转MDMV CP基因玉米植株的再生

用基因枪法将玉米矮花叶病毒外壳蛋白基因导入玉米自交系综31幼胚诱导的愈伤组织中,在含有Bialaphos 6 mg·L^-1的选择培养基上经过3个月的抗性筛选,抗性愈伤组织在分化培养基上生成可育再生植株。PCR、PCR-Southern blot及DNA点杂交结果表明,外源基因已导入到玉米基因组中。转基因T1和T2代植株在大田表现出对MDMV的抗性,可以降低发病率,减轻发病程度。     

不同杂种优势类群玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生特性的研究

以Reid、唐四平头和其它种质等3个杂种优势类群共19份玉米自交系为试验材料,以玉米幼胚作为外植体,研究了基因型、培养基和激素对玉米幼胚愈伤组织的诱导及植株再生的影响,结果表明供试材料均能进行愈伤组织的诱导,但是仅有12个自交系能再生植株。N6和改良N6培养基有助于提高愈伤组织的质量及其生长速度,2,4-D在愈伤组织的诱导中起着关键性作用。在诱导培养基中添加0.2mg／L的6-BA或KT会使胚性愈伤组织的诱导频率下降以及降低愈伤组织的质量。在胚状体诱导培养基中添加1mg／L的KT能促进绿苗的分化,但是浓度过高会使丛生苗分化过多。此外,通过对不同杂种优势类群自交系玉米幼胚培养特性的分析,发现在唐四平头类群的4个自交系中,黄早四的绿苗分化率仅为0.5％,其它3个自交系不能再生植株。但是,从Reid和其它种质类群的供试自交系中筛选出了胚性愈伤组织的诱导频率和绿苗分化率均较高的、适合于遗传转化的受体材料,如3189／4380、4380／陕综5、8103、先早17、18-599红、18-599白、501、178和冀53。     

干旱耐逆基因（HS1）转化甘薯获得转基因植株

以甘薯（1pomoeabatatas（L.）Lam．）品种栗子香的胚性悬浮细胞为受体材料,用根癌农杆菌介导法,获得了表达除草剂抗性基因bar基因的转HSl基因甘薯植株。共计380个遗传转化的胚性细胞团,在添加2mg／L2．4-D、100mg／L Carb和10mg／L Glu（glufosinate）的固体Ms培养基上选择培养9周后,得到了12个Glu抗性愈伤组织。将这些抗性愈伤组织转移到添加1mg／L ABA、100mg／L羧苄青霉素和10mg／L Glu的固体MS培养基上,其中的3个抗性愈伤组织再生出拟转基因植株。PCR鉴定它们为转基因植株。Southern blot分析表明,HS1基因已整合到基因组中。转基因植株具有稳定的除草剂抗性。结薯观察实验结果表明,转基因植株结薯正常。     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米( Zea mays L.)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关.在转化过程中,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织.因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件,提高转化效率,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义.应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌( Bacillus thuringiensis ) cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E28及340的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中,经过膦丝菌素(PPT)或潮霉素(HygB)筛选,获得了再生植株.经PCR检测、Southern blot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中,并已获得表达.抗虫性分析结果表明,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性.还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率.     

农杆菌介导的雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系

以农杆菌AGL0介导,将雪花莲凝集素基因转入玉米骨干自交系齐319和掖515胚性愈伤组织细胞,从筛选后的抗性愈伤组织获得再生植株。农杆菌浓度和共培养时间均能显著影响侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率。在农杆菌浓度OD600 0．2～0．3,共培养时间3d时,侵染后玉米愈伤组织的抗性频率最高,平均约4％。对再生植株及其子代基因组DNA的PCR及Southern杂交分析表明雪花莲凝集素基因已经整合到玉米基因组中,并遗传给后代。在蚜虫人工接种试验中,转基因植株上蚜虫的繁殖力为非转基因对照植株上的50％,这表明转基因植株抗蚜性显著增强。     

