黑斑蛙早期胚胎发育过程中乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的初步研究

本文采用聚丙烯聚酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对河南新乡地黑斑蛙（Ｒａｎａ ｎｉｇｒｏｍａｃｕｌａｔａ）早期胚胎发育过程中（受精后０－３２４ｈ）乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶进行了研究。结果表明：ＬＤＨ１自始至终存在,且活性一直占绝对优势;ＬＤＨ５于心跳期出现,该期以后其活性仅次于ＬＤＨ１;ＬＤＨ２于囊胚早期开始出现,其活性一直较弱;ＬＤＨ３和ＬＤＨ４均于开口期少量出现,以后前者为活性一直极弱,后者则呈现一定的活     

中国林蛙早期胚胎发育过程同工酶的研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对中国林蛙（Rana chensinensis)早期胚胎发育过程中（受精后0－512h)乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶和酯酶（EST）同工酶进行了研究,结果表明：1．LDH同工酶在受精卵及早期胚胎发育过程中一直存在,并且在胚胎发育的不同时期差异显著,LDH1同工酶在胚胎发育的各个阶段都占绝对优势,而DH5活性从尾芽期开始增强,LDH2,LDH3,LDH4 3种同工酶的活性较;低同时也发现LDH1,LDH3,LDH4同工酶各亚带也发育阶段的特异性,2．EST同工酶在开口期才开始出现。     

泽蛙雌核单倍体几种用工酶基因表达的研究

本研究用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳,比较泽蛙雌核生殖单倍体和泽蛙二倍体在鳃盖闭合期的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶（LDH）、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶（MDH）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶同工酶（G-6-PDH）和酯酶同工酶（EST）的表型。实验表明,单倍体的上述同工酶区带数和活力与同胚期的二倍体比较,差异甚大。由此,作者认为,泽蛙单倍体同工酶基因的表达异常是由于缺少另一套染色体基因的相互作用。     

阿维菌素对黑斑侧褶蛙毒理效应的研究

本文选用生物农药阿维菌素作为染毒试剂,以农田中常见黑斑侧褶蛙Pelophylax nigromaculatus为研究对象,分别从急性毒性、亚急性毒性、遗传毒性和生理毒性四个方面的实验综合探讨了阿维菌素对黑斑侧褶蛙的生态毒理学效应。急性毒性实验结果表明,阿维菌素对黑斑侧褶蛙24h、48h、72h、96h的LC50分别为:0.3227mg/L、0.0966mg/L、0.0623mg/L、0.0432mg/L,其对黑斑侧褶蛙的安全浓度(SC)为0.004316mg/L。亚急性毒性实验结果表明,暴露期间,随着浓度的升高,毒害作用越大,其对黑斑侧褶蛙肝脏组织损害也越大,而经恢复期后,各实验组肝脏组织受损程度较暴露期都有降低。红细胞核异常及微核诱导实验结果表明,微核和核异常现象与阿维菌素浓度的相关性有一定的范围;随着时间的延长,红细胞核异常率及微核率先上升后下降。肝脏LDH同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳实验结果表明,在一定时间条件下,随浓度的升高,LDH1和LDH2酶带活性呈现降低趋势,LDH4酶带活性无明显变化,LDH5酶带活性先升高后再降低,在同一浓度条件下,随着时间的延长,肝脏LDH同工酶活性均呈升高的趋势。实验结果表明阿维菌素对黑斑侧褶蛙能够造成不同程度的生理、病理及遗传性损伤。     

泽蛙雌核单倍体几种同工酶基因表达的研究

本研究用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳,比较泽蛙雌核生殖单倍体和泽蛙二倍体在鳃盖闭合期的乳酸脱氢酶同工酶(LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶(MDH)、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶同工酶(G-6-PDH)和酯酶同工酶(EST)的表型。实验表明,单倍体的上述同工酶区带数和活力与同胚期的二倍体比较,差异甚大。由此,作者认为,泽蛙单倍体问工酶基因的表达异常是由于缺少另一套染色体基因的相互作用。     

