绵萆薢三萜皂苷类成分研究

为了解绵萆薢(Dioscorea spongiosa)的化学成分,从其70%乙醇水溶液提取物中分离鉴定了8个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析分别鉴定为:20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(1)、人参皂苷Rg1(2)、人参皂苷Re(3)、三七皂苷R1(4)、人参皂苷Rd(5)、人参皂苷Rb1(6)、常青藤皂苷元3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖苷(7)和木通皂苷D(8)。化合物1、2、3、5和6为首次从该种植物中分离得到,化合物7和8为首次从薯蓣属植物中分离得到。     

九头狮子草化学成分的研究

从九头狮子草种分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:正十八烷(1)、cholest-5-en-3β-oxyl hexadecanoate(2)、硬脂酸(3)、软脂酸(4)、三十三烷醇(5)、β-谷甾醇(6)β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的混合物(7)、β-谷甾醇和豆甾醇的葡萄糖苷(8)、尿囊素(9).其中化合物1～5系首次从本植物中分得.     

西洋参茎叶化学成分及生物利用度的研究

应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,从西洋参茎叶中分离得到10个化合物,经理化性质和光谱数据分析鉴定分别为:拟人参皂苷RT4(1)、拟人参皂苷RT5(2)、24(R)-Ocotillol苷元(3)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(4)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg1(5)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg2(6)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rh2(7)、20(R)-人参皂苷Rh2(8)、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3(9)、拟人参皂苷F11(10)。化合物1和3为首次从西洋参茎叶中分离得到。首次建立和认证了20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3肌内注射的生物利用度的测定方法,采用本文方法测定犬肌注20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3的生物利用度为96.7%,为20(S)-人参皂苷Rg3的新药开发提供了临床前药代动力学依据。     

红背桂花化学成份研究

利用色谱技术对云南西双版纳产红背桂花(Excoecaria cochmchmensis Lour.)的化学成分进行分离纯化,从其乙醇提取物分离得到8个化合物,经理化和光谱分析,分别鉴定为:桦木酸(1)、没食子酸(2)、对羟基苯甲醛(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、胡萝卜甙(5)、豆甾醇(6)、棕榈酸(7)、6-羟基豆甾醇(8).化合物1-8均为首次从红背桂花中分离得到.     

对叶榕叶和细枝的化学成分研究

采用柱色谱法从对叶榕FicushispidaL.叶和细枝的95%甲醇溶液中分离得到10个化合物。通过理化性质和波谱数据分析分别鉴定为α-豆甾醇(1)、正癸烷(2)、叶黄素(3)、乌苏酸(4)、豆甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、7-羟基香豆素(6)、香草酸(7)、齐墩果酸-28-O-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(8)、异紫堇定碱(9)和原阿片碱(10)。化合物9和10首次从该植物中分离得到。     

明党参根皮超临界萃取部位化学成分研究

采用超临界CO2萃取、柱层析、重结晶等方法,从明党参根皮部位分离得到9个化合物。经理化方法和波谱分析鉴定为二十五烷酸(1)、二十七烷醇(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、豆甾醇(4)、异欧前胡素(5)、欧前胡素(6)、花椒毒酚(7)、珊瑚菜内酯(8)和5-羟基-8-甲氧基补骨脂素(9)。化合物5～7为首次从明党参中分离得到,其余化合物均为首次从该植物根皮中分离得到。     

紫茎泽兰中的酚酸衍生物和甾类化学成分

为了解紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.)的化学成分,从其地上部分茎和叶中分离得到4个酚酸衍生物和5个甾体化合物。经光谱分析,分别鉴定为2-羟基苯丙醇(1)、香豆素(2)、去甲氧基英西卡林(3)、英西卡林(4)、3β-acetoxy-25-hydroxydammara-20,23-diene(5)、3β-acetoxy-24-hydroxydammara-20,25-diene(6)、豆甾-4,22-二烯-3-酮(7)、豆甾醇(8)和β-胡萝卜苷(9)。化合物1、2、5~7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

红背山麻杆根中PTP1B抑制活性成分研究

运用硅胶和凝胶色谱等天然产物分离技术从红背山麻杆根中分离得到9个化合物,结合各化合物理化性质和光谱数据鉴定其结构,包括6个三萜类成分鲨烯(1)、乙酰基木油醇酸(2)、木栓酮(3)、3-乙酰氧基-12-齐墩果烯-28-酸甲酯(4)、马斯里酸(5)、马斯里酸甲酯(6)和3个甾醇成分β-谷甾醇(7)、β-谷甾醇-3-O-硬脂酸酯(8)、豆甾-4-烯-3,6-二酮(9)。化合物2、3和7为首次从该植物中分离得到,其余化合物均为首次从该属植物中分离得到。以体外酶学方法测定化合物PTP1B抑制活性,化合物2、5、6和8具有PTP1B抑制活性。     