农杆菌介导的玉米转化后分化和生根条件优化

通过诱导5种自交系玉米授粉10～12d的未成熟幼胚,产生胚性愈伤组织,以农杆菌介导法,分别转化‘18-599(H)’、‘齐319’、‘综31’、‘Z674’和‘郑58’等5种玉米自交系。以GUS基因作为报告基因进行组织化学染色和潮霉素磷酸转移酶基因片段PCR特异扩增等方法检测都证明了外源基因的成功转化。对5种自交系玉米的出愈率、抗性愈伤率、转化率等指标进行了详细统计,并对分化培养基中附加不同细胞分裂素的分化效果以及对不同生根培养基的生根效果进行比较、优化,结果发现,通过优化抗性愈伤的最佳分化培养基(N6 1.0mg·L-1KT)和最佳生根培养基(1/2MS),使‘18-599(H)’的转化效率最高达6.1%,‘齐319’次之为3.5%。     

农杆菌介导玉米胚性愈伤的遗传转化研究

利用3种不同类型的农杆菌菌株C58、LBA4404和EHA105携带外源GUS基因分别侵染玉米自交系齐319和18(红)胚性愈伤.结果显示,不同的菌株和自交系间的搭配,其遗传转化效率差异很大,GUS瞬时表达率呈极显著差异(F=24.92**),抗性愈伤率也呈极显著差异(F=19.43**).其中,EHAl05-齐319组合遗传转化效率最高,其GUS瞬时表达率平均为55.5%,最高可迭71.1%;其抗性愈伤率平均为14.4%,最高可达20%;对22株转基因To代抗性植株进行PCR检测,其中PCR呈阳性植株有11株,阳性率为50%.进一步对此22株To代抗性植株进行叶片组织化学染色分析,结果显示,PCR呈阳性的植株中均有GUS基因表达.从而证明,外源GUS基因在转基因玉米To代植株中得到稳定表达,而且验证了PCR检测结果和GUS表达分析结果的一致性.     

转苏云金杆菌毒蛋白基因玉米植株的获得及其抗虫性分析

玉米 (ZeamaysL .)转化成功与否与基因型密切相关。在转化过程中 ,除少数模式品种能够形成再生频率较高且易转化的Ⅱ型愈伤组织外 ,大多数栽培品种往往只能够形成再生频率较低且不易转化的Ⅰ型愈伤组织。因此探索Ⅰ型愈伤组织的诱导及其转化条件 ,提高转化效率 ,对直接改良玉米优良自交系具有重要意义。应用基因枪转化技术将苏云金杆菌 (Bacillusthuringiensis)cry1Ac3基因导入玉米优良自交系E2 8及 34 0的Ⅰ型胚性愈伤组织中 ,经过膦丝菌素 (PPT)或潮霉素 (HygB)筛选 ,获得了再生植株。经PCR检测、Southernblot分析及Bt毒蛋白ELISA检测证实 ,外源基因已整合到玉米基因组中 ,并已获得表达。抗虫性分析结果表明 ,部分转基因玉米植株对玉米螟虫有较强的抗性。还比较了PPT和HygB两种筛选剂的筛选效果 ,表明PPT筛选的抗性愈伤组织的再生频率要高于HygB筛选的再生频率。     

影响农杆菌介导玉米优良自交系遗传转化的因素

以我国玉米骨干自交系9046,齐319,414,Mo17的幼胚为材料,在已经建立的农杆菌介导的玉米幼胚转化体系的基础上,研究了影响农杆菌介导玉米优良自交系遗传转化的因素,建立了优化的玉米优良自交系的遗传转化体系。研究结果表明,1．0—2．0mm的玉米幼胚是最适宜的转化受体;在感染液和共培养基中都加入乙酰丁香酮(200μmol／L)和抗坏血酸(50mg／L),能显著提高农杆菌对玉米的侵染能力;而感染前将幼胚高渗透压预处理未能提高转化率;延迟筛选有利于提高抗性愈伤组织的存活率。应用优化后的转化体系,获得了这4个玉米优良自交系的转基因植株,PCR阳性植株率为1．71％-4．09％。转化植株叶片总DNA的PCR和Southern杂交分析表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已经整合进了玉米基因组,并且在大多数转基因植株(71．4％)中为单位点插入。这一体系的建立,为进一步将有用基因导入玉米优良自交系奠定了基础。     

