地佐辛预防舒芬太尼诱发患者全麻诱导期呛咳反应的可行性研究

目的:观察静脉预先注射地佐辛对全麻诱导期间舒芬太尼诱发的呛咳反应的影响.方法:选择拟行全麻手术患者80例,采用随机数字表法,将患者随机分为地佐辛组(A组)和对照组(B组),每组各40例,对照组不推注地佐辛;地佐辛组于麻醉诱导前8分钟静脉推注地佐辛0.1 mg/kg.观察两组舒芬太尼注射后的呛咳发生率、程度及呛咳前后的血流动力学的变化.结果:地佐辛组没有发生呛咳,而对照组呛咳发生率为72.5％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在发生呛咳反射前后收缩压、舒张压、心率有明显差异(P＜0.05).结论:预先静脉注射地佐辛可有效预防麻醉诱导期间舒芬太尼所致的呛咳.     

地佐辛复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉应用于无痛胃肠镜检查的临床观察

目的:观察地佐辛复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉在无痛胃肠镜检查中的临床应用效果。方法:选取接受100例无痛胃肠镜检查的患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例,观察组采用地佐辛复合丙泊酚麻醉,对照组采用芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉,比较两组患者麻醉起效时间、意识消失时间、术后睁眼时间、丙泊酚用量以及呼吸和血液动力学变化。结果:1观察组患者睁眼时间、丙泊酚用量显著低于对照组,比较差异均有统计学意义(t1=2.243,t2=69.724,t3=2.451,均P0.05);2对照组患者麻醉前、插管后1min、术中、术毕30min组内RR、SpO2比较差异有统计学意义(F1=12.442,F2=99.133,P0.05),插管后1min、术中两项指标均降低,MAP、HR组内比较差异无统计学意义(F1=15.241,F2=11.383,P0.05);而观察组患者MAP、HR、RR、SpO2组内比较差异无统计学意义(F1=9.34,F2=12.35,F3=5.34,F4=12.83,均P0.05)。3观察组患者不良反应发生率为4%,明显低于对照组的12%,比较差异有统计学意义(c2=8.452,P0.05)。结论:地佐辛复合丙泊酚麻醉应用于无痛胃肠镜检查镇痛效果好,安全性高,值得推广应用。     

美普他酚及其同分异构体对角叉菜胶引起的炎症大鼠具有抗热痛敏作用

实验以清醒大鼠的缩腿潜伏期为指标,观察了腹腔注射美普他酚及其同分异构体112824和112825对角叉菜胶引起的热痛敏的影响.外周炎症由单侧足底注射角叉菜胶(2 mg/100 μl)引起.注射角叉菜胶3 h后,注射侧后肢局部红肿及热痛过敏反应达到高峰,持续数小时.腹腔注射0.1 mg/kg美普他酚对炎症和非炎症侧后肢的缩腿潜伏期无明显影响(P＞0.05,n=8).腹腔注射1mg/kg和10 mg/kg美普他酚对炎症和非炎症侧后肢产生明显的抗痛敏和抗伤害效应,且对炎症侧缩腿反应的抑制(抗痛敏)作用明显强于非炎症侧(抗伤害)(P＜0.05,n=8～11).预先腹腔注射1.5 mg/kg纳洛酮明显阻断美普他酚引起的抗伤害和抗痛敏效应.腹腔注射美普他酚的同分异构体112824(1 mg/kg)和112825(1.5 ms/kg)可产生与美普他酚类似的抗痛敏作用,该效应可被预先腹腔注射1.5 mg/kg纳洛酮完全阻断.提示美普他酚及其同分异构体具有明显抗伤害和抗痛敏作用,且以后者为强.该作用主要通过mu阿片受体介导.本研究为扩展美普他酚及其同分异构体在临床上的应用提供了依据.     

