朴属新分类群

贡山朴新种图１ＣｅｌｔｉｓｇｏｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓＸ．Ｗ．ＬｉｅｔＧ．Ｓｈ．Ｆａｎ，ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓａｆｉｎｉｓＣ．ｋｕｎｍｉｎｇｅｎｓｉ，ｓｅｄｆｏｌｉｓｓｕｐｒａｓｔｒｉｇｏｓｉｓｅｔｖｉｌｏｓｉｓ，ｍａｒｇｉｎｅｉｒｅｇｕｌａｒｉ...     

中国美登木属的新分类群

本拟定中国美登木属４新种１新等级,它们是：广南美登木Ｍ．ｇｕａｎｇｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈ．Ｓｈａｏ,蒙自美登木Ｍ．ｍｅｎｇｚｉｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈ．Ｓｈａｏ,易门 美登木Ｍ．ｙｉｍｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｈ．Ｓｈａｏ,树状美登木Ｍ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｓ Ｈ．Ｓｈａｏ和疏刺刺茶Ｍ．ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｓ（Ｈｅｍｓｌ．）Ｃ．Ｙ．Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｖａｒ．ｉｎｅｒｍｉｓ（Ｃ．Ｙ．Ｃｈｅｎｇ ｅｔ Ｗ．Ｌ．Ｓｈａ）Ｈ．Ｓｈａｏ。     

杂草抗药性研究的进展

杂草抗药性研究的进展钱希（江苏省国营黄海农场,响水县２２４６２４）ＡｄｖａｎｃｅｓｉｎＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｆＨｅｒｂｉｃｉｄｅｓ＿ｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅＷｅｅｄｓ．ＱｉａｎＸｉ（ＴｈｅＹｅｌｏｗＳｅａＳｔａｔｅＦａｒｍ,ＸｉａｎｇｓｈｕｉＣｏｕｎｔ...     

拔毒散中的蜕皮激素

ＴｈｅｇｅｎｕｓＳｉｄａｗｉｔｈａｂｏｕｔ 90ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｉｓｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｅｚｏｎｅｉｎｔｈｅｗｈｏｌｅｗｏｒｌｄ .Ｓｉｄａｓｚｅｃｈｕｅｎｓｉｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓａｐｅｒｅｎｎｉａｌ,ｈａｌｆ -ｓｈｒｕｂｆｏｕｎｄｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｌａｎｄｏｆｓｏｕｔｈ ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄａｂｕｎｄａｎｔｉｎｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓ,ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＭａｌｖａｃｅａｅ .ＩｔｉｓｕｓｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｔｒａｄｉ ｔｉｏｎａｌｍｅ…     

Emergy Synthesis of the Environmental Resource Basis and Economy in China

ＥｍｅｒｇｙＳｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅＢａｓｉｓａｎｄＥｃｏｎｏｍｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａＬａｎＳｈｅｎｇｆａｎｇ（Ｄｅｐｔ．ｏｆＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,ＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃ．Ｕｎｉｖ．,Ｇｕａｎｇｚｈｏｕ５１０...     

中国低额溞属二新种和二新纪录（甲壳纲：双甲目：溞科）

本文描述了中国枝角类科低额属的两个新种：黑龙江低额Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｈｅｉｏｎｇｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和北安低额Ｓｉｍｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｂｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｂｅｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及两个中国新记录种．     

民和盆地早白晋世晚期的孢粉组合

民和盆地的甘肃兰州柴家台地区,下白垩统河口组上亚组含有丰富的孢粉化石。上亚组上部是以Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓ ｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ为代表的粉组合,并可划分出上下两个亚组合,分别以Ｃｌａｓｓｏｐｏｌｌｉｓ－Ｓｃｈｉｚａｅｏｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ和Ｐｉｃｅａｐｏｌｌｅｎｉｔｅｓ－Ｃｉｃａｔｒｉｃｏｓｉｓｐｏｒｉｔｅｓ来表示。     

转基因鱼构建模式的研究II.构建转基因鱼的几个影响因素(英文)

ＳｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｎＰａｔｅｒｎｏｆＰｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＴｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃＦｉｓｈＩ．ＳｅｖｅｒａｌＥｌｅｍｅｎｔｓＲｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅＥｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｏｆＴｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃＦｉｓｈＬＩＵＣｈｕｎｑｉａｏ,ＺＨＡＮＧＹｏｎｇｚｈｏｎ...     

