肾盂输尿管肿瘤的超声显像(附31例分析)

本文报道31例经手术及病理证实的肾盂输尿管肿瘤超声诊断结果。其中肾盂癌21例,输尿管癌10例。超声漏诊1例,误诊4例。诊断符合率83.33％。肾盂癌声像图为集合系统内低回声肿块,近50％伴肾积水。输尿管癌声像图为病侧肾及肿瘤以上部输尿管积水。超声能检出2cm以上肾盂癌,1cm以上输尿管癌。还能发现区域淋巴结及远处转移。对肿瘤浸润也能了解。超声对小于1cm的癌肿难以检出。肾盂癌需与肾结核、肾盂内血块及肾实质癌侵犯肾盂相鉴别。影像学技术的联合应用有助于正确诊断肾盂输尿管肿瘤。     

输尿管囊肿的超声诊断价值探讨

目的:探讨超声显像对输尿管囊肿的诊断价值,提高本病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法:对我院例输尿管囊肿的超声检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果:全部病例均经手术病理证实,右侧11例,左侧11例,双侧2,5例合并重复肾及双输尿管,二维超声可直接显示输尿管囊肿形态、部位大小及其变化,超声诊断合率96%(25/26)。结论:超声显像诊断输尿管囊肿的符合率高,具有方便、快捷、经济、无创伤、无痛苦、重复性好、无需造影剂、可实时动态观察等优点,可迅速发现早期病变,直接观察囊肿部位、大小、形态、输尿管来源、输尿管开口位置、有无尿路出口梗阻及其多种并发症的诊断,可做为本病的常规首选检查项目。     

B超诊断肾输尿管畸形4例

临床诊断肾输尿管畸形较为困难,常借助于X线检查,B超的临床应用为其诊断提供了新的影象学依据,本文报告B超诊断2例马蹄肾和2例重肾、双肾盂、双输尿管畸形。资料与方法 4例中男女各2例,临床均未考虑畸     

超声评分法及肾动脉阻力指数对胎儿肾积水预后的评价价值分析

目的:研究超声评分法及肾动脉阻力指数(RRI)对胎儿肾积水预后的评价价值。方法:将从2016年1月2019年1月经我院超声检查发现的孕晚期肾积水胎儿210例纳入研究,测定其肾实质厚度(RPT)、肾盂前后径(APD)以及肾盂肾盏形态,对上述各项超声检测指标进行评分,累计计算分值。此外,对所有胎儿的积水肾脏肾门部位的RRI值进行测定,并以受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析超声评分法与RRI值诊断胎儿肾积水预后类型的价值。结果:所有胎儿出生1年内分别行超声检查以及临床诊断,结果显示210例胎儿,共计420只肾脏,共发生285只肾积水,包括病理性肾积水84只(病理性组),非病理性肾积水201只(非病理性组)。病理性肾积水胎儿超声评分为13分的肾只数占比显著低于非病理性胎儿(P<0.05),而79分的肾只数占比显著高于非病理性胎儿(P<0.05)。病理性肾积水胎儿的平均RRI值为0.74±0.05,显著高于非病理性肾积水胎儿的0.63±0.02,差异有统计学意义(t=26.563,P=0.000)。超声评分法与RRI联合诊断病理性肾积水的曲线下面积(AUC)、敏感度、特异度、准确度均显著高于超声评分法或RRI单独诊断(P<0.05)。结论:超声评分法及RRI诊断对胎儿肾积水预后评价具有较重要的价值,值得临床推广应用。     

219例输尿管结石的超声诊断分析

目的探讨超声诊断输尿管结石的价值和意义,降低误诊率。方法采用MINDRAY DC-3型和ALOKA SSC-390型超声诊断仪对219例输尿管结石患者进行诊断,并对临床资料及超声特征进行总结分析。结果本组219例中,经临床证实211例,诊断符合率为96.3%;误诊8例,误诊率为3.7%。输尿管结石的典型超声声像图特征表现为弧形光带或椭圆形光团,后方伴声影。结论超声可作为临床诊断输尿管结石的首选方法。     

妊娠合并上尿路结石致肾绞痛的临床诊治策略

目的:探讨妊娠期上尿路结石致肾绞痛的诊断和治疗方法.方法:对103例妊娠期上尿路结石致肾绞痛患者的临床资料及诊治过程进行分析,结合文献讨论本病的临床特点及诊治方法.结果:92例B型超声检查发现结石,11例仅发现患侧肾脏积水.所有患者均先行保守治疗;期间14例行输尿管置管术,7例行输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石术,2例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术;101例患者顺利足月分娩;2例终止妊娠,孕妇平安.结论:妊娠期上尿路结石的诊断首选超声检查.对于有症状发作者保守治疗是主要治疗方法.治疗用药物应注意保护胎儿.对于顽固性肾绞痛患者,外科治疗首选逆行插管引流尿液,必要时可选择输尿管镜检查或经皮肾穿刺.开放手术为最后的治疗手段.     

