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《蛇志》2019,(2)
目的探讨金枝蛇伤药酒抗5种蛇毒与4种细菌的效果。方法采用鲎试剂试管凝集反应法检测金枝蛇伤药酒对蝰蛇、竹叶青蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇、蝮蛇蛇毒的抗毒效果,采用滤纸片法检测金枝蛇伤药酒对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、粪肠球菌的抑制效果。结果金枝蛇伤药酒浓度为1.0ml/ml时,可抑制以上5种蛇毒;浓度为0.5ml/ml时,可抑制五步蛇、竹叶青蛇、眼镜蛇蛇毒;浓度为0.3ml/ml时,仅能抑制五步蛇蛇毒;浓度为0.1ml/ml时,无抑制作用。金枝蛇伤药酒对金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌抑制作用较强,对大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌也有一定的抑制作用。结论金枝蛇伤药酒有较好的抗蛇毒与抗菌的作用。 相似文献
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蛇毒与细胞因子研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
全世界共有蛇类2500余种,其中毒蛇约650余种,估计每年被毒蛇咬伤的人数在30万以上,死亡率约为10%。我国蛇类有160余种,其中毒蛇约有50余种。剧毒、危害剧大的有10种,如眼镜蛇王、金环蛇、眼镜蛇、五步蛇、银环蛇、蝰蛇、蝮蛇、竹叶青、烙铁头、海蛇等,咬伤后能致人于死亡。我国两广地区蛇害严重,每年蛇咬伤的发病率约为25/10000。蛇毒的成分比较复杂.主要由蛋白质、多肽类和多种酶类组成。蛇毒对机体的作用比较复杂,按其有毒成分的毒理作用可分为神经毒、血循环毒和混合毒三类。银环蛇、金环蛇、海蛇的蛇毒主要含神经毒,其主要作用特点为通过多种不同的方式阻断神经一肌肉接头的冲动传递而导致呼吸肌麻痹,是蛇伤致死的主要原因;蝰蛇、五步蛇、烙铁头和竹叶青的蛇毒主要含血循环毒,包括心脏毒、凝血毒、溶血毒、蛋白水解酶、透明质酸酶等;眼镜王蛇等蛇毒属于混合毒,此类蛇毒既含神经毒成分,又含血循环毒成分。 相似文献
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毒蛇咬伤病人的血小板聚集功能初探 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
目的为了探讨血液毒及混合毒类毒蛇咬伤病人的血小板功能情况,了解临床中毒发病机理。方法对近年来在本院急诊科确诊的五步蛇(Da.),蝮蛇(Ah.),眼镜蛇(Nn.),眼镜王蛇(Oh.),蝰蛇(Vr.),烙铁头(Tm.)和竹叶青(Ts.)等各种血液毒及混合毒类毒蛇咬伤17例病人25个血样,进行最大血小板聚集率(MAR)的检查和分析研究。结果除了Da未见MAR下降外(仅1例1个样品),其余各蛇种咬伤的样品均有下降。在获得未经治疗(抗蛇毒血清)的15个样品的检查结果中,进行统计分析,Vr、Tm以及Ah的MAR比正常人对照组(51.3±16.0)%明显下降。结论蛇毒中的血小板集聚抑制因子,可引起蛇伤患者体内血小板聚集功能下降,血小板处于无用状态,结果有些蛇伤病人DIC样综合征时出现严重出血而无明显微循环血栓形成致器官受损的临床症状。 相似文献
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对磐安县1973年 ̄1985年的蛇伤流行病学进行了回顾性调查。普查了全国2个国营林场、1个农场、356个行政村屯。13年累计人口2412884人,其中蛇伤数为735人次(男546人次,女189人次),死亡10人。年平均发病数56.54人,发病率为29.7/万,年均病死0.77人,病死率为1.77%,死亡率为0.037/万。各种致伤蛇种数高低依次是蛇蛇、竹叶青蛇、五步蛇、眼镜蛇、银环蛇、烙铁头蛇等。 相似文献
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In this study we explored electrophoretic profiles, enzymatic activities and immunoreactivity of neonate and adult venoms from two snakes (Naja atra and Deinagkistrodon acutus) coexisting in southeastern China. Age-related variation in electrophoretic profiles was found in both species and proteolytic and fibrinogenolytic activity was higher in neonate than adult venoms. Neonate D. acutus venom had higher 5' nucleotidase, PLA2, hyaluronidase and gelatinolytie activity, but lower esterolytic activity, than adult venom. Neonate and adult D. acutus venoms showed identical phosphomonoesterase, LAO and fibrinolytic activities. Neonate N. atra venom had higher phosphomonoesterase and LAO activity, but lower 5' nucleotidase, PLA2, hyaluronidase and Ache activities than adult venom. Neonate and adult N. atra venoms showed similar gelatinolytic activity. Further, age-dependent immunoreactivity was found in both species, and cross-reactions between homologous venoms and antiserums were closely related to venom composition. We speculate that age-related variation in venom characteristics is possibly driven by evolutionary forces associated with ontogenetic shifts in dietary habits, competition and predation pressure. 相似文献
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眼镜蛇毒对大鼠脊髓和脊神经节一氧化氮合酶表达的影响 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
