P53，Rb和c－myc基因在人脑原发性肿瘤中的转录表达

采用ＲＮＡ斑点杂交分析,对２１测人脑原发性胶质瘤和１１例人脑膜瘤中ｐ５３,Ｒｂ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因转录水平的表达进行研究,发现４８．４％的肿瘤中ｐ５３基因表达减弱,２１．９％的肿瘤中Ｒｂ基因表达减弱;７１．９％的肿瘤中ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强,在ｐ５３基因表达减弱的１５例病例中有１３例（８０％）ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强,结果表明,ｐ５３基因表达减弱和ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达增强与人脑原发性肿瘤的发生有关。     

口腔鳞癌中c-myc、c-erbB2、p16和p53mRNA的表达及意义

目的探讨口腔鳞癌中癌基因c]myc、c-erbB2和抗癌基因p16、p53四种基因mRNA的表达及其作用.方法用原位杂交和图像分析相结合的方法对30例口腔鳞癌和5例正常口腔粘膜中癌基因c-myc、c-erbB2和抗癌基因p16、p53的mRNA表达进行了定性、定位和定量研究.结果口腔鳞癌中c-myc、c-erbB2、p16和p53四种基因的mRNA表达率依次为83.3%、70%、93.3%和80%;统计分析发现,这四种基因的mRNA表达在不同性别、肿瘤部位、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润或转移状况、复发性间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05);c-myc和p16 mRNA表达间具有明显的相关性(P＜0.001).结论c-myc、c-erbB2、p53和p16这四种癌基因或抗癌基因的mRNA表达在口腔鳞癌发生发展中都具有重要作用,c-myc和p16 mRNA表达间具有一定的内在联系.     

人脑原发性肿瘤癌基因扩增和重排的研究

作者对52例人脑原发性肿瘤和5例正常人脑DNA中c-myc、L-myc、Nmyc、erbB、c-fos、sis及Ha-ras等七种癌基因的扩增和重排进行了研究,发现多数胶质瘤中有c-myc、L-myc、erbB及c-fos等癌基因的扩增,少数胶质瘤和脑膜瘤中发现myc家族癌基因的限制性酶切区带位置有多态性变化;同时还观察到原发性脑瘤中存在两种或两种以上癌基因的扩增和重排现象。作者对癌基因与人脑原发性肿瘤的关系进行了讨论。     

增强p53、p21及抑制c-myc表达对MCF-7细胞增殖的协同抑制作用

为了探讨增强p53、p21基因表达水平和降低c-myc基因表达水平对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7增殖的协同抑制作用,以及这些基因对细胞产生效应时的相互关系,本研究中首先构建了正义的p53、p21和反义的c-myc3种真核细胞表达载体,并根据析因实验设计三种载体不同剂量组合。按照组合用质粒转染细胞,然后对转染细胞的增殖抑制率进行检测,并采用金正均Q值法、单因素方差分析中的LSD法、聚类分析法等统计学方法对结果进行统计分析。结果显示,不同量的p53、p21反义c-myc对MCF-7细胞的增殖均有抑制作用,抑制的程度各基因间存在差异。在各基因组合中,p21与反义c-myc,p53与反义c-myc联用具有协同作用,对MCF-7细胞的增殖产生更强的抑制,而p53与p21之间未显示出协同作用。对三基因协同结果进行聚类分析后,发现第一类组合协同作用最明显,第九类组合的抑制率最高。由此推测,作为抑癌基因的p53或CDK抑制基因p21高表达,同时原癌基因c-myc表达受到抑制,可相互协同显著增强对MCF-7细胞增殖的抑制作用。     

