional luteal regression, and granulosa-theca cell tumor) and newer terms have been coined (e.g., follicle deviation) and advocated herein. Defining and adopting terminology used in bovine reproduction that is clear, precise and understandable and available in a single source, is expected to make the exchange of clinical and research information and outcomes more effective, safe, and economical.     

子宫内膜异位症的激素治疗对卵巢纤维化和卵巢储备的影响

摘要 目的：探讨子宫内膜异位症的激素治疗对卵巢纤维化和卵巢储备的影响。方法：选取2019年9月-2021年8月西安国际医学中心医院收治的86例子宫内膜异位症患者,将其随机分为四组（A、B1、B2、C）,A组未接受任何激素治疗,B1组和B2组接受炔诺酮孕激素治疗,C组接受促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）治疗。比较四组24个月复发率、复发期间肿瘤直径大小、抗苗勒激素（AMH）和促卵泡激素（FSH）水平以及血清转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）和平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达。结果：与治疗前相比,A组斑点样出血以及痛经情况未发生变化（P>0.05）,B1、B2和C组斑点样出血升高,痛经情况降低（P<0.05）;治疗后,B1、B2和C组较A组斑点样出血升高、痛经情况降低,C组较B1、B2组升高（P<0.05）。与治疗期间对比,四组子宫内膜异位症复发率均发生变化（P<0.05）。在治疗期间,与A组相比,B1组、B2组和C组子宫内膜异位症复发率降低,且B1组、B2组较C组降低;在随访期间,B1组、B2组复发率低于C组（P<0.05）。与治疗期间相比,A组随访期间子宫内膜瘤直径比较无差异（P>0.05）,B1、B2和C组增大（P<0.05）。B1、B2和C组较A组子宫内膜瘤直径减小（P<0.05）,而C组较B1、B2组增大（P<0.05）。与治疗前相比,四组治疗后血清FSH水平升高,血清AMH水平降低（P<0.05）;治疗后,B1、B2和C组较A组血清FSH水平降低,AMH水平升高（P<0.05）。各组治疗后较治疗前TGF-β1和α-SMA的蛋白表达降低（P<0.05）;治疗后B1、B2和C组较A组TGF-β1和α-SMA蛋白表达水平降低（P<0.05）。结论：与GnRH相比,孕激素可能是子宫内膜异位症术后卵巢储备和纤维治疗的更好选择。     

Autonomic innervation and plasma estradiol-17β and progesterone levels in rats with subcutaneous ovarian autografts

Summary Ovaries were removed from female rats and immediately autografted into a subcutaneous pouch in the flank in order to quantitate the relationship of graft re-innervation, steroid secretion and vaginal smear pattern. Animals were killed at three time periods: three days after grafting, on the first day a cornified vaginal smear appeared and at the first metestrus. In addition, control animals were killed at metestrus. Plasma samples were obtained from all rats and analyzed for estradiol-17 and progesterone concentration by radioimmunoassay.At the first day of vaginal cornification after grafting, plasma estradiol-17 (45.8±4.0 pg/ml) was elevated in comparison to controls at metestrus (24.0±2.6 pg/ml), but plasma progesterone (21.5±4.0 ng/ml) was not different (30.6±1.7 ng/ml). Subsequently, at the first metestrus following grafting, plasma estradiol-17 (23.0±3.5 pg/ml) was comparable to control values. In contrast, progesterone was decreased (17.5±1.9 ng/ml). A definite correlation was detected between the vaginal smear and plasma levels of steroid hormones in the castrated female rat with subcutaneous ovarian autografts.Histochemical techniques were used to study the adrenergic and cholinergic innervations of grafts three days after grafting, at the first day of vaginal cornification, and at the first metestrus. No correlation was shown between density of adrenergic or cholinergic innervation and plasma levels of estradiol-17 and progesterone or onset of a cycling vaginal smear.Supported in part by USPHS Grant T01-DE00241-04The authors wish to thank J. Canale, S. Hemelt, E. Schwartz and J. Skaggs for their technical and secretarial assistance. Anti-estradiol-17 antibody was obtained from Dr. I.H. Thorneycroft, University of Southern California School of Medicine, and anti-progesterone antibody from Dr. D. Tulchinsky, Harvard Medical Center     

序贯式止血法用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术的临床研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中采用序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响。方法：将100例行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术患者按照抽签法随机地均分为对照组与观察组,对照组给予传统双极电凝治疗,观察组采取序贯式止血法,靠近卵巢门的髓质出血镜下缝合,远离卵巢门行皮质渗血电凝处理。比较两组患者手术前后雌二醇（Estradiol,E2）、促卵泡激素（Follicle-stimulating hormonc,FSH）、促黄体生成素（Luteotropic hormone,LH）及围绝经期综合征发生情况。结果：对照组术前与术后3个月及术后6个月E2、FSH及LH差异均具有统计学意义,观察组手术前后激素水平差异无统计学意义,且观察组术后与对照组术后上述指标差异均具有统计学意义;对照组患者术后月经紊乱、植物神经功能紊乱的发生率分别为14．00％与12．00％,观察组为2．00％及0％,两组差异具有显著的统计学意义。结论：序贯式止血法应用于腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中影响卵巢功能,效果显著,值得在临床上加以推广并应用。     