大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠脑组织SOD、LDH同工酶的影响

利用SOD和LDH同工酶电泳分析,研究大豆黄酮对衰老小鼠的抗氧化作用。结果显示大豆黄酮没有改变SOD和LDH同工酶谱的特征,但对因衰老引起的小鼠脑组织LDH和SOD同工酶活性、各组分的相对活性和比活力的变化有不同程度的改善作用,即LDH同工酶中LDH-2、LDH-3的活性明显下降,LDH-1的活性下降最为明显,而LDH-4的活性有所下降,但不显著,LDH-5的活性几乎没有变化,SOD同工酶的SOD-1和SOD-2的活性有不同程度的升高。这表明大豆黄酮是通过抑制LDH同工酶H亚基的合成来降低LDH的活性,而对M亚基的合成没有影响,并且能够促进SOD同工酶SOD-1和SOD-2的合成,不影响其遗传稳定性。     

东方铃蟾不同发育阶段乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的变化

东方铃蟾乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的表达在不同发育阶段以及不同的组织有其特异性。心脏中以LDH-1占优势,骨骼肌和肝脏中以LDH-5占优势,脑中LDH-1与LDH-5的相对含量接近。从鳃盖期至成体,心、肝、骨骼肌的LDH同工酶谱型不发生转换。心脏的LDH同工酶含量无阶段间的差异;肝、骨骼肌的LDH同工酶相对含量变化发生在从尾退化期至成体这一时期。在尾退化期,脑中LDH同工酶谱型发生转换,但LDH同工酶相对含量变化的幅度较小。     

镉对蟾蜍的4种器官乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的影响

以腹腔注射法对蟾蜍(Bufo bufo gargarizans)给镉,处理一周后,观察了4种镉中毒浓度(0．1、0．2、0．4、0．8mg／kg)条件下的蟾蜍心、肝、肾和睾丸中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶的变化。结果表明：随着镉中毒浓度的升高,心脏LDH同工酶的活性明显升高,睾丸LDH同工酶的活性明显下降,肝中的LDH1、LDH2、LDH3、LDH5在0．4、0．8mg／kg浓度组酶活性明显增加,而LDH4则明显减弱,肾中LDH1的活性随镉浓度的升高而明显升高,其它各酶带活性出现先增强而后又逐渐减弱的现象。结果提示了镉对蟾蜍主要器官LDH同工酶的影响具有组织差异性。     

金鱼(Carassius auratus L.)同工酶的发生遗传学研究 Ⅱ.金鱼胚胎发育不同时期乳酸脱氢酶同工酶分析

采用垂直平板淀粉胶电泳方法,对西吉彩鲫、红高头金鱼胚胎发育不同时期乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行分析比较。研究结果表明,在游动期以前,各个发育阶段的LDH同工酶谱带基本相似。而在游动期以后,随着肝组织的形成,LDH同工酶谱带开始增加,出现了偏向负极的显示肝组织特征的谱带。这表明,细胞分化期间,LDH同工酶的特异性在一种或多种细胞类群中存在。组织和器官的分化与某些基因的活动有关。西吉彩鲫、红高头金鱼在胚胎发育时期LDH同工酶谱带差异不明显,从整个发育时期LDH同工酶发展趋势上看十分相似。这也为金鱼起源于野生的红、黄色金鲫提供了直接的根据。     

贵州北部四种丙栖类乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的比较研究

本文采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,研究了贵州北部的四种两栖类动物：细痣疣螈、棘指角蟾、绿臭蛙和小弧斑姬蛙的心肝、肾等组织的乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）同工酶,发现LDH具有明显的种族特异性和组织特异性,不同种的动物和同种动物的不同组织都有各自的LDH同酶谱型,可以用它们作为识别物种的附加指标。本文初步探讨了生化分类学与系统分类学的关系。     