人类p53和c-myc同源基因在玉米颖果发育过程中的表达

肿瘤抑制基因p53和原癌基因c-myc已被证明在动物中高度保守并参与许多PCD过程。这两个基因编码的同源蛋白及其RNA在玉米中的存在已有报道,并且其DNA同源序列已利用荧光原位杂交定位在玉米相应的染色体上。利用免疫组织化学方法探测了与人类p53和c-myc基因同源的玉米基因在玉米颖果发育过程中的时空表达模式。结果发现,在授粉后的一定阶段,在反足细胞、珠被、未成熟的胚乳、予房壁、导管组织和糊粉层中,p53同源基因表达强烈,c-myc同源基因的表达相反,在授粉后的这些组织中基本不表达,而在授粉前的中央细胞的极核中表达水平较高。TUNEL检测显示,在p53同源基因呈现高水平表达的地方,DNA断裂信号强烈。在动物细胞中,p53和c-myc起相反的调节作用,这与其同源基因在玉米中的作用模式相似。由此说明p53和c-myc同源基因可能在玉米颖果发育PCD过程中起重要作用,并进一步推论高等植物PCD和动物细胞凋亡存在一定的保守性机制。     

维甲酸对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响

目的:研究维甲酸对人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响,以探索其对成骨肉瘤细胞的生物学效应.方法:以1μmol/L维甲酸处理人成骨肉瘤MG-63细胞,生长曲线测定,流式细胞仪分析、光镜观察和免疫细胞化学检测等研究维甲酸对MG-63细胞的生长曲线、细胞周期和相关癌基因、抑癌基因表达的影响,并对其作用机理进行初步分析.结果:维甲酸处理7天后,MG-63细胞生长抑制率达到42.2%,G0/G1期比例达到61.8%,细胞形态铺展,排列趋于规则,癌基因c-myc、c-fos的表达降低.而抑癌基因Rb、p27表达上调.结论:1μmol/L维甲酸可以有效抑制细胞的增殖活动,改变细胞恶性形态特征,下调癌基因c-myc、c-fos和上调抑癌基因Rb、p27的表达,从而对人成骨肉瘤细胞分化具有诱导作用.     

维甲酸对SK-N-SH细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响

目的:研究维甲酸对SK-N-SH细胞的增殖和相关基因表达的影响.方法:通过苔盼蓝排除法绘制细胞生长曲线、流式细胞技术测定细胞周期、HE染色光镜观察细胞形态改变以及SABC免疫细胞化学梁色法观察维甲酸对SK-N-SH相关癌基因、抑癌基因表达的影响.结果:1μmol/LRA处理后,SK-N-SH细胞的增殖活动受到明显的抑制,处理第7天抑制率达36.16%;周期测定显示处理后出现明显的G0/G1期阻滞,由对照组的49.7%增加至62.7%,增加了26.2%;免疫细胞化学染色结果显示,处理后细胞癌基因c-myc、c-fos的表达较对照组明显降低,而抑癌基因p53、p27的表达则有所加强.结论:维甲酸能有效抑制SK-N-SH细胞的增殖活动,其对细胞的增殖抑制作用与RA下调c-myc、c-fos等癌基因以及上调p53、p27等抑癌基因的表达有关.     

抗癌基因──p53和Rb基因甲基化的研究进展

介绍p53和Rb基因甲基比研究的最新进展.CpG序列是DNA甲基化和基因突变的频发位点.p53和Rb基因的CpG序列易发生甲基化.其高度甲基化可能与基因功能失活有关,从而丧失抑制细胞增殖的功能,可能为肿瘤等发生的重要原因之一.     