滇东南假卫矛属一新种

麻栗坡假卫矛　新种　 (聚伞圆锥组 )ＭｉｃｒｏｔｒｏｐｉｓｍａｌｉｐｏｅｎｓｉｓＹ .Ｍ .Ｓｈｕｉ＆Ｗ .Ｈ .Ｃｈｅｎ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .　 [Ｓｅｃｔ.Ｃｙｍｏｓｏ ｐａｎｉｃｕｌａｔａ (Ｍｅｒｒ.ｅｔＦｒｅｅｍ .)Ｃ .Ｙ .ＣｈｅｎｇｅｔＴ .Ｃ .Ｋａｏ]ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＭｉｃｒｏｔｒｏｐｉｓｓｃｏｔｉｉＰａｒｋｉｎｓａｒｃｔｅａｆｆｉｎｉｓ ,ｓｅｄｆｏｌｉｉｓ 19- 2 4ｃｍｌｏｎｇｉｓ ,ｃｙｍｉｓｑｕａｒｔｅｒｖｅｌｑｕｉｎｑｕｉｅｓｒａｍｏｓｉｓ ,ｓｅｐａｌｉｓｉｎｖｏｌｕｔｉｓ (ｎｅｃｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｓ)ｄｉｆ…     

油菜叶绿体基因ndhB的序列

1　Ｓｏｕｒｃｅ　ＴｈｅｓｅｑｕｅｎｃｅｗａｓｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｄｆｒｏｍａＰＣＲ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｌｉｇａｔｅｄｔｏｐＢｌｕｅｓｃｒｉｐｔＳＫ( )ｖｅｃｔｅｒ (ｎａｍｅｄａｓｐＳＮ) ,ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｌａｓｔｇｅｎｏｍｉｃＤＮＡｏｆＢｒａｓｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓ(Ｏｉｌｓｅｅｄｒａｐｅ)ｃｖ.Ｈ1 65.2　Ｎａｍｅａｎｄｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎ　Ｂｒａｓｓｉｃａｎａｐｕｓｃｈｌｏｒｏ ｐｌａｓｔｇｅｎｅｎｄｈＢｉｓ 2 4 67ｂｐｌｏｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｗｏｅｘｏｎｓｔｈａｔｅｎｃｏｄｅ 51 0ａ…     

森林城市景观格局与热环境的关系——以龙泉市为例

景观格局分异特征在相当程度上影响着城市热环境.本研究以国家森林城市龙泉市为对象,通过地温反演和空间分析反映9类景观温度特征,运用景观格局分析方法从1～3.5 km 6个尺度探索格局指数与热环境的相关性.结果表明: 龙泉市高温区及次高温区主要分布于东北至西南一带,以城乡居民地为主,低温区和次低温区主要分布于西北、东南区域,以公益林为主;对海拔700 m以下区域各景观类型地表温度的统计发现,针叶林地、阔叶林地、针阔混交林地、竹林地、水域的地温均值相对较低,灌木林地、其他林地、耕地、建设用地的地温均值相对较高;对景观格局与热环境的分析发现,类型水平格局指数较景观水平格局指数更具实际意义,建设用地与热环境的相关系数可达0.835,针叶林地、阔叶林地、针阔混交林地、水域次之,在-0.5～-0.4,不同林地类型的降温效果在空间尺度上的表达不同,阔叶林地、针阔混交林地更利于在大尺度上降温;林地的面积和蓄积量越大,越易出现地表温度低值.     

暖温带山地森林的小气候研究

本文探讨了暖温带山地落叶阔叶混交林和油松林不同梯度的气温、湿度、土壤温度的日变化特征,不同季节的分析结果表明：１．落叶阔叶林夜间始终存在气温随高度增加而增加（第１梯度＞第２梯度＞第３梯度＞第４梯度）的辐射逆温现象。油松林夜间林内气温观测值始终低于林冠以上值。２．在生长季的不同时期,人工油松林的林内气温（林地以上２ｍ和４ｍ）的日间波动程度和振幅都高于林冠以上（林冠顶以上０．５ｍ和２．５ｍ）。而在生长季中期,充分发育的落叶阔叶林林冠能够明显地缓减林内气温波动和振幅。３．两类林分各梯度的气温一般均在正午后２～３小时内达到高峰,而早晚较低,具有明显的日变化特征。４．落叶阔叶林林冠以上２．５ｍ处的水汽压及相对湿度始终低于林地以上４ｍ（林下灌木层以上２．５ｍ）处的同期值,具有比油松林更强的增湿效应。     

