维生素D_3与雄性生殖

维生素D3的经典作用是调节体内钙、磷的代谢平衡和维持骨的健康,有证据显示维生素D3也可调节动物生殖。维生素D代谢酶可合成和降解活性维生素D3及其代谢中间产物,活性维生素D3通过结合至目标组织的维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)以发挥其生物学作用。VDR和维生素D代谢酶在雄性生殖系统中表达,表明维生素D3在雄性生殖生物学中起关键作用。本文对维生素D3与雄性生殖的研究进展作一综述,以期为推进维生素D3影响雄性生殖的分子机制和临床治疗男性不育的研究提供理论依据。     

脂肪酸结合蛋白研究进展

脂肪酸结合蛋白(fatty acid binding proteins,FABPs)家族目前已知类型有12种,主要表达在哺乳动物的各种组织中,具有组织表达的特异性。脂肪酸结合蛋白的主要功能是进行脂肪酸的转运,特别是多不饱和脂肪酸的转运。脂肪酸结合蛋白还具有许多其他的生物学功能,如影响血管的生成和细胞的增殖分化等。而在哺乳动物胎盘形成的过程中,FABPs也起着重要作用。FABPs还与许多代谢综合征等疾病的发生发展密切相关。现主要对脂肪酸结合蛋白的功能、与生殖过程和疾病的关系作一综述。     

运动后瘦素水平的变化及其对骨代谢的影响

瘦素(leptin)的生理作用很多,其对骨代谢的影响可以通过中枢和外周两个机制来实现.运动可以影响人体骨代谢,但运动后血清瘦素水平的变化不一,可能是因为瘦素可以通过多种下丘脑-垂体轴途径影响骨代谢,如下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴、下丘脑-垂体-生长激素轴等等,各途径作用结果不一致,致使不同的运动形式对瘦素的影响不同.本文对运动后瘦素水平改变及其对骨代谢的作用予以综述.     

脂肪组织氧化应激与运动干预

脂肪组织在调控代谢稳态和运动适应中扮演着重要的角色。肥胖引起的脂肪组织氧化应激是2型糖尿病与代谢综合征等的重要病理特征,是促进脂肪组织炎症和胰岛素抵抗的重要机制。氧化应激可以引起脂肪细胞趋化因子表达,募集炎症细胞浸润脂肪组织,炎症细胞分泌大量的炎症因子,并促进了局部和系统的胰岛素抵抗与慢性炎症。运动对肥胖相关的慢性代谢病的有效干预与运动的抗氧化效应相关。本文总结了氧化应激在脂肪组织炎症和胰岛素抵抗中的作用,以及运动对脂肪组织氧化应激的调控。     

Kisspeptin调控动物机体代谢的研究进展

Kisspeptin是由KISS1基因编码的蛋白产物,是下丘脑GnRH上游的主要调控因子,其不仅在中枢系统调控动物的生殖,而且也可在外周局部影响动物配子发生。然而,最近诸多研究证实Kisspeptin除了在动物繁殖方面起到重要的作用外,还对动物能量平衡、摄食、肥胖以及代谢性疾病等方面起到重要的调节作用。本文就Kisspeptin在中枢神经系统和外周组织器官调控动物机体的代谢进行了详细论述,重点阐明Kisspeptin与外周代谢激素互作对动物机体代谢影响的最新进展,并总结分析了Kisspeptin在调控动物代谢方面所面临的诸多问题,以期充分理解Kisspeptin在调节动物代谢中发挥的作用,为防治动物及人类代谢紊乱性疾病提供新策略。     

代谢综合征与肠道菌群的关系及 中药防治研究现状

代谢综合征系多种代谢紊乱汇集于一身,随着生活水平提高发病率逐年升高的一种疾病,已成为全球公共健康问题。随着现代医学发展,肠道菌群在宿主代谢调控中发挥的重要作用逐渐被研究者重视。本文分析了肠道菌群在代谢综合征发生、发展中的潜在调节作用及炎性反应、能量代谢、神经内分泌等可能的作用机制,总结了单味中药、中药提取物及中药复方通过影响肠道菌群改善代谢综合征的研究进展。在今后研究中应进一步探索与代谢综合征相关的特定菌属,挖掘中药有效成分及其作用本质,走出中医药防治代谢综合征的创新之路。     

硝态氮比色测定

硝态氮是植物从土壤中吸收的氮化物的主要形式。植物体内硝态氮含量的高低,不但影响到植物体内的氮素代谢,还会影响到植物营养生长和生殖生长的协调,甚至对分化和发育都有一定作用。在农业生产中,测定植物体内硝态氮含量,往往是确定施肥水平的重要指标。几年来,我们对各种测定植物体内硝态氮的方法进行比较后认为,     

下丘脑Kiss1神经元在能量代谢调节中的作用

代谢是机体生存和延续的基础,机体通过影响行为并诱发一系列的生理反应,调节代谢状态。能量代谢失衡可能导致机体消瘦或肥胖,甚至会造成生长发育和生殖功能的障碍等。因此,维持机体的能量平衡至关重要,而这一状态的维持受中枢神经系统的严格控制。中枢神经系统,特别是下丘脑,在调节机体生理功能和能量平衡中发挥着重要的作用。下丘脑Kisspeptin被认为在调节性腺轴、营养性发育和生殖中发挥重要作用。近些年来,关于其在能量代谢调控中的作用也引起广泛关注。本文将从能量摄入和能量消耗两个方面对下丘脑Kisspeptin在能量代谢调控中的作用进行综述,以期为防治因能量失衡诱发的代谢性疾病提供新的研究思路和依据。     

肠道菌群与代谢综合征相关性研究进展

最近的研究表明,肠道菌群通过影响宿主能量代谢、免疫系统和炎性反应,影响代谢综合征的发生和发展。本文对近年来肠道菌群变化与代谢综合征的相关性研究做一综述,以期为代谢综合征的研究和防治提供帮助。     

神经内分泌因子调控鱼类生殖和生长的相互作用

脊椎动物的生长与生殖活动有着密切的联系并相互作用。许多调节生长和代谢活动的内分泌因子对青春期或者性腺的发育产生影响。同样,调节生殖活动的许多激素亦同时对生长和代谢产生影响。近年来,我们和其他学者对鱼类生长和生殖的神经内分泌调节的相互作用进行了研究,主要的进展是：①在促进性腺的激素影响生长方面,发现促性腺激素释放激素（ＧｎＲＨ）和多巴胺都能和脑垂体生长激素细胞的特异性受体结合而刺激生长激素释放,并能     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).