瘤背石磺多糖提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化活性评价

采用传统的热水浸提法提取瘤背石磺多糖,运用响应面法优化多糖的提取工艺,并以粗多糖对其体外抗氧化活性作初步研究。通过单因素实验,探讨浸提温度、浸提时间、料液比对瘤背石磺多糖提取率的影响并选取实验水平,采用BoxBehnken设计实验方案,利用Design-Expert 8.05软件分析数据。通过清除羟基自由基和DPPH自由基的能力来检测多糖抗氧化性能。结果显示,最佳水提条件为浸提温度92℃、浸提时间30 h、料液比1∶29(g/m L),在最优工艺条件下瘤背石磺多糖的提取率为9.206%,瘤背石磺多糖对羟基自由基和DPPH自由基都具有一定的清除率。采用该方法优化提取多糖,合理可靠,为以后的工业化生产提供理论依据,且多糖具有明显的体外抗氧化活性。     

山楂多糖提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性研究

目的：优化热水浸提法提取山楂多糖的最佳工艺条件,并研究其结构和体外抗氧化活性。方法：在单因素试验的基础上,以水浴温度、水浴时间、料水比、冷浸时间为因素,通过正交试验设计优化其提取工艺;多糖经纯化后分别采用GPC、GC-MS分析其分子量和单糖组成,并通过对超氧自由、羟自由基、DPPH（1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼）自由基清除试验测定山楂多糖的抗氧化活性。结果：最佳提取条件为浸提温度90 ℃、浸提时间6 h、料水比1∶20、冷浸时间为13 h,此条件下提取的多糖经过纯化后,其分子量为5.59×104 Da,单糖含量比例（阿拉伯糖∶木糖∶甘露糖∶葡萄糖∶半乳糖）为1∶1∶28∶8∶12。经测定,多糖具有一定的超氧自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基体外清除能力,在0.5~2.5 mg/mL的浓度范围内,清除率分别为12.3%~37.9%、12.3%~40.9%、15.3%~42.6%,说明抗氧化活性较好。结论：本研究可为山楂资源的开发利用和山楂多糖的药理研究提供科学依据。     

乙醇浸提法提取大枣芦丁及其抗氧化性的研究

以大枣为原料,采用乙醇浸提法提取芦丁,以芦丁得率为评价指标,通过正交试验优化影响大枣芦丁得率的若干因素:液料比、乙醇浓度、浸提时间、浸提温度,确定其最佳工艺条件为液料比20∶1(mL∶g)、乙醇浓度60%、浸提时间3.0 h、浸提温度70℃,此条件下大枣芦丁得率为2.16%;大枣芦丁粗提物中芦丁含量为8.57%。对芦丁进行体外抗氧化能力测定结果表明,大枣芦丁具有一定的清除DPPH自由基的能力,5μg/mL的大枣芦丁对DPPH自由基的清除率可达到58.80%,25μg/mL的芦丁对OH自由基的清除率达49.80%,本研究对芦丁资源的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

荷叶黄酮对乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌抗氧化能力的协同作用研究北大核心CSCD

为研究荷叶黄酮对乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌抗氧化能力的影响,0.25 mg/m L的荷叶黄酮添加至培养基培养保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus A105)、动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium animalis B211),并提取细胞裂解液,依次从自由基清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力及抗氧化物质活性三方面评估其抗氧化能力。结果显示,0.25mg/m L的荷叶黄酮提高了动物双歧杆菌(54.9%)及保加利亚乳杆菌(14.8%)对O-·2清除能力;其对保加利亚乳杆菌清除DPPH自由基能力稍有提升,对动物双歧杆菌清除DPPH自由基能力稍有抑制;其对保加利亚乳杆菌抗脂质过氧化能力提升率达658%,具有显著的协同增效作用。同时发现:经添加0.25 mg/m L的荷叶黄酮至培养基后,动物双歧杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活及谷胱甘肽(GSH)活力得到显著的提高。结果表明,荷叶黄酮的添加对保加利亚乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌的抗氧化活性具有促进作用,且对保加利亚乳酸杆菌抗脂质过氧化能力具有明显的协同促进作用,可能与其胞内SOD酶活及GSH活力得到的显著的提升有关,具有潜在的应用价值。     