海州湾春季短蛸的栖息分布特征及其与环境因子的关系

近年来,我国近海多种重要渔业资源处于不同程度的衰退状态,而短蛸具有生命周期短、生长迅速的特点,在我国近海经济渔获产量中占重要地位。然而,有关短蛸的栖息分布特征及其与环境因子的关系尚缺乏研究,不利于更好地保护和利用其资源。本研究根据2011年和2013—2017年春季海州湾的渔业资源和环境因子调查数据,采用随机森林模型、人工神经网络模型和广义提升回归模型3种机器学习方法分析了短蛸的栖息分布特征及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明: 随机森林模型的拟合效果和预测能力在3种模型中优势较大,选择该模型进行分析表明,底层水温、水深和底层盐度对短蛸的栖息分布有较大影响。短蛸的相对资源密度随底层水温、水深和底层盐度的增加均呈先上升后下降趋势。根据FVCOM模型模拟的环境数据,应用随机森林模型预测了短蛸在海州湾海域的栖息分布,发现短蛸主要分布在34.5°—35.8° N、119.7°—121° E之间的海域。     

Insight into the temperature sensitivity of forest litter decomposition and soil enzymes in subtropical forest in China

Aims With the continuing increase in the impact of human activities on ecosystems, ecologists are increasingly interested in understanding the effects of high temperature on litter decomposition since litter decomposition and the accompanying release of nutrients and carbon dioxide are key processes in ecosystem nutrient cycling and carbon flux. This study was conducted to evaluate the temperature sensitivity of forest litter decomposition and soil enzymes during litter decomposition in subtropical forest in China.Methods Two dominant litter types were chosen from Zijin Mountain in China: Quercus acutissima leaves from a broadleaf forest (BF) and Pinus massoniana needles from a coniferous forest (CF). The litter samples were incubated in soil microcosms at ambient control temperature (20°C) and 10°C warmer. During a 5-month incubation, chemical composition of litter samples, litter mass losses, and related soil enzyme activities were determined.Important findings Three main results were found: (i) high temperature accelerated decomposition rates of both litter types, and the temperature sensitivities of litter decomposition for BF leaves and that for CF needles are equivalent basically, (ii) high temperature enhanced soil enzyme activities in the two forest types, and the temperature sensitivities of polyphenol oxidase were significantly higher than those of the other soil enzymes and (iii) the temperature sensitivities of nitrate reductase were significantly higher in the CF soil than in the BF soil, while there was no significant difference in the temperature sensitivities of the other soil enzymes between BF and CF. As a long-term consequence, the high-temperature-induced acceleration of litter decomposition rates in these subtropical forests may cause carbon stored belowground to be transferred in the atmosphere, which may alter the balance between carbon uptake and release, and then alter the global carbon cycle in the coming decades.     

The rise and fall of the mangrove forests in Maputo Bay, Mozambique

The change in area of mangrove forests since 1958 in Maputo Bay,Mozambique was studied. Around Maputo, a 44% reduction of the area was linkedtodifferences in accessibility, the areas closest to Maputo suffering most. Butsurprisingly, large expansions of mangrove forest were also observed. Thisincrease in area (+ 13%) was accompanied by an increase in tree cover from55 to 70%. The overall effect of mangrove forest reduction and growth resultedin a mean decrease of only 8%. The causes of the increase in mangrove area onInhaca island are discussed, and two possible factors are suggested: a changeinsedimentation and an increase in temperature. Sandbanks have increased atInhacaIsland, but no data are available for the other areas. An increase in sea andair temperature has also been noted by other authors and could explain thegrowth of the forests, which are situated at the southernmost limit of theirnormal distribution.     