Identification of epidermal growth factor-responsive genes in normal rat ovarian surface epithelial cells

Alteration in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family signaling is among the most frequently implicated effectors of human oncogenesis. Overexpression of members of this family of receptors has often been detected in many epithelial tumors and is believed to be associated with an overall poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Therefore, we hypothesized that identification of potential EGF target genes in normal cells will provide a basis for unbiased genetic analysis of this signaling pathway in cancer. We utilized Atlas Rat 1.2 nylon cDNA arrays (Clontech) to determine gene expression changes in normal rat ovarian surface epithelial (ROSE) cells following EGF treatment. The results indicate activation of genes involved in a wide variety of cellular mechanisms, including regulation of cell cycle and proliferation, apoptosis, and protein turnover. In addition, using an in vitro model of ovarian cancer, we demonstrated that malignant transformation of ROSE cells resulted in alteration of downstream effectors of the EGFR pathway, as exemplified by aberrant expression of p66Shc, c-Jun, c-Myc, c-Fos, Lot1, p21Cip/Waf, and cdc25A. These data suggest that knowledge of the downstream genetic lesions, which may result in loss of growth factor requirement of the affected cells, will be crucial for the selection of the EGFR pathway as an effective target for cancer therapy.     

Fecal microbiota transplantation from young donor mice improves ovarian function in aged mice

Advanced maternal age is characterized by declines in the quantity and quality of oocytes in the ovaries, and the aging process is accompanied by changes in gut microbiota composition. However, little is known about the relationship between gut microbiota and ovarian aging. By using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to transplant material from young (5-week-old) into aged (42-week-old) mice, we find that the composition of gut microbiota in FMT-treated mice presents a “younger-like phenotype” and an increase of commensal bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Ruminococcaceae. Moreover, the FMT-treated mice show increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ. Fertility tests for assessing ovarian function reveal that the first litter size of female FMT-treated mice is significantly higher than that of the non-FMT group. Morphology analysis demonstrates a dramatic decrease in follicle atresia and apoptosis as well as an increase in cellular proliferation in the ovaries of the FMT-treated mice. Our results also show that FMT improves the immune microenvironment in aged ovaries, with decreased macrophages and macrophage-derived multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs). These results suggest that FMT from young donors could be a good choice for delaying ovarian aging.     

腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中序贯式止血法对卵巢功能的影响。方法:选取良性卵巢囊肿患者120例,随机分成对照组及观察组,每组60例,对照组术中采用传统的双极电凝止血法,观察组术中采用序贯式止血法。观察两组患者术前及术后3个月雌二醇(E2)、黄体生成素(LH)以及促卵泡激素(FSH)水平变化,采用kupperman改良评分法比较两组患者月经和妊娠情况,并且统计两组患者术前及术后3个月卵巢功能正常以及卵巢储备功能下降的发生率。结果:术后3个月对照组E2、LH及FSH水平较术前变化较大,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),而观察组E2、LH及FSH水平较术前变化较小,仅FSH差异有统计学意义(P0.05),术后3个月两组E2、LH及FSH水平差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组月经改变、围绝经期综合症的发生率与治疗后距妊娠时间均显著少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而妊娠率明显高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后3个月观察组患者卵巢功能正常率显著高于对照组,并且卵巢储备功能下降率显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术中采用序贯式止血法对患者的卵巢功能影响较小,有利于患者术后正常生理功能的恢复,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Dynamic changes in ovarian follicles measured by ultrasonography during gonadotropin stimulation in rhesus monkeys

The objective was to study dynamic changes of ovaries in rhesus macaques stimulated by gonadotropins to identify an indicator for predicting ovarian response to stimulation. Twenty-one cycling monkeys were given 36 IU/d recombinant human follicle-stimulating hormone (rhFSH) for 8 d. Animals (n = 17) with ≥5 follicles (≥3 mm) in their ovaries on Day 9 of ovarian stimulation were deemed good responders, whereas those with a lesser response were poor responders (n = 4). For these two groups, the mean (±SD) numbers of oocytes retrieved were 44.3 ± 21.4 and 11.0 ± 4.6, respectively. In retrospect, the mean diameters of the ovaries and of the largest follicles, the total number of detectable follicles (diameter >0.5 mm), and serum estradiol concentrations gradually increased during the stimulation period in the good responders but did not increase in the poor responders. Comparing good and poor responders, the number of ovarian follicles >0.5 mm already exhibited a difference (12.9 ± 6.5 vs. 2.9 ± 1.3, respectively, P < 0.05) on Day 1 of stimulation. However, for other end points, differences were not significant until at least Day 5. Moreover, good responders yielded a fivefold higher blastocyst development rate than that of poor responders (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the number of ovarian follicles detected with ultrasonography could be useful to predict the response to FSH stimulation in non-human primates.