人脑原发性肺瘤癌基因的研究——Southern吸印杂交分析

用c-myc、Ha-ras、v-sis及v-erbB四种癌基因为分子探针,对8例人脑原发性肿瘤和两例正常人脑DNA进行Southern吸印杂交分析。结果显示:以c-myc基因为探针进行分子杂交时,所有被检测肿瘤和正常对照都可见一条相同的10.0kb(HindⅢ酶切)人c-myc基因区带。其中一例室管膜瘤和一例脑膜瘤还出现另一条异常的7.0kb(HindⅢ酶切)c-myc基因区带。斑点杂交结果表明,上述两例肿瘤中有c-myc基因的扩增(2—8倍),同时还具有erbB基因的扩增(8倍)。Ha-ras及v-sis基因杂交,未见异常区带。上述结果提示室管膜瘤和脑膜瘤的发生可能与c-myc基因的激活有关;c-myc基因的异常变化与erbB基因扩增同时出现,可能为癌基因之间的协同作用提供证据。     

小鼠Friend细胞诱导分化过程中c-myc和P~(53)基因表达与终端分化

本文观察了DMF,DMSO和HMBA对小鼠Friend细胞(MELC)诱导分化及TPA抑制分化过程中c-myc和P~(53)基因表达与终端分化的关系。MELC被5 mmol/L HMBA诱导分化后分别在1小时和4小时P~(53)与c-myc表达急剧下降,诱导2天,5天联苯胺阳性率和β-珠蛋白基因表达明显升高,c-myc和p~(53)基因表达仍维持在很低水平,同时G_1期细胞百分数增加。低浓度TPA明显抑制HMBA诱导分化效应,β-珠蛋白基因表达被抑制,但c-myc和P~(53)基因表达仍处于低水平,看来与增殖有关的c-myc和P~(53)表达之降低并不能直接导致分化基因的表达。     

Comparative study of the expression of Rb and p53 genes in human colorectal cancers,colon carcinoma cell lines and synchronized human fibroblasts

We have compared the expression of the retinoblastoma (Rb) and p53 genes in normal human fibroblasts, colon carcinoma cell lines, matched pairs of colorectal tumor tissues and adjacent normal mucosa and in synchronized human diploid fibroblast cell line W138. The increased expression of Rb and p53 RNA was observed in a majority of colorectal cancers in comparison to adjacent normal mucosa and is accompanied by proportional increase in the expression of histone H3 gene. The Rb and p53 RNA levels varied significantly between the various colon carcinoma cell lines. However, we found that the expression of Rb and p53 RNA is regulated differently in cell cycle synchronized normal human fibroblasts. The Rb mRNA level did not change with the position in the cell cycle and did not differ significantly whether the cells were serum deprived or in 10% serum. But p53 mRNA expression follows the same pattern as histone H3 mRNA.     

Analysis of the expression of the oncogene c-myc in human breast adenocarcinoma

The c-myc oncogene was characterized and its expression analyzed in 32 mammary adenocarcinomas and in 2 benign breast tumors from 34 untreated patients. Southern blot hybridization experiments have demonstrated the amplification of the oncogene (3 to 30 fold) in 3 carcinomas. The analysis of total RNA by Northern blot revealed the presence of a 2.4 kb c-myc RNA band. In 7 out of 10 carcinomas from patients with 3 or more than 3 lymph node metastases the level of c-myc expression evaluated by dot blot analysis was 4 to 14 fold greater than that of normal human tissues. In only 5 out of 22 carcinomas from patients without lymph node metastases or less than 3 invaded nodes the level of c-myc expression was also higher (4 to 10 fold). The level of c-myc expression was not significantly enhanced in the 2 benign tumors. It is suggested that the c-myc gene activation could be associated to a higher degree of malignancy of mammary carcinomas.     

Loss of heterozygosity of the p53 gene and deregulated expression of its mRNA and protein in human brain tumors