长白山温带阔叶红松林对温湿环境的调节效应

森林具有改善气候、调节微环境的作用,森林小气候的研究对于揭示森林生态系统功能、评估森林生态环境效益具有重要意义.本研究以长白山阔叶红松林为例,基于2003—2014年林内通量塔气象资料及其附近气象站空旷地的同时段气象资料,对其最高、最低和平均气温、相对湿度和表层土壤温度的日变化和季节变化进行对比分析.结果表明: 林内气温和相对湿度分别呈现单峰型和U型日变化规律,日较差较林外低2.31 ℃和8.3%,表层土壤温度日变化趋于恒定,阔叶红松林减缓了温湿度的日变化.夏季主要为降温效应,冬季表现出显著的增温效应.夏季林内气温和土温比林外低1.30和3.91 ℃;冬季林内气温和土温比林外高2.06和5.44 ℃.森林对最高温和最低温的调节效应显著.在季节尺度上,夏季森林降低最高气温和土温1.80和5.45 ℃,冬季提高最低气温和土温3.69和7.92 ℃.在年尺度上,林内年最高气温和土温分别较林外低1.60和4.99 ℃,年最低气温和土温分别较林外高1.12和8.82 ℃.森林对土温的调节效应强于对气温的调节效应.气温和土温均以对低温的保温作用为主.     

Diel variation in the difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior in the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania

The difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior was simultaneously compared at ten sites at 2‐h intervals over a 229‐day period in the East and West Usambara Mountains in Tanzania. Measurements were recorded with data loggers placed 1.5 m above the ground on the shaded side of trees and positioned 1–2 and 100 m from the forest edge. The difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior varied regularly over a 24‐h period with mean maximum difference in air temperatures of 0.85°C occurring at 15:00 h and mean minimum diel difference in air temperature of 0.02°C occurring at 21:00 h. Diel variation in the difference in air temperature between the forest edge and interior varied little by season and was unrelated to elevation.     

西双版纳热带季节雨林与橡胶林土壤呼吸

季节雨林和橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)林是西双版纳热带森林生态系统中原始林和大面积种植人工林的两种代表类型。热带季节雨林层次结构复杂,多样性丰富,而橡胶林结构简单,乔木层只有橡胶树1种。应用碱吸收法,研究了这两种植被类型土壤呼吸速率、地下5 cm土壤温度、气温和土壤含水率的季节变化规律,以及土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤温度、气温和土壤含水率的关系。结果表明:1)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸速率、土壤温度、气温和土壤含水率都有明显的季节变化,而且两种林型的变化趋势基本一致;2)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸速率与地下5 cm土壤温度和气温之间具有显著的指数相关关系,显著水平达1%,与地下5 cm温度的相关性(r²分别为0.87和0.82)明显高于与气温的相关性(r²分别是0.80和0.72);3)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸速率与土壤含水率具有显著的线性相关(r²分别是0.73和0.63),显著水平达1%;4)橡胶林的土壤呼吸速率明显高于季节雨林,这与两种林型的结构有关;5)季节雨林和橡胶林土壤呼吸的Q₁₀分别为2.16和2.18,比文献报道的热带土壤的Q₁₀(1.96)稍高。     

泉州常绿阔叶林的特征与分布

泉州的常绿阔叶林包括南亚热带雨林和南亚热带山地照叶林。通过对这两种植被类型的区分成分、生活型、叶的性质以及群落的结构与分布的分析,说明海拔450m以下具有较明显的以厚壳桂、红楠等为优势种的南亚热带雨林的特征和景观;海拔450～900m主要以米槠等拷类为优势种的群落,但仍有南亚热带雨林的某些特征;海拔900～1400m以甜槠为主要建群种的群落,属于中亚热带照叶林的群落特征。     

On the distributional limits of the lucidophyllous forest in the Japanese Archipelago

The distribution of the lucidophyllous forest and its transition to the summergreen broadleaf forest were studied in relation to such environmental factors as temperature and precipitation. The distribution is primarily affected by low temperatures during winter and secondarily by precipitation and sea wind. The upper and northern limits of the forest most closely correlated with the coldness index within four thermal indices. Because of much snow, the forest is more suppressed at a lower altitude in the region with high snowfall than in other regions. The area at its upper limit is dominated by the evergreenQuercus forest while the area at its northern limit is occupied by thePersea forest. Moreover, CI values in these distributional limits are significantly different. This phenomenon appeared to result from the resistance ability of dominant lucidophyllous trees not only to the thermal conditions but also to sea wind. In both the region with high snowfall and the region with high rainfall there is a zone where the evergreenQuercus forest overlaps theFagus crenata forest. In contrast, in the region with little rainfall, these two forests do not overlap but form a gap dominated by forests such as theFagus japonica forest. Thus, precipitation factors largely affect the altitudinal forest zones in Japan.