不同注药方法对丙泊酚注射痛的影响

目的:比较不同注射部位对丙泊酚注射痛的影响.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ自愿接受无痛人工流产手术患者200例,随机分为4组,(n=50).Ⅰ组手背静脉推注丙泊酚;Ⅱ组肘部静脉推注丙泊酚;Ⅲ组肘部推注20mg 2%利多卡因后即刻静脉推注丙泊酚;Ⅳ组手背推注20mg 2%利多卡因后即刻静脉推注丙泊酚.记录各组患者的疼痛分级评分.结果:Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组比较丙泊酚注射痛无差异;Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较丙泊酚注射痛无差异;Ⅱ组与Ⅳ组比较发生丙泊酚注射痛的程度轻.结论:选择肘部静脉静推丙泊酚且无需预推利多卡因注射痛最轻.     

地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者全麻诱导的效果

目的:观察地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者乳腺癌手术全麻诱导的临床效果。方法:选择我院择期行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者90例,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,n=30。Ⅰ组给予芬太尼2~5μg/kg,Ⅱ组给予地佐辛0.2~0.3 mg/kg,Ⅲ组持续输注右美托咪定1μg/(kg·h)10 min后给予地佐辛0.2~0.3 mg/kg,三组患者均常规行全麻诱导。记录围插管期的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并测定T0、T1、T2、T3时血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)的浓度,同时记录患者拔管即刻、拔管后1 min的MAP、HR及术中给予的心血管活性药物的总剂量等情况。结果:Ⅰ组患者MAP、HR在T1、T2、T5时刻的数值及围插管期血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度变化分别与其前一时点相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ两组围插管期血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度虽然都有波动,但与前一时点比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者乳腺癌手术全麻诱导不仅可以有效抑制气管插管应激反应,维持术中血流动力学稳定,降低患者术后对疼痛的敏感性,而且对患者术后意识、呼吸等恢复没有影响。     

右美托咪定术后持续泵注对老年肺癌患者术后心律失常的影响

目的:观察右美托咪定术后持续泵注对老年肺癌患者术后心律失常的影响。方法:选取在我院胸科接受手术治疗的肺癌患者100例,随机分成2组(n=50):地佐辛+氟比洛芬酯组(A组)和地佐辛+氟比洛芬酯+右美托咪定组(B组)。手术结束前半小时静注地佐辛5 mg和氟比洛芬酯100 mg,术毕连接患者自控镇痛泵(PCIA)。A组中加入地佐辛20 mg和氟比洛芬酯300 mg,而B组中加入地佐辛20 mg和氟比洛芬酯300 mg和80μg的右美托咪定。观察并记录患者术后4 h,8 h,24 h和48 h的VAS疼痛评分、Ramsay镇静评分及不良反应(维持VAS评分≤4分,Ramsay评分2~4分),监测心电图,记录心律失常发生情况。结果:A、B两组术后疼痛、镇静分级、不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义。A组中17例患者术后发生心律失常,明显高于B组(4例)(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定可减少老年肺癌患者术后心律失常的发生,且无明显不良反应。     

链脲佐菌素诱导C57小鼠1型糖尿病模型的研究

目的:通过小剂量多次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导建立与人类1型糖尿病相似的C57小鼠糖尿病模型,研究建模剂量和成模率。方法:将32只C57小鼠随机分为正常对照组(A)和实验组(B)。实验组(B)可分为低、中、高剂量组(50 mg/kg、70mg/kg、90 mg/kg)(n=8)。两组都喂普通饲料1周后,B组连续5天腹腔注射不同剂量STZ,测定注射前、注射后1周、2周、3周、4周、5周的空腹血糖和体重,观察小鼠饮食、饮水和排尿情况。STZ注射第3周进行口服糖耐量实验(OGTT)。结果:给药前A、B组体重和血糖无显著差异,给药1周后,B组饮水量和进食量明显增加,体重减轻。C57小鼠用药2周后,中剂量组达到建模标准,成模率75%。各剂量组均出现了糖耐量异常。结论:诱导建立C57小鼠1型糖尿病模型方法是连续5日腹腔注注射STZ,适宜剂量为70 mg/kg。     

