达肝清对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

采用卡介苗(BCG)+脂多糖(LPS)造成免疫性肝损伤动物模型,观察达肝清对小鼠血清ALT、AST活性及肝组织匀浆SOD、MDA、GSH-PX水平的影响,并观察肝组织病理学改变。结果表明:达肝清可明显降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST活性,同时能减少肝匀浆MDA含量,并能使降低的肝匀浆SOD、GSH-PX活性升高。该实验属首次报道。     

两种急性免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型的对比研究

目的比较两种急性免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型的肝功能及淋巴因子变化特点和规律,为研究抗肝炎药物提供理想的动物模型。方法选用BCG＋LPS和Con-a建立两种免疫性肝损伤模型。以小鼠血清转氨酶水平变化及肝脏病理学检查作为肝损伤判断标准,以ELISA法测定血清中IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-r的变化。结果与正常对照组相比,两组模型ALT、AST的活性均显著升高（P〈0.01）;BCG＋LPS组IL-2、IFN-r、TNF-α的含量明显高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）,但IL-4、IL-10的含量无明显变化;Con-a组IL-2、IL-4、IL-10、TNF-α、IFN-r的含量均高于正常对照组（P〈0.01）。两组模型均出现严重的肝组织病理改变。结论Con-a建立的免疫性肝损伤模型更适用于防治免疫性肝损伤药物的筛选和研究。     

基于JNK通路研究老鹳草素对免疫性肝损伤小鼠的影响

为探讨老鹳草素对脂多糖(LPS)所致小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及可能机制,60只小鼠被随机分为正常组、模型组、水飞蓟素组(180 mg/kg)和老鹳草素低、中、高剂量组(50、100、200 mg/kg),小鼠腹腔注射10 mg/kg的LPS诱导免疫性肝损伤。采取HE染色观察小鼠肝细胞病理改变情况;生化法检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)水平,血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测肝组织中炎症因子白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-6(IL-6)的含量;蛋白免疫印迹实验(Western blot)法检测小鼠肝组织中p-ASK1、ASK1、MKK4、p-MKK4、JNK、p-JNK、c-Jun和p-c-Jun的表达水平。结果表明,老鹳草素各剂量组和水飞蓟素组小鼠肝组织炎症坏死和凋亡现象有不同程度的减轻。与模型组相比,老鹳草素各剂量组可显著降低血清中的ALT、AST、ALP、TBIL、MDA和肝组织中IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6水平,上调血清中SOD和GSH-Px的水平,并且抑制肝组织中p-ASK1、p-MKK4、p-JNK、p-c-Jun的表达。综上所述,老鹳草素对LPS诱导的免疫性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制JNK通路相关。     

Con A、α-Galcer与LPS/D-Gal N诱导免疫性肝损伤小鼠NKT细胞功能改变的比较研究

目的：通过比较三种免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠NKT细胞功能改变情况,寻找一种在病理生理机制上更接近临床特点的免疫性肝损伤动物模型。方法：40只小鼠随机分为空白对照组、Con A模型组、α-Galcer模型组、LPS/D-Gal N模型组,每组10只。Con A模型组尾静脉注射ConA溶液（18 mg/kg）,α-Galcer模型组腹腔注射α-Galcer溶液（40 μg/kg）,LPS/D-Gal N模型组腹腔注射LPS溶液（10 μg/kg）和D-Gal N溶液（700 mg/kg）。造模完成后8 h,检测小鼠血清转氨酶ALT、AST水平,计算肝指数,采用HE染色法观察肝组织病理改变情况,流式细胞仪分析肝组织NKT细胞含量,Western blot法检测肝组织中TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6蛋白表达情况。结果：与空白对照组比较,各模型组小鼠血清ALT、AST水平均显著升高（P<0.01）,肝指数增加（P<0.01或P<0.05）,肝组织病理损伤明显,NKT细胞含量显著增加（P<0.01或P<0.05）,TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-6表达均明显上调（P<0.01）;各模型组之间比较,α-Galcer模型组血清ALT、AST含量显著低于Con A组（P<0.05）,病理损伤也相对较轻,LPS/D-Gal N模型组NKT细胞含量明显低于其余两组（P<0.05）。结论：Con A、α-Galcer和LPS/D-Gal N诱导的免疫性肝损伤模型小鼠NKT细胞明显激活,介导炎症紊乱;其中,以Con A诱导的动物模型肝脏病理损伤及免疫紊乱最为明显,更符合疾病临床特点,可作为免疫性肝损伤的首选模型。     

冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对化学性肝损伤的辅助保护作用

为明确冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对急性肝损伤小鼠谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、肝细胞变性及坏死程度的影响,采用四氯化碳（CCl4）诱导小鼠急性化学性肝损伤模型,将动物随机分成5组,分别是空白对照组、模型组、冬虫夏草菌丝提取物低剂量组（1.11g/kg BW）、中剂量组（3.33g/kg BW）、高剂量组（10.00g/kg BW）,检测血清ALT、AST值,并取肝脏作病理切片,观察肝脏的病理损伤情况。冬虫夏草菌丝提取物高剂量组能明显降低CCl4急性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT值,减轻肝细胞坏死程度,表明冬虫夏草菌丝提取物对化学性肝损伤有辅助保护功能。     

禹州漏芦醇提物对四氯化碳所致小鼠急性肝损伤的影响

探讨禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对四氯化碳(CCl4)诱导小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。以CCl4诱导小鼠急性肝损伤模型,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,同时测定肝匀浆中的超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性和丙二醛(MDA)的水平。将肝大叶HE染色,观察各组小鼠的肝组织病理改变。结果表明,同模型组比较,禹州漏芦乙醇提取物各剂量组均能降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST及MDA活性,升高肝组织中GSH-Px和SOD的活性,并能明显改善肝组织的病理学损伤。禹州漏芦乙醇提取物对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有较好保肝作用,其作用可能与清除体内自由基和抗氧化的作用有关。     

硒酸赖氨酸对四氧嘧啶诱发的小鼠肝损伤的防护作用

目的:研究硒酸赖氨酸对四氧嘧啶诱发的小鼠肝损伤的防护作用。方法:选取昆明小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分成五组,即对照组、模型组、低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组。采用四氧嘧啶致急性肝损伤模型,检测各组小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性,并对各组小鼠肝脏进行组织病理学观察。结果:硒酸赖氨酸能降低小鼠血清中ALT、AST、AKP活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),明显减轻四氧嘧啶致肝损伤小鼠肝细胞的病变及炎症反应。结论:硒酸赖氨酸具有对四氧嘧啶诱发小鼠肝损伤的保护作用。     

自噬抑制剂氯喹对急性酒精诱导小鼠肝损伤的影响

目的：探讨自噬抑制剂氯喹（CQ）对急性酒精诱导肝损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法：将雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为3组：正常对照组、酒精组、氯喹干预组（n=7）,其中酒精组按4.5 g/kg剂量给予33%（V/V）酒精灌胃。HE和油红O染色检测各组小鼠肝组织脂滴变化;检测肝组织甘油三酯（TG）含量变化;检测血清谷草转氨酶（AST）和谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性;免疫荧光法检测微管相关蛋白轻链3（LC3）蛋白变化;Western blot法检测LC3蛋白和核蛋白P65表达的变化;ELISA法检测促炎因子TNF-α、IL-6的变化。结果：与对照组比较,酒精组脂滴形成、TG含量、血清AST和ALT活性明显增高。与对照组比较,酒精组LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达明显增加;与酒精组比较,氯喹干预组使酒精诱导的LC3-Ⅱ蛋白表达增强进一步加剧,使酒精诱导的TG含量、血清AST和ALT活性进一步增高,同时增加了酒精诱导的p65入核及TNFα、IL-6释放。结论：急性酒精能引起小鼠肝脏脂肪变化及炎症,而自噬抑制剂氯喹抑制自噬进程,加剧酒精诱导的肝损伤,说明自噬在酒精诱导肝损伤中可能具有保护效应。     

牡蒿提取物抗氧化作用和遗传毒性研究

本文旨在研究牡蒿提取物(Artemisia japonica Extract,AJE)对小鼠抗氧化作用和遗传毒性效果。在建立卡介苗(BCG)+脂多糖(LPS)诱导免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型的基础上,采用给小鼠灌胃不同浓度的AJE后,分别测定小鼠肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽氧化酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化歧化酶(SOD)的活性。检查小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核率和小鼠精子畸形率。结果表明,在一定剂量范围内,牡蒿提取物有降低小鼠肝组织中MDA含量、升高GSH-Px和SOD活性的作用,微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性。说明AJE具有较强的抗氧化作用,无遗传毒性。     