目的 观察眼镜蛇毒对脊髓和脊神经节一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响。方法 将眼镜蛇毒注入大鼠右侧大腿后部,采用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH.d)法显示NOS的表达。结果 在眼镜蛇毒注射组,脊髓和脊神经节内的NOS阳性神经元和深染NOS阳性神经元明显多于注入生理盐水组和正常对照组。结论 注入眼镜蛇毒能上调大鼠脊髓和脊神经节NOS表达。 相似文献
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眼镜蛇毒对大鼠延髓一氧化氮合酶表达的影响 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
目的 探讨眼镜蛇毒对大鼠延髓某些核团一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响。方法 采用还原型尼克酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)方法,观察大鼠延髓某些核团NOS阳性神经元在眼镜蛇毒中毒组、生理盐水组、正常对照组的变化。结果 蛇毒组大鼠延髓的中缝大核,外侧网状核NOS阳性神经元比对照组表达增强。结论 眼镜蛇毒对延髓的NOS阳性神经元表达有上调作用。 相似文献
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中华眼镜蛇蛇毒经DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B。HPLC等多次柱层析分离出有抗补体及溶血活性的眼镜蛇蛇毒因子(Cobra venom factor,CVF),纯化后的CVF在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳图谱上呈单一区带,分子量为225000—230000,等电点为6.20。用二硫苏糖醇还原经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳得三类亚基,其分子量总和为237,000。 体外抗补体及溶血试验表明,CVF的作用是通过补体旁路途经使总补体活力下降。双向免疫电泳鉴定,发现CVF与人血清作用后,其中补体成分C_3分子的抗原性发生改变,则表明CVF的作用是通过激活补体成分C_3而发挥的。给豚鼠腹腔注射CVF(0.15ug/g体重)后,其血清总补体水平下降到正常值的3%以下,7天后回升,13天后恢复到正常水平。 单相免疫电泳表明,CVF与人补体C_3抗血清间无任何交叉免疫反应,但人血清与CVF抗血清间有微弱的免疫沉淀反应。另外,CVF的氨基酸组成与人补体C_3也较为相似。鉴定还表明眼镜蛇科中四种蛇毒与CVF抗血清有强烈的免疫沉淀反应,蝰蛇毒及海蛇毒也有免疫沉淀反应,但只有眼镜蛇毒具有抗补体活性。 相似文献
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J Siigur U Arum?e T Neuman E Siigur M Saarma 《Comparative biochemistry and physiology. B, Comparative biochemistry》1987,87(2):329-334
1. Pure monoclonal antibodies to Vipera lebetina venom nerve growth factor have been isolated by affinity chromatography using CNBr-agarose bound antigen. 2. Nerve growth factors from ten snake venoms (Vipera lebetina, Vipera russellii, Vipera berus berus, Vipera ursini, Echis carinatus, Agkistrodon halys, Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja oxiana, Naja naja, Naja naja atra) were purified using monoclonal antibodies against NGF linked to BrCN-activated agarose. 相似文献
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Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) were isolated and purified from the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra) and several snake species of the same or different genera by semipreparative cation-exchange and reversed-phase HPLC. They were shown to possess different enzymatic activity toward the synthetic substrate L-alpha-lecithin by the fatty-acid titration method. The immunological cross-reactivity of these structurally similar isotoxins was investigated using immunodiffusion, precipitin reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PLA2 from the venoms of the same species such as the Taiwan cobra (Naja naja atra) and the Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) showed a high degree of antigenic resemblance whereas no immunoreactivity was observed among those PLA2 from different genera. Quantitative immunoreactivity assays by ELISA revealed the partial cross-reactivity between the antibody against PLA2 of Taiwan cobra and those isoenzymes from snakes of remotely-related species. The immunological relatedness between PLA2 of the representative snake species of different genera and families is shown to be correlated with the extent of sequence homology among these enzymes. 相似文献