不同剂量氯胺酮复合顺式阿曲库铵预注对肌松效应的影响

目的比较顺式阿曲库铵预注、不同剂量氯胺酮复合顺式阿曲库铵预注对顺式阿曲库铵起效时间、血流动力学的影响。方法选择全麻下行择期手术的患者120例随机分成4组,即Ⅰ(生理盐水0.5ml)组、Ⅱ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg)组、Ⅲ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg预注复合氯胺酮0.5mg/kg)组、Ⅳ(顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg预注复合氯胺酮1mg/kg)组,预注、预处理3min后,Ⅰ组静注插管剂量顺式阿曲库铵0.15mg/kg,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组静注剩余插管剂量顺式阿曲库铵0.14mg/kg。使用四个成串刺激(TOF),待T1达最大抑制程度时行气管插管,记录肌松起效时间,同时观察HR、BP的变化。结果Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组肌松起效时间明显短于Ⅰ组(P0.05),且Ⅲ、Ⅳ组起效时间较Ⅱ组短(P0.05),但Ⅲ、Ⅳ组起效时间比较无统计学意义(P0.05);各组麻醉诱导期间均无明显心血管不良反应。结论氯胺酮0.5mg/kg复合顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg、氯胺酮1mg/kg复合顺式阿曲库铵0.01mg/kg均能进一步缩短肌松起效时间,且无明显心血管不良反应。     

三七总皂苷预处理对急性内脏痛大鼠星形胶质细胞的影响

目的:探讨三七总皂苷预处理对急性内脏痛大鼠的影响,初步阐述三七总皂苷对急性内脏痛的影响机制。方法:成年雌性SD大鼠54只随机分为正常组(n=6),生理盐水预处理组(n=24),三七总皂苷预处理组(n=24)。正常组常规条件饲养,不做干预及建立急性内脏痛模型;生理盐水预处理组和三七总皂苷预处理组大鼠分别预先腹腔注射生理盐水(2.86 ml/kg)或7 mg/ml的三七总皂苷(2.86 ml/kg),每12 h一次,连续7 d,第8天腹腔注射1%乙酸(10 mg/kg),建立急性内脏痛模型,立即观测SD大鼠扭体反应。按(30、60、90、180 min)不同存活时间处死动物,免疫组化法观测脊髓背角GFAP的表达变化。结果:VPI评分显示,三七总皂苷能显著下调内脏痛模型VPI评分,减轻疼痛。免疫组化显示在相同时间点,三七总皂苷预处理组大鼠GFAP表达弱于生理盐水预处理组,尤其在30、60、90 min存活组。结论:对SD大鼠急性内脏痛模型预先腹腔注射三七总皂苷可以抑制脊髓胶质细胞激活,从而减轻急性内脏痛。     

不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果观察

目的：观察不同剂量地佐辛用于腹腔镜妇科手术超前镇痛的效果。方法：将90例ASAI．II级、年龄18~60岁拟行腹腔镜妇科手术的患者随机分成3组,每组30例,A组给予地佐辛0．1mg／kg开皮前15rain静脉注射;B组给予地佐辛0．15mg／kg开皮前15min静脉注射;C组给予地佐辛0．2mg／kg开皮前15min静脉注射,采用VAS评分评估术后镇痛效果并观察术后辅助镇痛药物的使用和不良反应的发生情况。结果：B、c组术后2、4、6、8h的VAS评分明显低于A组（P〈0．05）;C组术后2、4h的Ramsay评分明显高于A、B组（P〈0.05）;A组术后辅助镇痛药的使用率明显高于B组和C组（P／0．05）;3组不良反应的发生率比较均无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：开皮前15rain静注地佐辛0．15mg／kg用于腹腔镜妇科手术镇痛效果好,且不增加不良反应的发生率。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.