熊果酸对糖尿病小鼠肝损伤的作用及其可能机制

目的：研究熊果酸对高脂饲料联合链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝损伤的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：随机选取20只小鼠高脂饲料喂养6周后,STZ （30 mg/kg）腹腔注射连续5 d,9 d后测空腹血糖,大于11.1 mmol/L视为糖尿病模型,将其随机分为模型组和熊果酸组（100 mg/kg）（n=10）;另取10只小鼠设为对照组。连续给药8周。小鼠称重,测定空腹血糖（FBG）,血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,丙二醛（MDA）含量,HE染色观察肝组织病理变化。结果：模型组与对照组比较,FBG、血清TC、TG含量,ALT、AST活性、MDA含量明显升高（P<0.05,P<0.01）;SOD活性明显降低（P<0.01）;HE染色显示部分肝细胞水肿,轻度脂肪变性,门管区可见淋巴细胞浸润。熊果酸组与模型组比较,FBG,血清TC、TG含量,ALT、AST活性、MDA含量明显降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）;SOD活性明显升高（P<0.01）;HE染色显示熊果酸组肝细胞排列较为整齐,水肿不明显,淋巴细胞少量存在。结论：熊果酸对高脂饲料联合STZ诱导的糖尿病小鼠肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与降血糖、调节血脂、降低肝组织氧化应激水平,提高肝脏抗氧化能力有关。     

Protective effect of aescin from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum on liver injury induced by endotoxin in mice

To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of aescin on acute liver injury induced by endotoxin, liver injury was established by injecting lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Animals were assigned to seven groups: the control group and groups treated with LPS (40 mg/kg), aescin (3.6 mg/kg), LPS plus dexamethasone (4 mg/kg) and LPS plus aescin (0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mg/kg). Hepatic histopathological changes were examined under a light microscope. Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum were determined. Levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), nitric oxide (NO) and antioxidative parameters in liver homogenate were measured. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) expressions in liver were determined by western blotting. Treatment with escin could inhibit immigration of inflammatory cells, alleviate the degree of necrosis, and decrease serum ALT and AST activities. Aescin also down-regulated levels of inflammation mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β and NO) and 11β-HSD2 expression in liver, up-regulated GR expression, enhanced endogenous antioxidative capacity, but have no obvious effect on 11β-HSD1 expression in liver. The findings suggest aescin has protective effects on endotoxin-induced liver injury, and the underlying mechanisms were associated with its anti-inflammatory effects, up-regulating GR expression, down-regulating 11β-HSD2 experssion, and antixoidation.     

α-酮戊二酸减轻脂多糖/D-半乳糖胺诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤

该文旨在探讨α-酮戊二酸对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)及D-半乳糖胺(d-galac-tosamine,D-Ga1)诱导的急性肝损伤发生发展的影响及其可能机制.实验分组:正常对照组、AKG单独处理组、LPS/D-Ga1组、LPS/D-Ga1+AKG组.在雄性BALB/c小鼠中,经腹腔注射LPS...     

硒酸精氨酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨硒酸精氨酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。方法用连续灌服酒精的方法建立小鼠酒精性肝损伤模型。将60只雄性小鼠随机分为四组：对照组,模型组,硒酸精氨酸处理组和二氧化硒处理组。连续灌胃8周后,测定小鼠血清中天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）,丙氨酸转移酶（ALT）,肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）的含量。对肝脏切片做HE染色和Masson染色,在光镜下观察肝脏病理学变化。结果硒酸精氨酸能显著降低酒精性肝损伤引起的AST的升高（P〈0．01）,有效保持了肝脏中GPx和SOD的活性（P〈0．01）。病理学观察结果与酶学变化相一致,硒酸精氨酸对肝脏的保护作用明显优于二氧化硒。结论硒酸精氨酸对小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有显著的保护作用,效果也优于二氧化硒。     

Protection of a polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza, a Chinese medicinal herb, against immunological liver injury in mice

This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of S. miltiorrhiza polysaccharides (SMPS) in immunological liver injury induced by Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. SMPS effectively improved the liver index, spleen index and thymus index, reduced the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and nitric oxide, and restored liver homogenate contents of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta. The histopathological analysis suggested that SMPS reduced the degree of liver injury. The results suggest that SMPS play a protective role against immunological liver injury, which may have important implications for our understanding on the immunoregulatory mechanisms of polysaccharides.     