金线蛙早期胚胎发育的初步观察

报道了金线蛙的早期胚胎发育。自受精卵期至鳃盖完成期共分为 2 6个时期 ,其发育历程及各时期胚胎外形特征与黑斑蛙基本相似 ,但孵化期比黑斑蛙推迟三个胚期而早于泽蛙 ,在水温 ( 2 0± 0 5)℃及常温 ( 2 1 5～ 2 4℃ )条件下 ,其胚胎发育的全时程分别为 2 1 2 94小时和 1 70 95小时。     

红螯螯虾胚胎发育期主要消化酶和同工酶的活性变化

采用生物化学方法测定了红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)胚胎发育各期主要消化酶(胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶)的比活力及主要同工酶(乳酸脱氢酶、苹果酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶和酯酶)的活力。结果显示,5种消化酶各自表现出不同的变化模式,胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的比活力早期均逐渐上升,到发育后期胃蛋白酶出现快速下降,而胰蛋白酶却仍保持较高水平;淀粉酶比活力呈“V”字型变化趋势,晚期活性较高;纤维素酶和脂肪酶的比活力则均较低。4种同工酶酶谱随胚胎的发育渐趋复杂,酶活性也随之增强。结果表明,消化酶和同工酶活力的高低均受其基因的调控,并随胚胎发育适时表达,为胚胎组织、器官和系统的形成以及未来仔虾的开口摄食提供物质保证。     

镉在黑斑蛙组织的积累与分布

研究民镉暴露实验中黑斑蛙不同器官组织对镉的吸收积累,并对其在不同器官组织中的分布规律进行了分析。结果表明：镉在黑斑蛙器官组织的积累具有选择性,主要积累在肠和肝脏中,其次是皮肤、肌肉,而骨骼中没有积累。     

Change in glucose metabolism with time in hydrocephalic rats

Energy metabolism was studied by measurements of the activity and isozyme pattern of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats with kaolin-induced hydrocephalus at 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the induction, as well as in normal, control rats. The total LDH activity in hydrocephalic rats was 1.5 times that in controls throughout the examination period. The main LDH isozyme in hydrocephalic rats was LDH 5(M4) at 2 weeks, but the isozyme pattern was the same as in controls at 4 and 6 weeks. These results suggest that the ratio of anaerobic to aerobic glycolysis increases in the acute stage of hydrocephalus and gradually lowers to become similar to that in controls with time.     

Characterization of the constituent fatty acids in phosphatidylinositol during early development in Rana nigromaculata

1. Qualitative and quantitative changes in phosphatidylinositol (PI) were analyzed in the eggs, embryos and tadpoles of the Japanese pond frog, Rana nigromaculata, at various stages of development. 2. The weight percentage of PI to total phospholipid and lipid was about 8.4-15.2% and 1.4-2.6%, respectively, during embryonic life. 3. At the early stages of the unfertilized egg and the two-cell embryo, the predominant fatty acids are palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid. From the dorsal lip, early gastrula stage and beyond, the percentage of linoleic acid declines and there is an increase in palmitoleic acid. A relatively large amount of arachidonic acid was noted at the unfertilized egg stage at the 1-position. 4. A large amount of arachidonic acid was also observed at the 2-position of PI in the unfertilized egg, hatching embryo and post-hatching tadpole stages, relative to palmitic and stearic acid. 5. Palmitic and stearic acid were increased at the 2-position of PI in the other embryo and the feeding tadpole stages, relative to arachidonic acid, indicating a shift in these molecular species. 6. Thus, there were marked changes in the positional distribution of the constituent fatty acids in PI during early development of R. nigromaculata.     