产前超声诊断胎儿单脐动脉及其与胎儿异常的应用价值研究

目的:探究产前超声诊断在胎儿单脐动脉与胎儿异常中的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析自2014年12月~2016年8月于我院行超声检查且确诊为单脐动脉的胎儿58例,观察并记录其超声表现,并对其合并其它异常病症、脐动脉缺失的侧别进行分析。结果:所有入组孕妇中于20周前发现单脐动脉胎儿7例,于孕21~24周检测发现单脐动脉胎儿32例,于孕25~28周检测出单脐动脉胎儿13例,于孕28周发现单脐动脉胎儿6例。左侧脐动脉缺失36例,右侧脐动脉缺失22例,孤立型脐动脉缺失27例,合并其它组织器官畸形31例。27例孤立型脐动脉缺失胎儿仅存1例S/D值明显升高,其余均处于正常状态。胎儿染色体检测结果为27例孤立型单脐动脉中5例染色体表现为多态性,其他染色体结果均显示正常;31例合并其它组织结构异常的单脐动脉中8例染色体结果显示异常。58例单脐动脉胎儿中活产23例,引产30例,死于宫内5例。结论:单脐动脉与胎儿畸形异常密切相关,且经产前超声检查可有助于明确胎儿单脐动脉的发生发展,对改善孕妇妊娠结局具有重要意义。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗输尿管上段结石合并轻度肾积水疗效观察

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗输尿管上段结石合并轻度肾积水的临床疗效。方法选取我院收治的140例输尿管上段结石合并轻度肾积水患者为研究对象,将患者随机分为对照组和观察组各70例,对照组70例行经后腹腔镜输尿管、肾盂切开取石术治疗,观察组行微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗,比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果两组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠道功能恢复时间及住院时间、血清炎性因子水平方面比较,观察组均明显优于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的结石清除率与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论输尿管上段结石合并轻度肾积水患者实施微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗的效果显著,有利改善患者血清炎性因子水平,值得推广应用。     

超声诊断持续性右脐静脉合并畸形的价值及其对于胎儿预后意义研究

目的:探讨超声诊断持续性右脐静脉(PRUV)合并畸形的价值及其对于胎儿预后意义研究。方法:收集我院2014年1月至2020年1月定期产检的孕妇6258例。对所有胎儿行超声心动图产前评估,对发现存在PRUV的胎儿进一步确诊。对所有PRUV病例进行胎儿超声心动图详细的解剖扫描,以确定是否合并有其他畸形。在我院分娩的孕妇病例系统均详细记录有孕妇和胎儿的住院情况。对未在我院分娩的PRUV胎儿进行电话随访,以了解胎儿出生时的情况。对26例PRUV胎儿均进行了至少为期12个月的电话随访,以了解胎儿的预后情况。结果:PRUV超声表现为脐静脉向胆囊外侧和右侧走行,可能与向胃方向走行的右门静脉融合(肝内型),也可能流入右心房、下腔静脉心下部分或髂静脉(肝外型)。在肝内型变异中,脐静脉与右门静脉在静脉窦处融合,胎盘血液继续流入静脉导管,最终流入下腔静脉。在6258例定期产检孕妇中共发现26例患有PRUV的胎儿,PRUV发生率为0.42%(26/6258),其中肝内型为0.39%(24/6258),肝外型为0.03%(2/6258)。单纯型PRUV胎儿(除PRUV外不合并其他畸形)16例,占61.54%(16/26),其中1例因胎儿体重过大行剖腹产,产后胎儿健康;其余胎儿均自然分娩,产后胎儿健康。非单纯型PRUV胎儿(除PRUV外合并其他畸形)10例,占38.46%(10/26),其中8例为肝内型PRUV,2例为肝外型PRUV。8例非单纯型肝内型PRUV中,法洛四联症伴单脐动脉胎儿生后手术治疗,预后较差,1岁时因感染性心内膜炎死亡;房间隔缺损生后随访自行关闭,胎儿健康;其余胎儿生后手术治疗,预后良好。2例非单纯型肝外型PRUV分别合并肢端畸形和大动脉转位,1例宫内死亡,1例剖腹产后1周因心力衰竭死亡。结论:详细的产前超声检查可用于确诊PRUV及其可能合并畸形。单纯型PRUV胎儿预后良好,非单纯型PRUV胎儿预后则取决于伴随畸形的类型和严重程度,且非单纯型肝外型PRUV预后不佳、死亡率较高。     

妊娠中晚期胎儿轻度侧脑室增宽的超声诊断

目的:研究妊娠中晚期轻度侧脑室增宽胎儿的超声表现以及妊娠结局情况。方法:回顾性分析我院产前诊断的60例轻度侧脑室增宽的胎儿的声像图资料,均经引产或产后随访证实。结果:60例胎儿中,孤立性者42例,合并其它畸形的轻度侧脑室增宽者18例(1例NTD高风险,2例21-三体高风险)。30例单侧,30例双侧,脑室宽度为10.5~14.5 mm,平均宽度13.1 mm。22例终止妊娠,32例(包括2例双胎之一)产前超声侧脑室随访变为正常宽度,4例产后随访正常,2例产后超声和MRI证实为脑积水。结论:超声是诊断胎儿轻度侧脑室增宽的重要影像学手段,对指导妊娠结局有重要意义。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.