番茄红素β-环化酶基因的玉米转化及 后代遗传分析

利用农杆菌介导法将番茄红素β-环化酶基因(Lycb)转入由玉米自交系天塔五号植株,分析基因在T0转化及后代的遗传情况,结果表明,在27株T0转基因植株中,PCR初步检测后8株呈阳性;将T1代转基因植株以株系为单位用200mg/L草铵膦抗性筛选后,收获抗性植株种子。T2代转基因植株进一步进行PCR、RT-PCR和田间草铵膦涂抹检测,结果表明,PCR、RT-PCR为阳性的6个株系植株均具有草铵膦抗性。选取6株阳性植株提取叶片总类胡萝卜素,经HPLC分析其β-胡萝卜素含量显著高于野生型,表明目的基因Lycb成功的转入玉米,并得到了稳定遗传。     

RNA Interference-Based Transgenic Maize Resistant to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus

Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) is a widespread pathogenic virus that causes serious loss of yield in maize (Zea mays). RNA interference (RNAi) triggered by hairpin RNA (hpRNA) transcribed from a transgenic inverted-repeat sequence is an effective way to defend against viruses in plants. In this study, an hpRNA expression vector containing a sense arm and an antisense arm of 150 bp separated by an intron of the maize actin gene was constructed to target the P1 protein (protease) gene of MDMV and used to transform Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105. The transformed Agrobacterium strain was used to transform maize embryonic calli isolated from immature embryos by an improved culture technique. In all, 46 plants were regenerated after stringent hygromycin B selection, and 18 of them were certified to be positive by PCR amplification. Of these positive plants, 13 were grown to produce offspring, and nine were identified by Southern blotting to have the transgene integrated with one or two copies. The resistance of three T₂ lines was evaluated in a field trial of dual MDMV inoculation in two environments and was found to be improved compared with the non-transformed control. The disease indexes of the transgenic plant lines h2, 13, and h1 were not significantly different from the highly resistant control line H9-21. The viral titers of the inoculated plants were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), and the result was in accord with the resistance evaluated in the field trial. The addition of uniconazole S3307 (0.25 mg l⁻¹) and ABT root-promoting powder (0.5 mg l⁻¹) showed a significant improvement of hardening in regenerated plantlets, which were stronger and generated a better fibrous root system than the control. This improvement could facilitate the transgenic operation of maize.     

玉米矮花叶病毒CP基因dsRNA的原核表达与分离

根据玉米矮花叶病毒CP基因序列设计特异性引物,RT-PCR扩增玉米矮花叶病毒CP基因特异性干涉片段,将干涉片段及pUCCRNAi载体分别用BamH I及Sal I双酶切,然后将干涉片段分别正反向插入pUC- CRNAi载体中,构建CP基因反向重复克隆载体pUCCRNAi+2 F.再利用Pst I-Sal I位点插入到L...     

转基因抗矮花叶病玉米的遗传、表达及抗病性研究

目的：研究目的基因在转基因植株及其后代中遗传表达的稳定性,以及目的基因表达与抗病性的关系,最终得到转基因纯合株系。方法：以采用花粉介导法将RDV运动蛋白缺陷型（RDV MP^-）基因导入玉米自交系478的转基因种子（T0）作为试验材料,对其或其后代进行潮霉素抗性筛选、PCR检测、目的基因表达产物含量测定、农艺性状筛选,以及田间接种病毒的抗病鉴定。结果：通过潮霉素抗性筛选从T0种子获得了11株疑似转化植株;对T1、T2、T3代转基因植株的PCR分析证实目的基因已导入玉米植株,并显示随着转化植株世代交替,目的基因可稳定遗传给下一代,且目的基因在待测材料中的检出比例也随着代数的增加而提高;目的基因表达量的测定结果为1．83-11．57ng／mg叶片鲜重之间;田间接种玉米矮花叶病病毒试验结果证明转化植株比对照植株的抗矮花叶病能力有了显著提高,个别株系在T1代的发病率就为0,T1、T2、B代转化植株的抗病性逐代提高,比临近对照的抗病性提高2～5级;目的基因表达量与植株（系）的抗病性显著相关,r=0．923,P〈0．01;入选纯合系的农艺性状也有较大变化,穗粒数比对照系增加约5％。结论：通过以上方法,可以筛选到转基因抗病玉米纯合株系。     

