长白山温带阔叶红松林对温湿环境的调节效应

森林具有改善气候、调节微环境的作用,森林小气候的研究对于揭示森林生态系统功能、评估森林生态环境效益具有重要意义.本研究以长白山阔叶红松林为例,基于2003—2014年林内通量塔气象资料及其附近气象站空旷地的同时段气象资料,对其最高、最低和平均气温、相对湿度和表层土壤温度的日变化和季节变化进行对比分析.结果表明: 林内气温和相对湿度分别呈现单峰型和U型日变化规律,日较差较林外低2.31 ℃和8.3%,表层土壤温度日变化趋于恒定,阔叶红松林减缓了温湿度的日变化.夏季主要为降温效应,冬季表现出显著的增温效应.夏季林内气温和土温比林外低1.30和3.91 ℃;冬季林内气温和土温比林外高2.06和5.44 ℃.森林对最高温和最低温的调节效应显著.在季节尺度上,夏季森林降低最高气温和土温1.80和5.45 ℃,冬季提高最低气温和土温3.69和7.92 ℃.在年尺度上,林内年最高气温和土温分别较林外低1.60和4.99 ℃,年最低气温和土温分别较林外高1.12和8.82 ℃.森林对土温的调节效应强于对气温的调节效应.气温和土温均以对低温的保温作用为主.

Regulation effects of temperate broadleaved Korean pine forest on temperature and humidity in Changbai Mountain,China.

Forests can improve climate and regulate micro-environment. The study of forest micro-climate is of great significance to reveal forest ecosystem function and evaluate the benefits of forest ecological environment. With broadleaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain as test material, the diurnal and seasonal variations of the mean, maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity and surface soil temperature were analyzed based on the meteorological data of flux tower in the forest and nearby meteorological station in the open land from 2003 to 2014. The results showed that air temperature and relative humidity in the forest showed a unimodal U-shaped diurnal pattern, respectively. The diurnal range was 2.31 ℃ and 8.3% lower than that of the open land. The diurnal surface soil temperature tended to be a constant, indicating an alleviating effects of broadleaved Korean pine forest on the diurnal variation of temperature and moisture. The cooling effect was mainly observed in summer, while the warming effect was significant in winter. The air and soil temperatures in forest in summer were 1.30 and 3.91 ℃ lower than those in the open land, and were 2.06 and 5.44 ℃ higher than those in the open land in winter. Forest regulated the maximum and minimum temperatures significantly. On the season scale, the maximum air and soil temperature in forest decreased by 1.80 and 5.45 ℃ in summer, while the minimum air and soil temperature increased by 3.69 and 7.92 ℃ in winter. On the annual scale, the maximum air and soil temperature in forest were 1.60 and 4.99 ℃ lower than those in the open land, and the minimum air and soil temperature were 1.12 and 8.82 ℃ higher than those in the open land, respectively. The regulating effects of forests on soil temperature was stronger than that on air temperature. Forests mainly warmed the air and soil temperature at cold condition.