白头婆花化学成分的分离与鉴定

本文为研究白头婆(Eupatorium japonicum)花的化学成分,利用多种色谱技术对白头婆花70%乙醇提取物进行分离得到19个化合物,经NMR、MS等波谱方法鉴定为香豆素(1)、2-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzofuran-3(2H)-one(2)、1-(2-hydroxy-4-methylphenyl)propan-1,2-dione(3)、subamone(4)、(7R~*)-opposit-4(15)-ene-1β,7-diol(5)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(6))、咖啡酸(7)、9-羟基百里酚(8)、原儿茶酸(9)、反式邻羟基肉桂酸(10)、7-羟基香豆素(11)、槲皮素(12)、蒲公英甾醇(13)、9-acetoxythymol 3-O-tiglate(14)、蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯(15)、亚油酸(16)、9-angeloyloxythymol(17)、豆甾醇(18)、棕榈酸(19)。化合物2～9、11～13、16、19为首次从白头婆中分离得到,化合物4～6、16为首次从泽兰属中分离得到。     

兖州卷柏化学成分及体外抗菌活性研究

本文研究兖州卷柏Selaginella involvens Spring.的化学成分及体外抗菌活性.运用反复色谱层析进行纯化分离得到7个化合物,经波谱解析结合理化鉴定确定化合物结构为:正十六烷酸(1),正十八烷酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),豆甾醇(4),穗花杉双黄酮(5),β-D-glucopyranoside,(3β)-cholest-5-en-3yl(6),β-香树脂醇(7).化合物1～7均首次从该植物中分离得到,6和7首次从该属植物中分离得到.此外研究了化合物5、6和7的体外抗菌活性.化合物5、6和7可能为兖州卷柏抗肺炎病菌的主要物质基础.     

中国红参化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的:研究五加科人参属常用中药红参的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、反相柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析、半制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从红参中分离并鉴定5个化合物,结构分别为:异麦芽酚甘露糖苷(isomaltol-3-α-D-O-mannopyranoside 1),人参皂苷Rc(2),麦芽酚(3),β-谷甾醇(4),棕榈酸(5)。结论:化合物1为首次从五加科中分离得到。     

人参毛状根生物合成熊果苷的分离与鉴定

熊果苷(arbutin),化学名称为对-羟基苯-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷,能够竞争性抑制酪氨酸酶的活性从而抑制黑色素的形成,被国际公认为高效祛斑美白剂,是化妆品中理想的添加成分.人参(Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.)自古以来就是名贵药材,由于人参在栽培过程中存在着栽培困难、周期过长、地域限制等难题,人参的组织培养受到了广泛的重视.本实验室已建立了人参细胞大量培养体系[1]和人参毛状根培养体系[2],并把熊果苷与人参细胞配伍应用到化妆品生产中,产品深受广大消费者青睐.用植物培养物对外源底物进行生物转化,从而对其结构进行修饰,以获得更有意义的产物的研究报道很多[3～9],也是当今研究的热点.本实验室已对人参生物转化熊果苷的基本条件进行了初步探讨[10],本文在此基础上,对转化产物进行了分离鉴定.     

Effect of adaptogens on the activity of the pituitary-adrenocortical system in rats

Intraperitoneal injection of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey tincture, Polyscias filicifolia Bailey tincture, Panax ginseng tincture or Eleutherococcus Maxim extract to rats produced a rise in plasma corticosterone 1 hour after the treatment. Immobilization-induced rise in plasma corticosterone was increased by 7-day pretreatment with any agent. Thus, the adaptation effect of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey and Polyscias filicifolia Bailey is probably realized through the pituitary-adrenocortical system.     

The Triterpenoid Saponins of Rhizomes of Panax laponicus C.A. Meyer var. angustifolius(Burk.) Cheng et Chu

From the rhizome of Panax japonicus C. A. Meyer var. angustifolius (Burk.) Cheng et Chu collected in Yunnan, 10 triterpenoid saponins were isolated with SiO2 chromatograph and reversed phase chromatograph. The saponins were identified as ginsenoside Ro (1), Rd (7), Rg1 (8), Rhl (9), notoginsenoside R1 (6), chikusetsusaponin Ⅳ(4), Ⅳa(2), zingibroside R1(3), oleanolic acid 28-β-D-glucoside (10) and oleanolic acid 3-β-D-glucuronoside (5) respectively, by means of 13C-NMR, MS of acetate, and chemical methods, as well as compared with authentic samples. Among the rest, (5), a prosaponin of ginsenoside Ro (1) was firstly isolation from species of genus Panax. The fact that saponin constituents of rhizome of var. angustifolius was similar to P. japonicus and var. major, further supported the view that three taxes belonged to a variational limit of one species.     