Tumor-specific alterations at the p53 gene locus were analyzed in 40 human brain tumor samples. Gliomas were more prevalent in young males and meningiomas in old females. Structural changes at the intron 1 region of the p53 gene were analyzed in these tumors by Southern blotting. Among the 40 tumors, 33 were informative and 21 of these (63.6%) informative cases showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH). This is the first report showing LOH at the intron 1 region of p53 gene in human brain tumors. The level of p53 mRNA, p53 protein and Ser 392 phosphorylated p53 protein were also analyzed in all tumor samples. Normal sized p53 mRNA and protein were present in all the tumor samples; however, their levels were 1.5- to 4-fold higher compared to the control suggesting deregulated p53 pathway in these tumors. No correlation was found between LOH status and the levels of p53 mRNA and protein. In all high-grade glioblastomas majority of the p53 protein existed as Ser 392 phosphorylated form as compared to low-grade gliomas. In addition, the percentage of Ser 392 phosphorylated form of p53 protein was lower in meningiomas and other brain tumor types irrespective of tumor grade. These results suggest involvement of Ser 392 phosphorylated form of p53 protein during the later stages of glioma development. These results also indicate that deregulation of p53 gene could occur at various steps in p53 pathway and suggest an overall deregulation of p53 gene in most brain tumor types.     

脑胶质瘤组织中p16基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化检测及其临床意义研究

目的：研究脑胶质瘤中p16基因启动子区甲基化情况及其临床意义。方法：用甲基化特异性PCR技术检测42例脑胶质瘤组织和癌旁正常脑组织中p16基因启动子甲基化,并分析该基因启动子甲基化与临床病理特征之间的关系。结果：脑胶质瘤组织中p16基因异常甲基化率（38.27%）显著高于癌旁正常脑组织中p16基因的异常甲基化率（8.8%,P=0.000）。发生甲基化的肿瘤组织或者正常脑组织中p16基因mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低。此外,p16基因异常甲基化和肿瘤病理分级有相关性（P=0.007）,而与患者性别、年龄及肿瘤类型等临床特征无关（P=0.669,0.869和0.944）。结论：p16基因启动子区CpG岛高甲基化与p16表达下调相关,推测p16启动子区CpG岛高甲基化是导致p16基因在脑胶质瘤中表达下调的重要因素,有望成为脑胶质瘤早期辅助诊断的分子标志物之一。     

小檗胺衍生物（EBB）体外抑制肺癌细胞增殖机制的初探

本文研究并发现了新型半天然钙调素(CaM)拮抗剂--O-4-乙氧基丁基小檗胺(O-4-ethoxy-butyl-berbamine,EBB),具有选择性抑制肺巨细胞癌(PG)的增殖和降低细胞内CaM水平的能力,对人胚肺细胞(HEL)的增殖和细胞内CaM的水平影响较小.同时观察到EBB引起肿瘤细胞内CaM水平降低的原因,是对CaM基因的转录产物(mRNA)和翻译产物(CaM)两方面作用的结果.此外,EBB还能部分降低PG细胞内原癌基因和突变的抑癌基因转录产物mRNA的水平.EBB抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的机制,除了对CaM基因的表达水平和CaM活性调控外,可能还直接或间接地影响了相关的原癌基因和突变的抑癌基因的表达.     

Allelic expression of the putative tumor suppressor gene p73 in human fetal tissues and tumor specimens

p73, a proposed tumor suppressor, shares significant amino acid sequence homology with p53. However, p73 is rarely mutated in tumors but it has been suggested that p73 is monoallelically expressed in some tissues. This latter feature would predispose p73 to gene inactivation because a single genetic 'hit' or the loss of the expressed parental allele would leave the cell without p73 activity. We examined the allelic expression of p73 in normal fetal tissues and in ovarian cancer and Wilms' tumor. We found that p73 was biallelically expressed in all fetal tissues, except in brain, where differential expression of the two parental alleles was observed. Biallelic expression of p73 was also observed in paired samples of ovary cancer and Wilms' tumor. Loss of heterozygosity of p73 occurred at relatively low rates in tumors: one of 11 informative samples (9.1%) of ovarian cancer and two of 19 (10.1%) Wilms' tumors. These data demonstrate that p73 is biallelically expressed in most tissues, thus excluding genomic imprinting as a molecular mechanism to predispose to allelic inactivation of p73 in human tumors.