下丘脑Kiss1神经元在能量代谢调节中的作用

代谢是机体生存和延续的基础,机体通过影响行为并诱发一系列的生理反应,调节代谢状态。能量代谢失衡可能导致机体消瘦或肥胖,甚至会造成生长发育和生殖功能的障碍等。因此,维持机体的能量平衡至关重要,而这一状态的维持受中枢神经系统的严格控制。中枢神经系统,特别是下丘脑,在调节机体生理功能和能量平衡中发挥着重要的作用。下丘脑Kisspeptin被认为在调节性腺轴、营养性发育和生殖中发挥重要作用。近些年来,关于其在能量代谢调控中的作用也引起广泛关注。本文将从能量摄入和能量消耗两个方面对下丘脑Kisspeptin在能量代谢调控中的作用进行综述,以期为防治因能量失衡诱发的代谢性疾病提供新的研究思路和依据。

The Role of Hypothalamic Kisspeptin Neurons in the Control of Energy Metabolism

Metabolism is fundamental to survive and perpetuation of the species. Organisms regulate metabolism through behavior and a series of physiological change. Negative energy balance (e.g. anorexia nervosa) or excessive energy deposits (e.g. obesity, diabetes) mainly caused by imbalance between energy intake and energy consumption. And, in severe cases, metabolic disorders impair growth and reproductive function. The central nervous system, especially the hypothalamus, is vital for regulating energy metabolism and balance. Hypothalamus Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss1 gene) have well-established roles in regulating reproductive axis and function. Recent evidence suggests that Kisspeptin signaling is critical for metabolism and energy balance. AVPV/PeN Kiss1 neurons send inhibitory GABAergic projections to the PVH and dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) as described. While, Arc Kiss1 neurons can release excitatory transmitter glutamate to PVH and DMH. And, Arc Kisspeptin directly excites POMC/CART neurons through mGluRs group I. In addition, Arc Kiss1 neurons inhibit Arc NPY/AgRP neurons through mGluRs group II/III or release inhibitory transmitters to Arc NPY/AgRP neurons by an indirect way. Besides, energy imbalance can stimulate the release of leptin and adiponectin from adipose tissue, insulin from pancreas and ghrelin from gastrointestinal tract. These peripheral metabolic factors can directly or indirectly stimulate Kiss1 neurons in hypothalamus. This review focuses on the metabolism function of Kisspeptin neurons in the energy input and energy expenditure, which provides important implications of Kisspeptin-based therapies for metabolic-related diseases.