人参生殖器官皂苷含量动态变化

为了明确从现蕾、开花到结实过程中的人参生殖器官中各单体皂苷含量的动态变化,应用HPLC法测定了人工栽培的五年生人参不同时期生殖器官中的人参单体皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rg1和Rg3的含量。结果显示:从现蕾到果实成熟的过程中,人参单体皂苷Rb1、Rb2、Rb3、Rc、Rd、Re、Rg1和Rg3的含量的平均值分别为0.643%,0.189%,1.026%,1.014%,1.941%,8.381%,0.724%和0.041mg.g-1。从现蕾到果实成熟的过程中,人参单体皂苷Rb1含量的最高值在7月16日,单体皂苷Rb3、Rc、Rd和Rg1含量的最高值在7月11日,单体皂苷Rb2和Rg2含量的最高值在8月7日。     

Identification and differentiation of Panax species using ELISA, RAPD and eastern blotting

Immunochemical and genetic methods have been developed in order to distinguish Panax spp. With the aim of establishing immunochemical methods, two hybridomas (3H4 and 5H8), each secreting a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against proteins of Panax ginseng, were prepared by fusing splenocytes immunized with two kinds of ginseng water-soluble fractions and a hypoxanthine-thymidine-aminopterin-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line, P3-X63-Ag8-U1. MAb 3H4 cross-reacted with four Panax spp., whereas the MAb 5H8 cross-reacted with P. ginseng in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA and western blotting methods using a ginseng water-soluble fraction as the solid-phase antigen were developed for the unambiguous authentication of P. ginseng. A combination of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and eastern blotting analyses using anti-ginsenoside Rb1 and Rgl monoclonal antibodies was used for the identification of P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius and P. japonicus. RAPD can be used to differentiate the species of Panax from each other. An important parameter used for differentiating P. notoginseng is the absence of ginsenoside Rc in the extract of P. notoginseng with eastern blotting. The combination of these methods enabled a reliable identification of Panax spp.     

Expression and RNA interference-induced silencing of the dammarenediol synthase gene in Panax ginseng

Panax ginseng is one of the most highly valued herbal medicines in the Orient, where it has gained an almost magical reputation for being able to maintain the quality of life. The root of ginseng contains noble tetracyclic triterpenenoid saponins, which are thought to be the major effective ingredients in P. ginseng. The first committed step in ginsenoside synthesis is the cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to dammarenediol II by oxidosqualene cyclase, dammarenediol synthase (DDS). The gene encoding DDS has been characterized. Here, we investigated the expression of the DDS gene together with the genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis (SS, SE, PNX, PNY, PNY2 and PNZ). Expression of DDS mRNA was higher in flower buds compared with root, leaf and petiole of ginseng plants. Elicitor (methyl jasmonate) treatment up-regulated the expression of DDS mRNA. Ectopic expression of DDS in a yeast mutant (erg7) lacking lanosterol synthase resulted in the production of dammarenediol and hydroxydammarenone which were confirmed by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCIMS). RNA interference (RNAi) of DDS in transgenic P. ginseng resulted in silencing of DDS expression which leads to a reduction of ginsenoside production to 84.5% in roots. These results indicate that expression of DDS played a vital role in the biosynthesis of ginsenosides in P. ginseng.     

蛹虫草培养液成分研究Ⅱ

目的：研究蛹虫草人工培养液的化学成分。方法：利用硅胶柱层析、制备薄层、SephadexLH-20、重结晶等方法分离、纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定其化学结构。结果：分离并鉴定了8个化合物,分别为3,7,8-三甲基-异咯嗪（1）;琥珀酸（2）;胸腺嘧啶（3）;虫草素（4）;腺苷（5）;2吲哚乙丁二酰胺（6）;1（-5-羟甲基）-呋喃-3-羧基-β-咔啉（7）;5（-1-甲基丙基）-3,6-氧代-2-哌嗪乙酰胺（8）。结论：化合物1,6,7为首次从虫草属真菌中分离得到。     

An endophytic bacterium isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer enhances growth,reduces morbidity,and stimulates ginsenoside biosynthesis

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is known for its therapeutically useful ginsenosides that have anticancer and other pharmacological effects. However, its low levels in plants and the high costs of chemical synthesis make ginsenosides commercially non-viable; as such, strategies for increasing ginsenoside yield are of great interest. The present study reports the isolation of eight novel endophytic bacteria from ginseng leaves, the highest ginsenoside concentration of microbial transformed strain was identified as Paenibacillus polymyxa. Inoculation of ginseng plants with P. polymyxa by foliar application combined with irrigation enhanced plant growth parameters, reduced morbidity, and increased plant concentration of the ginsenosides (Rg₁, Re, Rf, Rb₁, Rg₂, Rb₂, Rb₃, and Rd) in field experiments. These results indicate that P. polymyxa isolated from ginseng is a beneficial endophytic bacterium with biocontrol properties that can enhance the yield and quality of this medicinal plant.     

小花草玉梅化学成分研究

目的：研究银莲花属植物小花草玉梅的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱,反相柱色谱并结合制备高效液相色谱等技术分离纯化单体化合物,并根据理化性质及光谱数据鉴定结构。结果：分离并鉴定了4个化合物,分别是常春藤皂苷元-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（1）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-齐墩果酸皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（2）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（3）和3-O-β-D-吡喃核糖-（1→3）-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→2）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖-常春藤皂苷元-28-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖-（1→4）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-（1→6）-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯苷（4）。结论：化合物1为首次从银莲花属植物中分离得到,2-4为首次从小花草玉梅中分离得到。