荷叶黄酮对乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌抗氧化能力的协同作用研究

为研究荷叶黄酮对乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌抗氧化能力的影响,0.25 mg/m L的荷叶黄酮添加至培养基培养保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus A105)、动物双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium animalis B211),并提取细胞裂解液,依次从自由基清除能力、抗脂质过氧化能力及抗氧化物质活性三方面评估其抗氧化能力。结果显示,0.25mg/m L的荷叶黄酮提高了动物双歧杆菌(54.9%)及保加利亚乳杆菌(14.8%)对O-·2清除能力;其对保加利亚乳杆菌清除DPPH自由基能力稍有提升,对动物双歧杆菌清除DPPH自由基能力稍有抑制;其对保加利亚乳杆菌抗脂质过氧化能力提升率达658%,具有显著的协同增效作用。同时发现:经添加0.25 mg/m L的荷叶黄酮至培养基后,动物双歧杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活及谷胱甘肽(GSH)活力得到显著的提高。结果表明,荷叶黄酮的添加对保加利亚乳酸杆菌和动物双歧杆菌的抗氧化活性具有促进作用,且对保加利亚乳酸杆菌抗脂质过氧化能力具有明显的协同促进作用,可能与其胞内SOD酶活及GSH活力得到的显著的提升有关,具有潜在的应用价值。     

纤维素酶提取楮实子多酚及其抗氧化性研究

以楮实子为原料,采用纤维素酶法研究楮实子多酚的提取工艺,以单因素实验(纤维素酶含量、浸提时间、液料比、浸提温度和p H)为依据,选取浸提时间、液料比、浸提温度和pH等4因素,以楮实子多酚提取率为指标,通过4因素3水平的Box-Behnken实验设计,优化了楮实子多酚提取的工艺参数,结果表明:浸提时间150 min、液料比35∶1 mL/g、浸提温度70℃、pH6.10,楮实子多酚提取率达到39.67 mg/g。并通过2种体外抗氧化实验(DPPH自由基清除力和铁氰化钾还原法),证明楮实子多酚具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

雪松松针多糖超声波酶法提取及其抗氧化性

为优化雪松松针多糖超声波酶法的提取工艺,并研究多糖结构及其抗氧化性。通过响应面法分析确定最佳提取参数为:3. 0 g松针粉末,液料比20∶1(m L∶g),提取温度80℃,超声功率560 W,超声时间47 min,纤维素酶用量12 FPU/g原料,提取两次,多糖得率高达10. 39%。采用高效液相色谱、红外光谱和核磁共振光谱等对松针多糖进行了结构表征,松针多糖以β-糖苷键为主要连接方式,并由葡萄糖、果糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖等单糖组成。体外抗氧化性研究结果表明:松针粗多糖对羟基自由基(·OH)和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力远高于纯化多糖,呈现出良好的量效关系,粗多糖对·OH和DPPH·的半抑制浓度IC50分别为0. 47 g/L和0. 076 g/L。     

响应面法优化黄参多糖的提取工艺及其体外抗氧化活性

探讨常规热水法提取黄参多糖的最佳工艺并研究了黄参多糖的生物活性。在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法对黄参多糖的提取工艺参数进行优化。响应面实验表明,提取时间、温度以及料液比对响应值黄参多糖提取率均有显著的影响,优化得到常规热水法提取黄参多糖的最佳工艺条件为:时间5.45 h,温度为75℃,料液比为1∶34(g/m L),提取3次,在此条件下多糖得率为12.52%。通过考察黄参多糖对DPPH自由基、·OH自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力以及对亚铁离子螯合作用和还原力,结果表明,黄参多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,值得进一步关注和对其进行深入研究。     