黑斑蛙精巢MDA和抗氧化酶对铅、镉暴露的生态毒性响应

以健康性成熟黑斑蛙为供试动物,以精巢组织丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性为指标,进行了水体铅、镉暴露的生态毒性响应研究.结果表明:(1)精巢MDA含量随铅、镉暴露浓度的升高而明显增加,且呈明显的浓度-效应关系.说明低水平铅、镉的长期暴露对黑斑蛙精巢具有一定的损伤作用;(2)SOD活性在各处理组响应变化不明显,CAT、GSH-Px活性则被显著诱导,说明GSH-Px、CAT在铅、镉引起的精巢抗氧化损伤中起着重要作用;(3)3种抗氧化酶相比,GSH-Px活性对铅、镉暴露响应最敏感,SOD活性的响应最不明显,精巢GSH-Px活性是指示铅、镉暴露的优选生物标志物。     

黑斑蛙变态过程中甲状腺发育及甲状腺激素分泌

系统研究了我国本土两栖动物种黑斑蛙（Rana nigromaculata）变态发育过程中甲状腺组织学和甲状腺激素水平的变化,为甲状腺生物学和甲状腺干扰研究提供基础数据。黑斑蛙蝌蚪发育的形态变化: 第26-40阶段,后腿芽生长并逐渐分化出五趾结构;42阶段,开始进入变态高峰期,前肢展开,尾吸收,蝌蚪身体发生巨大形变;46阶段,蝌蚪完全变态成小蛙。随着形态学的变化,甲状腺的组织结构也发生明显的变化: 26-37阶段,甲状腺体积较小,增长缓慢;38阶段甲状腺体积迅速膨大,进入高峰期,甲状腺的发育达到顶峰;随着变态完成,甲状腺又逐渐缩小。甲状腺组织学变化的同时,甲状腺激素水平也相应发生变化: 在变态前期,下颌中3,3',5-三碘代-L-甲腺原氨酸（T3）水平增长缓慢,进入变态期后,T3含量迅速升高,在变态高峰期达到峰值,随后下降。以上结果表明,黑斑蛙发育过程中甲状腺组织学的变化与甲状腺激素水平的波动相吻合。对黑斑蛙甲状腺系统的研究,可为日后使用黑斑蛙开展甲状腺干扰作用的研究提供基础。       

Positional distribution of constituent fatty acids in phosphatidylethanolamine during early development in Rana nigromaculata

Qualitative and quantitative changes in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were analyzed in the eggs, embryos and tadpoles of the Japanese pond frog, Rana nigromaculata, at various stages of development. The weight percentage of PE to total phospholipid and to total lipid was about 15-18% and about 3-4%, respectively, during embryonic life. At all stages from the unfertilized egg to the feeding tadpole, the major fatty acids at the 1-position of PE were palmitic, stearic and oleic acids. At the 2-position, arachidonic, oleic, palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids were present during embryonic life. The most abundant fatty acid at the 2-position was arachidonic acid at the unfertilized egg and hatching embryo stages. However, palmitic acid was the most prevalent 2-fatty acid at the posthatching tadpole and the feeding tadpole stages. Thus, there were marked changes in the positional distribution of the constituent fatty acids in PE during development.     

Differential activity and synthesis of lactate dehydrogenase isozymes A (muscle), B (heart), and C (testis) in mouse spermatogenic cells

Spermatogenic cells isolated from adult and prepubertal mice by unit gravity sedimentation were used to examine enzyme activities and synthesis of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozymes during spermatogenesis. The synthesis and activity of LDH-C4, the germ cell-specific isozyme, was detected earliest in isolated preleptotene and leptotene/zygotene spermatocytes prior to the mid-pachytene stage of meiosis reported previously. The LDH-C4 isozyme was prominent in pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, and condensing spermatids, whereas spermatozoa contained only the LDH-C4 isozyme. In addition, somatic-type LDH isozymes consisting primarily of LDH-B subunits were present in germ cells throughout spermatogenesis. This is in contrast to a previous report that the LDH-B subunit was not synthesized in germ cells. Sertoli cells were further shown to exhibit comparable amounts of five tetrameric LDH isozymes formed by combination of muscle-type LDH-A and heart-type LDH-B subunits.