Hepcidin protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury in a mouse model of obstructive jaundice

Obstructive jaundice (OJ) increases the risk of liver injury and sepsis, leading to increased mortality. Cholestatic liver injury is associated with a downregulation of hepcidin expression levels. In fact, hepcidin has an important antimicrobial effect, especially against Escherichia coli. It is unknown whether supplementing recombinant hepcidin is effective in alleviating cholestasis-induced liver injury and mortality in mice with superimposed sepsis. A mouse model of cholestasis was developed using extrahepatic bile duct ligation for 3 days. In addition, sepsis due to E. coli 0111:B4 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was induced in the model. The serum levels of total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and LDH and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and MCP-1 in the liver were significantly higher in the OJ mice receiving LPS than in the sham-operated mice receiving LPS. Compared to the OJ mice receiving LPS, the hepcidin-pretreated OJ mice receiving LPS showed a significant decrease in the above mentioned parameters, as well as a reversal in the downregulation of LC3B-II and upregulation of cleaved caspase-3; this, in turn, led to significantly decreased lethality in 24h. In conclusion, these results indicate that hepcidin pretreatment significantly reduced hepatic proinflammatory cytokine expression and liver injury, leading to reduced early lethality in OJ mice receiving LPS. Enhanced autophagy and reduced apoptosis may account for the protective effects of hepcidin.     

Th1/Th2类细胞因子的变化对急性免疫性肝损伤的影响研究

目的探讨Th1/Th2类细胞因子的变化对ConA诱导的急性免疫性肝损伤的机制,以及脾脏对急性免疫性肝损伤的影响作用。方法将Balb/c小鼠随机分为两组：正常对照组,肝损伤组。正常对照组尾静脉注射等量生理盐水,肝损伤组尾静脉注射12.5mg/Kg ConA一次。各组分别于ConA注射后8h,24h,72h取材,进行下列研究：①HE染色观察各组小鼠肝脏病理学改变。②经眼球取血,收集血清测ALT和AST。③收集各组小鼠血清及新鲜肝、脾组织（各100mg）,获取肝、脾组织裂解液。用多参数细胞因子检测技术即FlowCytomix技术,通过流氏细胞仪对荧光素PE信号强度的检测,实现对各组小鼠血清、肝组织、脾组织内多种Th1/Th2类因子的定性定量分析。结果①HE染色：正常对照组肝组织结构正常。肝损伤组8h时表现为急性肝损伤表现,24h时可见大片坏死灶,72h时肝损伤缓解。②血清ALT和AST检测：正常对照组3个时间点内无明显升高,肝损伤组3个时间段内ALT和AST均高于正常对照组,有显著性差异。③Th1/Th2细胞因子检测结果：肝脏：肝损伤组8h时Th1和Th2类细胞因子均明显升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异,24h后开始下降,降至正常水平或正常水平以下,呈明显下降趋势。血清：肝损伤组Th1,Th2类细胞因子8h均升高,24h后逐步降低。脾脏：肝损伤组Th1,Th2类细胞因子8h时均升高,与正常对照组比较,有显著性差异,24h时明显降低。结论①ConA诱导的急性免疫性肝损伤主要是由Th1类细胞、巨噬细胞和Th2类细胞分泌的炎性因子所造成。②脾脏通过Th1/Th2类细胞因子的分泌对急性免疫性肝损伤起到免疫调控作用。     

Protective effects of sodium nitrite preconditioning against alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of sodium nitrite (SN) on alcohol-induced acute liver injury in mice. Forty male C57bL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Acute alcohol-induced liver injury group were injected intraperitoneal (ip) with alcohol (4.5 g/kg); SN preconditioning group were pretreated with SN (16 mg/kg, ip) for 12 h, and received alcohol (4.5 g/kg, ip) injection; Control and SN groups were treated with saline and SN, respectively. After the treatments, liver index (liver/body weight ratio) was determined. Colorimetric technique was performed to measure the serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The pathological index of liver tissue was assayed by HE and TUNEL fluorometric staining. Using Western blot and immunohistochemistry staining, the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein was detected. The results showed that, compared with acute alcohol-induced liver injury group, pretreatment with low doses of SN decreased liver index and serum levels of ALT and AST, weakened acute alcohol-induced hepatocyte necrosis, improved pathological changes in liver tissue, increased live tissue SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities, reduced MDA content and apoptosis index of hepatocytes, and up-regulated HIF-1α protein level in liver tissue. These results suggest that the pretreatment of SN can protect hepatocytes against alcohol-induced acute injury, and the protective mechanism involves inhibition of oxidative stress and up-regulation of HIF-1α protein level.     

蟛蜞菊内酯对四氯化碳致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究中药活性物质蟛蜞菊内酯的保肝作用及其机制。方法:采用小鼠腹腔注射CCl4制作肝损伤模型,测定小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙二醛(MDA),谷胱甘肽(GSH)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)指标,进行肝脏的组织病理学检查,观察蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4所致肝损伤的保护作用。结果:蟛蜞菊内酯能明显降低肝损伤小鼠的血清ALT、AST和肝组织匀浆中MDA含量,SOD活力增强,明显减轻肝组织变性。结论蟛蜞菊内酯对CCl4引起的肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关。