具高抗氧化能力乳酸菌菌株的筛选与鉴定

目的筛选抗氧化能力强的乳酸菌菌株并进行菌种鉴定。方法通过清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基、还原能力等实验,筛选出高抗氧化能力的乳酸菌菌株。运用16SrDNA序列分析方法,对抗氧化能力强的菌株进行鉴定。结果本研究筛选得到的抗氧化能力较强的菌株有长双歧杆菌NQ1501、La8、La5和保加利亚乳杆菌NQ2508,经16SrDNA鉴定和系统进化分析,La5鉴定为发酵乳杆菌(Lactobacillus fermentum),La8鉴定为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)。结论本研究筛选出四株具有高抗氧化活性的乳酸菌,分别为长双歧杆菌NQ1501、鼠李糖乳杆菌La8、发酵乳杆菌La5和保加利亚乳杆菌NQ2508。     

枸杞色素及多糖的不同提取次序对其得率及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究先后提取枸杞多糖及枸杞色素时对各自得率的影响。本研究通过分别考察这两种成分在提取过程中的提取溶剂、提取温度、料液比、提取次数及提取时间等因素对枸杞色素和枸杞多糖的得率影响,确定枸杞色素和枸杞多糖在提取次序不同时,两者的最佳提取工艺以及对DPPH·和·OH自由基清除率。结果表明,首先提取枸杞多糖后,枸杞色素的最佳提取工艺为采用正己烷,80℃时,料液比1∶10,提取2次,每次1 h,枸杞色素得率为2.48%,此时枸杞多糖得率为7.45%;而首先提取枸杞色素后,采用了超声辅助提取的方式提取枸杞多糖,发现超声效率为25%,料液比1∶10,提取20 min,枸杞多糖得率为5.23%,此时枸杞色素得率为3.93%。因此,首先提取枸杞多糖,使其平均得率为7.45%,而后提取枸杞色素,其平均得率为2.48%;总体上,枸杞色素1和枸杞多糖1对DPPH·自由基清除率都较高,枸杞多糖1对·OH自由基清除率较高,其抗氧化活性都接近Vc。     

酪酸菌对肠道有益菌的增殖作用和共生关系研究

目的通过体外液体培养证明,酪酸菌能与双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪链球菌这些肠道有益菌共生.方法在双歧杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和粪链球菌的培养基中,加入1/3比例的酪酸菌发酵提取物,进行室温培养24 h.结果3种菌的活菌含量分别比对照组提高了24.00%、42.57%和6.76%.结论表明酪酸菌对肠道有益菌具有增殖作用.     

Rapid identification of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in probiotic products using multiplex PCR

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are beneficial for the gastrointestinal tract and reinforce immunity in human health. Recently, many functional products using the lactic acid bacteria have been developed. Among these LAB, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum are frequently used for probiotic products. In order to monitor these LAB in commercial probiotic products, a multiplex PCR method was developed. We designed four species-specific primer pairs for multiplex PCR from the 16S rRNA, 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region, and 23S rRNA genes in Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium longum, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Using these primer pairs, 4 different LAB were detected with high specificity in functional foods. We suggest that the multiplex PCR method developed in this study would be an efficient tool for simple, rapid, and reliable identification of LAB used as probiotic strains.     

A differential medium for lactic acid-producing bacteria in a mixed culture

Aims:  Modified deMan-Rogosa Sharpe agar containing bromophenol blue (mMRS-BPB) was tested as a medium for counting and differentiation of each lactic acid-producing bacterium (LAB), especially in a mixed culture.
Methods and Results:  Type strains of 10 LAB species ( Lactobacillus acidophilus , L. brevis , L. bulgaricus , L. gasseri , L. paracasei , L. plantarum , L. reuteri , Weissella confusa , Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. infantis ) and five commercial yogurts were inoculated on plate count agar with bromocresol purple, mMRS, and mMRS-BPB. Each type strain showed more clearly formed colonies on the three media under anaerobic conditions than under aerobic conditions. Especially each type strain produced colonies with specific characteristics of each species on mMRS-BPB. Commercial yogurts produced the largest number of colonies with various shapes and colours on mMRS-BPB.
Conclusions:  Modified deMan-Rogosa Sharpe agar containing bromophenol blue under anaerobic conditions is appropriate for counting and differentiating each LAB in a mixed culture.
Significance and Impact of the Study:  Modified deMan-Rogosa Sharpe agar containing bromophenol blue will be useful in isolation and enumeration of each LAB from fermented foods as well as intestinal microflora.     

Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon.

A total of 154 strains from 22 species of Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, and Fusobacterium, which are present in high concentrations in the human colon, were surveyed for their ability to ferment 21 different complex carbohydrates. Plant polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, pectin, polygalacturonate, xylan, laminarin, guar gum, locust bean gum, gum ghatti, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth, were fermented by some strains from Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium species. Porcine gastric mucin, which was fermented by some strains of Ruminococcus torques and Bifidobacterium bifidum, was the only mucin utilized by any of the strains tested.     

Fermentation of mucins and plant polysaccharides by anaerobic bacteria from the human colon

A total of 154 strains from 22 species of Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, and Fusobacterium, which are present in high concentrations in the human colon, were surveyed for their ability to ferment 21 different complex carbohydrates. Plant polysaccharides, including amylose, amylopectin, pectin, polygalacturonate, xylan, laminarin, guar gum, locust bean gum, gum ghatti, gum arabic, and gum tragacanth, were fermented by some strains from Bifidobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Ruminococcus, and Eubacterium species. Porcine gastric mucin, which was fermented by some strains of Ruminococcus torques and Bifidobacterium bifidum, was the only mucin utilized by any of the strains tested.     

响应面法优化玫瑰茄粗多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化活性的研究

利用响应面法优化玫瑰茄粗多糖的提取工艺条件,测定粗多糖的抗氧化活性。按照Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,以玫瑰茄粗多糖的得率为响应值,在单因素试验的基础上,进行响应面分析试验,考察料液比、提取时间和提取温度对得率的影响。玫瑰茄粗多糖最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶26 (g/mL)、提取时间3.1 h、提取温度90℃,在该最优条件下所得玫瑰茄粗多糖的得率为14.41%,与预测值接近;玫瑰茄粗多糖对DPPH、羟基、超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作用。研究结果为玫瑰茄粗多糖的研究、开发和利用提供了理论基础。     

Predominant genera of fecal microbiota in children with atopic dermatitis are not altered by intake of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07

The effect of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 on the composition of the Lactobacillus group, Bifidobacterium and the total bacterial population in feces from young children with atopic dermatitis was investigated. The study included 50 children randomized to intake of one of the probiotic strain or placebo. Microbial composition was characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, quantitative PCR and, in a subset of subjects, by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The core population of the Lactobacillus group was identified as Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus oris, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, while the bifidobacterial community included Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum. The fecal numbers of L. acidophilus and B. lactis increased significantly after intervention, indicating survival of the ingested bacteria. The levels of Bifidobacterium correlated positively (P=0.03), while the levels of the Lactobacillus group negatively (P=0.01) with improvement of atopic eczema evaluated by the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis index. This correlation was observed across the whole study cohort and not attributed to the probiotic intake. The main conclusion of the study is that administration of L. acidophilus NCFM and B. lactis Bi-07 does not affect the composition and diversity of the main bacterial populations in feces.     

日本虫草子实体多糖抗氧化及免疫调节作用

为明确日本虫草子实体多糖（CJPs）的抗氧化活性及免疫调节作用,本研究以子实体为原料,采用热水浸提法得多糖,通过对ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、·OH自由基清除能力评价CJPs的体外抗氧化活性;探讨CJPs对氢化可的松诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用。结果表明,CJPs对ABTS、DPPH、·OH自由基均有明显的清除效果,且存在量效关系,IC₅₀分别为0.165、0.098、0.253mg/mL;灌胃CJPs的小鼠与模型组相比,免疫器官指数、巨噬细胞吞噬指数、血清中细胞因子水平、免疫球蛋白含量均有所提高,脾脏中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和酸性磷酸酶（ACP）的活力显著增强（P<0.05或P<0.01）。该研究表明CJPs是一种潜在的抗氧化剂,并能显著提高免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能,为其进一步研究和应用提供了科学依据。