超声波辅助农杆菌介导CP基因转化番木瓜（Carioca papaya L.）的有效方法

本研究探索了通过农杆菌介导,超声波辅助处理,转化番木瓜胚性愈伤组织,获得转基因植株的有效方法。分别将含有日本PLDMV外壳蛋白基因(PTi-Epj-TL-PLDMV)和含有台湾PRSV菌株、美国夏威夷PRSV菌株、泰国PRSV菌株及日本PLDMV菌株的多元外壳蛋白基因编码序列(PT—NP—YKT)插入双元栽体质粒pGA482G,借助于农杆菌系LBA4404将双元载体上的外壳蛋白基因和新霉素磷酸转移酶基因(nptⅡ)转移到番木瓜品种Sunset的胚性愈伤组织中,从而获得抗卡那霉素的转化再生植株。试验着重在转化方法上进行探索。结果表明,农杆菌过夜培养后,用高渗透压培养液(1／2MS 6％蔗糖 1％葡萄糖,pH5．7)调整至光密度OD600nm=15-0．20,然后用该菌液感染材料30min,其间辅以超声波处理,可以大大提高转化效率。用15ml无菌离心管装载胚性愈伤材料进行15s的超声波处理,在80块被转化的胚性愈伤中获得21个CP基因G转化系(26．3％),而在对照处理64块胚性愈伤中仅获得1个转化系(1．6％);在经过15s的超声波处理48块被转化的胚性愈伤中获得8个CP基因B转化系(16．7％),而在对照处理25块胚性愈伤中未出现转化系。上述操作方法用在两种CP基因转化上均表现出相似的效果。试验还表明：120mg／L是卡那霉素抗性筛选的最佳浓度。抗性筛选9个月后,在421块胚性愈伤组织中产生了42个抗卡那霉素的转化系。所获得的转基因植株分别用PCR和Southern印迹杂交进行了鉴定。     

An Unusual Feature at the N-terminal end of the Coat Protein of Maize dwarf mosaic virus isolated in Hungary

Maize dwarf mosaic is the most widespread virus disease affecting corn production in Hungary. In attempts to identify the causal virus by test plant reactions, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), only Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) was detected. To further characterize Hungarian isolates of MDMV, one isolate from each of the sweet corn varieties Dallas, Royalty and GH23‐85 was selected for sequence analysis of its coat protein (CP) gene. The three Hungarian isolates shared CP amino acid sequence similarities of 95–98% not only with one another but also with MDMV isolates from other countries. However, the N‐terminus of the CP of the ‘Dallas’ isolate was unusual in containing a stretch of 13 additional amino acids. This is the first report of variation in the size of the N‐terminus of the MDMV CP.     

转Zm13_Barnase基因玉米的获得及其花粉育性研究

5 mg·L-1 Bialaphos was determined to be the adequate concentration for selection of maize (Zea mays L.) calli on herbicide resistance after evaluating three concentrations of Bialaphos in three genotypes. The chimeric gene Zm13-Barnase was transferred into the embryogenic calli of maize by particle bombardment, and 24 normal plants were regenerated from the 32 herbicide-resistant calli obtained after six cycles of continuous selection under 5 mg·L-1 Bialaphos. PCR assay showed that 18 plants were positive for Barnase gene with a frequency of 75%. I-KI staining and pollen germination revealed that five plants were partially male-sterile. Southern blot analysis indicated integration of Barnase gene into maize genome.     

