不同甘蓝型油菜高含油量种质资源的脂肪酸成分分析

甘蓝型油菜是我国最为重要的油料作物之一.目前我国面临着植物油严重不足的局面.提高含油量是目前甘蓝型油菜育种的主要方向之一.目前.我国育种工作者已经筛选出了大量含油量超过50%的甘蓝型油菜种质.本文对两种类型的高含油量甘蓝型油菜种质进行了脂肪酸组分分析,结果显示芥酸含量高的种质和芥酸含量低的种质的脂肪酸在菜籽油中变化范围和平均值明显不同.油酸和亚油酸在低芥酸高含油量甘蓝型油菜种质中的含量较高,约占整个油分的80%左右,其他脂肪酸组分则在10%以下;而芥酸则是高芥酸高含油量种质的最主要的成分,约占整个油分的44%左右,油酸、亚油酸等的含量则均在10%左右.相关性分析表明:芥酸和其他脂肪酸之间呈现显著负相关,因此.可以通过降低高芥酸油菜种质中的芥酸含量来提高比如油酸和亚油酸的含量.从而使这些种质的油分更适合人类的健康.     

羽衣甘蓝种子主要品质性状的表现及其相关性

随机挑选148份羽衣甘蓝种质资源和高世代材料,分析了成熟种子的含油量、蛋白质、硫苷和7种主要脂肪酸成分的表现特征及其相关性。结果表明:羽衣甘蓝成熟种子平均含油量为29.48%,平均蛋白质含量为45.13%,含油量和蛋白质总量为74.61%。硫苷含量的变幅最大,变异系数为31.72%。7种主要脂肪酸成分中,油酸和芥酸的含量较高,其次为亚油酸,棕榈酸和硬脂酸的含量较低。除硫苷含量和硬脂酸含量外,其余9个性状的表现均呈单峰正态分布。相关性分析表明,大多数性状间都具有显著或极显著的相关性,这与对甘蓝型、白菜型和芥菜型3种类型油菜的研究结果相一致。在羽衣甘蓝中存在一些优异的种质资源,通过筛选可以在油菜优质育种中加以利用。     

莱菔子脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

采用索氏提取法提取莱菔(Raphanussativus)种子中的脂肪酸成分,进行甲酯化处理后用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离和鉴定脂肪酸成分的组成和含量。结果表明,从莱菔子中共分离鉴定出12种脂肪酸成分,占总量的99.32%,主要包括芥酸(32.47%)、油酸(29.07%)、亚油酸(9.45%)、亚麻酸(8.41%)、棕榈酸(4.31%)和硬脂酸(2.08%)等脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占9.25%,不饱和脂肪酸高达90.07%。     

杜仲种仁化学成分研究

对杜仲种仁中油脂含量、理化性质、脂肪酸组成、蛋白质的氨基酸组成以及粗蛋白、粗纤维、淀粉、灰分等成分进行了分析.杜仲种仁中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别为23.59%、40.63%和13.25%.杜仲油的不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90.6%,其中亚麻酸含量为66%,碘值和皂化值分别为180.5和182.7.种仁中含有18种氨基酸,其中人体必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的32.3%.     

杨梅核脂肪酸及蜡质成分分析

采用GC-MS联用技术,对杨梅(Myrica rubra)核中的脂肪酸及蜡质成分进行了分析.结果表明,杨梅核中脂肪酸和蜡质的总含量为31.10%,其中含有8种脂肪酸和3种长链烷烃,主要为棕榈酸(C16:0)28.22%、亚油酸(C182)14.4%、顺式-油酸(C18:1)25.74%、芥酸(C22:1)15.68%、十七烷5.2%、十八烷5.87%和十九烷4.71%,是一种优质和价廉的脂肪酸来源.     

云南漾濞娘青核桃果仁主要营养评价

测定娘青核桃坚果及果仁的主要营养成分,并对油脂脂肪酸和蛋白质氨基酸进行综合评价,以期为娘青核桃加工利用提供科学依据。在娘青核桃主产区采集样品,对果仁主要内含营养物质脂肪酸、氨基酸、矿质元素等进行测量分析。娘青核桃果仁粗脂肪含量为60.6%,油脂SFA∶MUFA∶PUFA为1∶4∶7。蛋白质含量为20.8%,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为34.14。通过对粗脂肪、蛋白质、矿物质元素、脂肪酸等营养成分分析,亚油酸、亚麻酸的比例符合健康食用油的标准,蛋白质含量较高,在精深加工方面具有很高的利用价值。     

菘蓝种子脂肪酸的GC-MS分析

目的:分析菘蓝种子中的脂肪酸。方法:分别利用索氏提取法,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术,计算机检索和人工解析对菘蓝种子中的脂肪酸进行分析和鉴定。结果:鉴定了11种脂肪酸成分。结论:菘蓝种子中脂肪酸成分主要是亚麻酸(24．72%)、芥酸(23．9%)、油酸(19．11%)和亚油酸(10．76%)。     

变温对破囊壶菌FJN-10脂肪酸组分和蛋白质组的影响

[目的]以破囊壶菌Thraustochytrium sp.FJN-10为研究对象,研究不同培养温度和变温条件对菌体生物量、油脂含量、脂肪酸组分、关键基因转录以及蛋白质组的影响。[方法]通过摇瓶实验测定干重研究菌株的生长,提取油脂并经液相色谱分析脂肪酸组分;荧光定量PCR和二维电泳研究脂肪酸合成途径关键的碳链延长酶、脱饱和酶的转录水平和蛋白质的差异表达。[结果]28℃培养时,生物量达13.6 g/L,DHA占总脂肪酸含量达32.41%;15℃培养时,生物量为9.8 g/L,DHA占总脂肪酸含量达56.08%。变温培养下生物量最高可达13.9 g/L、油脂含量及DHA含量在较高的水平。28℃降至15℃时,△4脱饱和酶和△6延长酶基因基因的转录分别提高了3.9和2.5倍。[结论]变温条件下菌株生物量在11.8~13.6 g/L,菌体稳定期延长,DHA的含量可达45%以上。可为今后DHA的产业化提供基础数据。     

