糖尿病肾病与非糖尿病肾病维持性血液透析患者血钙、血磷及甲状旁腺激素水平的分析

目的：探讨糖尿病肾病（diabtic nephropgthy,DN）与非糖尿病肾病（non-DN）维持性血液透析患者（maintenance hemodialysis,MHD）血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素（intact parathyroid hormone,iPTH）水平的差异;分析其血钙、血磷、iPTH和糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c）水平的相关性。方法：选择沈阳军区总医院血液透析中心收治的148例MHD患者,分为糖尿病组（58例）和非糖尿病组（90例）,比较两组间血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素水平的差异,并分析其血钙、血磷、iPTH、HbA1c水平的相关性。结果：糖尿病组iPTH、血磷水平均明显低于非糖尿病组（P〈0.05）,两组血钙水平比较无明显差异。在非DN组中,iPTH与血钙水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.320,P=0.036）,iPTH与血磷水平呈明显正相关（r=0.426,P=0.005）。在DN组中,iPTH与血钙、血磷无显著相关性,而iPTH与HbA1C水平呈显著负相关（r=-0.732,P=0.007）。结论：糖尿病肾病血液透析患者的iPTH水平和血磷水平明显低于非糖尿病肾病血液透析患者,HbA1c可能抑制iPTH的分泌。     

低钙透析液联合醋酸钙对血液透析患者高磷血症的影响

目的：研究低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗对血液透析患者血磷、血钙及甲状旁腺激素iPTH水平的影响。方法：将30例维持性血液透析患者随机分为试验组和对照组,在试验期间所有患者均低磷饮食,两组透析液钙浓度均为1．25mmol／L,试验组同时给予醋酸钙治疗,对照组不应用醋酸钙治疗,三个月后观察和比较两组患者的血钙、血磷及血iPTH水平的变化。结果：治疗前,两组各组血磷、血钙、血磷和血iPTH的水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后,对照组血钙水平明显下降（P〈0．05）,血iPTH水平略上升但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,血磷水平无显著变化（P〉0．05）;试验组血iPTH水平略下降（P〉0．05）,血钙水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）,但血磷明显下降（P〈0．05）;且试验组血磷水平较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）,血钙水平显著高于对照组（P〈O．05）,但在正常范围内,两组血iPTH水平比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗可有效降低血液透析患者的血磷水平,且不会导致高钙血症的发生。     

不同血液透析方法对终末期肾病患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：观察不同血液透析方法对终末期肾病患者钙磷代谢的影响。方法：以120例终末期肾病患者为例,比较3种透析方式：血液透析、血液透析滤过、高通量血液透析（各40例）对终末期肾病患者的钙磷代谢及甲状旁腺素的影响。结果：3组透析方法中,HFHD、HDF组治疗前后血钙、磷含量差异有统计学意义,血钙升高,血磷、甲状旁腺素得到较好的清除（P〈0．05）。结论：HFHD、HDF透析使低钙血症改善,血清磷、PTH下降显著。这说明HF,HD、HDF透析对改善钙磷代谢紊乱有积极作用,能有效预防甲旁亢。     

血液透析滤过和血液透析联合血液灌流治疗尿毒症伴皮肤瘙痒的疗效

目的：探讨不同透析模式对长期行血液透析（hemodialysis,HD）尿毒症伴皮肤瘙痒患者的治疗效果。方法：采用回顾性方法,选择规律性行HD尿毒症伴皮肤瘙瘁患者46例,根据患者接受治疗的模式分为血液透析滤过组（HDF组）和血液透析联合血液灌流组（HP／HD组）,收集患者皮肤瘙痒、血清甲状旁腺素（PTH）、B2．微球蛋白（p2一MG）等指标资料进行分析。结果：HDF和HP／HD治疗后。患者皮肤瘙痒症状得到有效缓解（P〈0．05）,且HP／HD组缓解率（91-3％）显著高于HDF组（65．2％）;两组血清B2．MG、PTH均下降（P〈0．05）,HP／HD组132-MG清除率（69．0±4．3％）显著高于HDF组（57．1±4．1％）,两组在清除PTH方面无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：HP／HD和HDF治疗能很好的清除患者体内B2-MG、PTH等中分子物质,改善顽固性皮肤瘙痒症状效果显著,且HP／HD改善效果更明显。     

高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能衰竭患者中的疗效对比

目的:探讨高通量血液透析与血液透析滤过在慢性肾功能患者中的疗效。方法:选取2007年3月～2010年6月在我院进行维持性血液透析患者52例并随机分为2组:高通量透析(HPD()n=26)和血液透析滤过(HDF)组(n=26)。两组患者均每周透析2次,每次4h,对两组患者进行1年临床观察。比较两组治疗前、后尿毒症患者血肌酐、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)、血磷、PTH的清除作用及对血脂的影响。结果:两组患者KT/V及透析前后血BUN、Cr的下降率无显著性差异。HDF组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前增高(5.17±15.09)%,HPD组透析1年后β2-MG较透析前下降(12.32±3.2 7)%,P<0.0 1。HDF组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前增高(6.59±14.13)%,HPD组透析1年后甲状旁腺激素较透析前下降(19.07±5.27)%,P<0.01。HPD、HDF两组血磷下降率分别为(56.4 4±14.83)%、(43.94±17.96)%,P<0.05,HDF组患者透析1年后其血清甘油三酯(TG)水平相比于透析前血清TG水平上升了(22.4 2±9.52)%,HPD组1年后TG较透析前下降(2 3.81±9.93)%,P<0.05。结论:高通量血液透析能有效清除β2-MG、甲状旁腺激素、对血磷的清除效果也优于血液透析滤过,对血脂代谢也有显著改善作用。     

醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响

目的：研究并评价醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析患者钙磷代谢的影响,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法：以2013 年 8 月至2015 年2 月在我院进行维持性血液透析的50 例患者作为研究对象,按照随机法分为两组,其中对照组患者给予醋酸钙治 疗,研究组患者给予醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀治疗,比较两组患者治疗前后全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积的变化。结果：与对 照组比较,研究组患者全段甲状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积水平均在正常范围内,较对照组有明显改善(P<0.05);研究组全段甲 状旁腺素、血钙、血磷、钙磷乘积达标率分别为68.00%、84.00%、64.00%、80.00%,与对照组比较,血磷达标率不具有统计学差异 (P＞0.05);全段甲状旁腺素、血钙及钙磷乘积达标率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：醋酸钙联合左卡尼汀对维持性血液透析 患者甲状旁腺素、钙磷代谢的改善效果较单用醋酸钙更佳。     

血液透析联合血液透析滤过对患者营养及微炎症指标的影响

目的:探讨血液透析(HD)联合血液透析滤过(HDF)对维持性血液透析(MHD)患者营养及微炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2005年12月到2014年12月在我院接受治疗的140例MHD患者,随机分为HD组(n=70)和HD+HDF组(n=70)。比较两组患者治疗前后营养不良-炎症评分(MIS)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、握力(HS)、肱三头肌皮褶厚度(TSF)的变化。结果:治疗后,HD+HDF组患者MIS明显降低,ALB、PA、Hb、HS、TSF明显升高(均P0.05),且各指标改善程度均优于HD组(均P0.05);治疗后,HD+HDF组患者相比于治疗前和HD组治疗后,CRP、IL-6明显降低(均P0.05)。结论:HD联合HDF较单纯HD能更好的改善患者营养状态,减轻微炎症反应。     

司维拉姆对规律血液透析高磷血症患者血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨司维拉姆对规律血液透析高磷血症患者血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法:收集我院规律血液透析高磷血症患者36例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各18例。对照组给予醋酸钙片;观察组给予碳酸司维拉姆。治疗结束后,比较两组患者血磷、血钙、甲状旁腺激素(i PTH)、钙磷乘积、碳酸氢盐、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及血清炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗后血磷、钙磷乘积、LDL-C及hs-CRP水平降低(P0.05),血钙、碳酸氢盐水平升高(P0.05);观察组i PTH水平与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:司维拉姆对规律血液透析高磷血症具有显著疗效,能降低血磷钙磷乘积、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平及升高血钙、碳酸氢盐水平。(司维拉姆的一个重要作用就是不升高血钙!写反了,倒是醋酸钙可能升高血钙)     

复方α-酮酸联合血液透析和血液灌流治疗慢性肾衰竭的疗效及对钙磷代谢的影响

目的:研究复方α-酮酸联合血液透析和血液灌流治疗慢性肾衰竭(CRF)的临床疗效及对钙磷代谢的影响。方法:选择94例CRF患者为研究对象,按照随机数表法将患者分为联合组与对照组各47例。对照组采用血液透析、血液灌流进行治疗,联合组则在对照组基础之上联合使用复方α-酮酸治疗。比较治疗前及治疗6个月后两组患者肾功能指标[血清胱抑素C(Cys C)、血清肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)]及钙磷代谢(血钙、血磷)变化,并分析治疗6个月后两组患者疗效及治疗6个月内药物不良反应发生情况差异。结果:治疗6个月后,联合组治疗总有效率明显高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者Cys C、Scr、BUN及血磷水平均较治疗前显著降低,且联合组明显低于同一时间对照组(P0.05)。两组患者血钙水平均较治疗前显著升高,且联合组明显高于同一时间对照组(P0.05)。治疗6个月内,两组患者药物不良反应总发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:复方α-酮酸联合血液透析和血液灌流治疗CRF的疗效显著,且能够改善肾功能与钙磷代谢,对患者疾病转归有利。     

西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆对血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者钙磷代谢、FGF23/Klotho轴和心血管事件的影响

摘要 目的：观察西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆对血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）患者钙磷代谢、成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）/Klotho轴和心血管事件的影响。方法：选取2018年3月-2020年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的200例血液透析并发SHPT患者,根据随机数字表法分成观察组（n=100）与对照组（n=100）。对照组患者接受碳酸司维拉姆治疗,观察组患者接受西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆治疗,两组患者均连续治疗3个月。观察两组疗效以及钙磷代谢指标、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、甲状旁腺体积、FGF23、Klotho水平变化,记录治疗期间发生的心血管事件。结果：观察组的临床总有效率较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血钙升高,血磷、钙磷乘积下降（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗后血钙较对照组高,血磷、钙磷乘积较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血清iPTH水平下降,甲状旁腺体积缩小,且观察组的变化程度较对照组大（P<0.05）。两组治疗后Klotho水平升高,FGF23水平下降,且观察组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的非致死性心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆治疗血液透析并发SHPT患者疗效显著,可调节钙磷代谢,降低血清iPTH水平,缩小甲状旁腺体积,调节Klotho、FGF23水平,降低非致死性心血管事件发生率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.