Plant Regeneration from the Protoplast Culture of Multitiller and Multispike Forage Maize and Seeding of the Regenerated Plant

This paper deals with systematic studies on the protoplast culture of multitiller and multispike forage maize, including selection of genotypes, induction and subculture of embryogenic calli, cell suspansion culture and protoplast culture. Methods such as liquid culture, nurse culture and agarose bead culture were used for protoplast culture. Four cell clones were obtained. Of which calli and embryoids derived from protoplasts were induced from 79, 55 and 79-8 three genotypes, and regenerated plants were acquired from 79 and 79-8. One of the regenerated plants, after being transplanted into soil, developed normally with flowering and earing. After self and cross pollinations three ears with normally developed seeds were obtained. These seeds germinated well in germination test.     

不同启动子控制下Ac转座酶基因的表达对玉米Ds因子在水稻中切离频率的影响

用水稻愈伤组织比较了Ac启动子、35S启动子与Ubi启动子控制下Ac转座酶基因（Ts）的表达对Ds因子切离频率的影响。结果表明Ubi启动子与Ac转座酶编码区嵌合基因（Ubipro-Ts）反式激活Ds因子的切离频率最高,达到了72.9%。通过杂交将Ubipro-Ts基因导入Ds因子转化植株,得到9株Ubipro-Ts基因与Ds因子共存的F1代杂交水稻植株,其中有8株Ds因子发生了切离。用Inverse-PCR的方法从其中一株杂交植株中克隆到Ds因子的旁邻序列,其DNA顺序与亲本中Ds因子原插入位点的序列不同,表明Ds因子转座到了新的基因组位点。     

Expression of Rice Stripe Virus Coat Protein Gene in Transgenic Rice Plants

Rice stripe virus (RSV) is a pathogen of rice stripe disease causing great damage to rice. The disease is transmitted by Laodelphax striatellus and three other planthoppers. RSV infects as much as 37 cereals including rice, wheat, maize and results in a significant reduction in yield in epidemic year. In order to develop efficient means of controlling the disease, authors have studied the amino acid composition of RSV coat protein (CP), synthesized and cloned the cDNA to CP, sequenced the full-length CP gene. Having inserted the RSV CP gene into plant expression vector pROK Ⅱ, authors transformed rice suspension culture via microprojectile bombardment and obtained transgenic plants expressing the CP gene. The suspension culture was initiated by inoculating yellowish, compact and embryogenic calli derived from seeds into suspension medium containing proline and maltose. After being cultured at 26℃ in the dark for about half a year, finely-dispersed and embryogenic suspension culture was estabolished. Before bombardment the suspension culture was evently applied onto three-layered filter-paper discs in a petri dish. CaCl2 and spermidine was employed to coat tungsten particle with plasmid DNA. 2.5 μl of coated particle was loaded onto bullet and each dish was bombarded three times. Immediately after being bombarded, the suspensions were cultured in modified N6 medium. 2 days later the suspensions were transferred to the same medium but containing G418, which were subcultured weekly. Being subject to G418 selection for two months, white and fast-growing clones were emerged from the brownish cultures. Green plants regenerated when the resistant calli were transferred to differentiation medium. The regenerated plants were firm enough to grow well in the greenhouse. 10 plants regenerated from G418 resistant calli were tested for their transformed nature by Southern blot using 32P-labelled CP gene as a probe. Among the plants tested, 2 plants showed clearly hy bridizing bands with a molecular weight corresponding to RSV CP gene. Western blot further demonstrated that RSV CP gene was expressed in transgenic rice plants. At present tests on the antiviral effects of transgenic plants by feeding plantphoppers infccted with RSV are being underway.     

几种玉米基因转移技术的研究及转基因植株的获得

用基因枪、超声波和子房注射法转化玉米,所用质粒pB48．415带有3’端截短的Bt毒蛋白基因和潮霉素磷酸转移酶(hpt)基因。用基因枪轰击玉米胚性愈伤组织和幼胚,超声波处理玉米胚性愈伤组织,用自制的微玻针注射授粉后l0～20h的玉米子房,均已成功地获得了转Bt基因的玉米檀株．点杂交和Southern吸印杂交的结果都证明在转基因玉米檀株中存在Bt毒蛋白基因。