蛇油中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析

目的为充分利用蛇副产品资源,增加其附加值,探究其功用。方法取蛇内脏脂肪组织,用微波加热法得蛇油,将其甲酯化后低温保存,采用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）技术和标准图谱检索对照,分离和鉴定蛇油的组成成分,用离子流色谱峰面积归一化法计算各脂肪酸成分的相对含量,取峰值较高的15种脂肪酸成分进行分析。结果蛇油中含有大量不饱和脂肪酸,占总脂肪酸含量的52%以上。结论蛇油脂利用价值较高,且含有部分对人体具有十分重要生理功能的高度不饱和脂肪酸,特别是EPA、DHA。     

斑点叉尾鮰鱼油脂成分分析

采用铁锅炼制提取斑点叉尾鮰内脏鱼油,然后加酸使其甲酯化,以气相色谱/质谱法分析鱼油中的脂肪酸.结果斑点叉尾鮰内脏纯油脂中鱼油达到99%.从鱼油中共鉴定出15种成分,有饱和脂肪酸及不饱和脂肪酸,还有少量烷烃类物质.不饱和脂肪酸含量为76.40%,其中多不饱和脂肪酸为18.03%,以C18∶ 2(16.23%)为主,单不饱和脂肪酸为58.37%,以C18∶ 1(54.88%)为主.饱和脂肪酸含量为20.91%,主要有C16∶ 0 (15.84%)和C18∶ 0(4.29%),多是低于C18以上的中长链脂肪酸.因此斑点叉尾鮰油脂可作功能性脂肪酸的重要膳食来源.     

超干对种子活力及水分热力学特性的影响

以耐干的菜心种子和不耐干的豇豆种子为材料,研究了超干对其活力和水分吸附等温线及热力学参数（△S、△H、△G）的影响。超干使红豇豆种子活力下降,SOD、POD活性降低,膜结构受损,这些变化即发生在水分降低的干燥过程中又发生在眼干状态下的贮藏过程中,菜心种子的活力和SOD,POD的活性受超干的影响小,超干对细胞膜的轻微损伤可在萌发吸胀时得到修复,超干种子水分吸附等温线上区段1和区段2的含水量明显下降;超干种子除－△S和－△H在区段1略有所升高外,－△S、－△H在区段和2和区段3和－△G在各区段均有程度不同的下降;这些改变尤以豇豆种子较显著,说明豇豆种子的水分束缚能力低,较易失去水分吸附等温线上的强吸附水,继而引起大分子结构的改变,降低种子活力;而菜心种子则相反,能在超干状态下较好地保持酶的活性和细胞膜的结构,故适宜超干贮藏。     

STUDIES ON SEED HEALTH

An account is given of the survey made in 1940-55 to determine the incidence of the seed-borne fungal parasites of flax. It was shown that fibre flax seed produced in eastern and south-eastern England was relatively free from contamination with Colletotrichum linicola, Polyspora lini and Phoma sp. and that there was no build-up of infection in seed stocks in these areas. In the wetter and cooler regions west and north of the Pennines, conditions were more favourable for these fungi, and seed contamination tended to increase.
Seed contamination with Botrytis cinerea was general throughout the United Kingdom, with a tendency to be higher in coastal and upland areas. The incidence of Fusarium lini and Alternaria linicola in fibre flax seed produced in the United Kingdom was negligible.
The examination of seed samples from other countries indicated the possible importance of P. lini in Denmark, of B. cinerea and C. linicola in the Netherlands, of A. linicola as a contaminant of oil flax seed in Sweden, and of C. linicola in parts of Canada.
Seed disinfection, using a thiram product, proved useful for the control of flax diseases in general, but should be used as an ancillary to the method of avoiding seed infection by limiting the production of seed flax to areas where the risk of contamination is slight or absent. Where there is any risk of a build-up of contamination, seed disinfection should be carried out as a routine practice each season.     

SEED SIZE AND SEED PACKAGING VARIATION IN BAPTISIA LANCEOLATA (FABACEAE)

Pods and seeds of field-collected Baptisia lanceolala plants were analyzed to partition seed weight and seed packaging trait variance among and within plants and to detect relationships between these traits. Packaging traits studied were: pod weight, seed weight per pod, number of seeds per pod, mean weight of seeds per pod, proportion seed weight of total pod weight, and pod weight per seed. Significant among-plant variation was found for seed weight and all packaging traits. Within plants, positive correlations were found between number of seeds per pod and pod dry weight and between the proportion seed weight of total pod weight and number of seeds per pod. Pod weight per seed was negatively correlated with number of seeds per pod. Most plants had a negative correlation between mean seed weight and number of seeds per pod. When compared with an equality of slopes test, slopes of regressions of the above pairs of traits were found to differ among plants. Among plants, the same relationships were found, except for the latter two traits, which were not correlated. These within-plant patterns may represent constraints on seed weight variance imposed by the seed package. This view is supported by a positive correlation between packaging trait variance and seed weight variance. Packaging-related constraints could have an effect on seed weight in this and other species. If these phenotypic constraints have a genetic basis, then selection on seed packaging could change seed weight in a way different from that which might be predicted by considering seed weight alone.