超积累植物伴矿景天镉耐受基因SpMT2的分离及功能鉴定

超积累植物由于其对重金属具有地上部超积累以及超耐受等特性,不仅是研究植物离子转运及毒性耐受的理想模式,而且在植物修复的发展和应用中具有不可替代的作用。伴矿景天是近年在我国境内发现的一种景天科镉(Cd)/锌(Zn)超积累植物。为鉴定其富集和耐受Cd的关键基因,笔者构建了其酵母表达cDNA文库,利用酵母的遗传互补系统筛选到一个极大提高了酵母抗Cd能力的基因SpMT2。SpMT2属于富含半胱氨酸(Cys)的金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein)家族。亚细胞定位表明SpMT2表达于酵母细胞质中,并特异地提高酵母对Cd的抗性。进一步研究发现SpMT2的表达显著降低了酵母液泡中Cd含量,但酵母吸收的总Cd含量无显著变化。推测抗性增加是由于SpMT2在酵母细胞质中通过螯合Cd从而降低Cd对酵母的毒害。qRT-PCR分析表明SpMT2在伴矿景天的根和地上部都高丰度表达,且不受Cd诱导变化。鉴于SpMT2也定位于植物细胞质中,结合上述结果,推测SpMT2可能在伴矿景天细胞质中螯合Cd,在降低Cd毒害的同时可能还保持Cd在细胞质中的流动性,从而在Cd长途转运过程中也发挥重要作用。     

人与猪的uPA cDNA序列同源性的鉴定

核酸分子杂交是从cDNA或基因组DNA文库中筛选目的基因的最为敏感而特异的方法。为了从人胚肾细胞cDNA文库和人胚食道粘膜细胞基因组文库,筛选含有人尿激酶型血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(简称uPA)基因序列的克隆,我们分别从F.Blasi和Y.Nagamine获得了含有人uPA cDNA 1500bp片段的重组质粒pHUK-8转化的E.coli HBl 01菌株,以及含有猪uPA全长cDNA 2375 bp片段的重组质粒pYN-15菌株。如果二者的uPA cDNA片段具有同源性,则皆可作为探针     

HeLa细胞cDNA文库及酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-CPn0308的构建

旨在利用酵母双杂交系统构建HeLa细胞的cDNA文库,并构建酵母双杂交诱饵载体pGBKT7-CPn0308。从HeLa细胞中提取总RNA,应用SMARTTM技术,构建以pGADT7-Rec为载体的HeLa细胞酵母GAL4 AD融合cDNA文库。应用PCR技术扩增目的片段CPn0308,并成功克隆该基因到诱饵载体pGBKT7中,将重组质粒转化酵母菌株AH109后,检测诱饵载体有无自激活和细胞毒性作用。结果显示,文库展现良好的多态性,重组诱饵载体pGBKT7-CPn0308不具有毒性且未自主激活报告基因,说明该文库和诱饵质粒可用于酵母双杂交系统。     

瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的分离与鉴定

将在木聚糖上生长的瑞氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)RutC-30的cDNA文库全部质粒转化已携带有毕赤氏酵(Pithia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因的重组酿酒酵母(Saccharomycescerevisiae)菌株H475,在H475中构建了瑞氏木霉的cDNA表达亚文库。在以木糖为唯一碳源的选择性酵母合成培养基上,从该亚文库中筛选到瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶cDNA基因．该基因片段长为1．3kb。Southern、Norhern印迹杂交分析和蛋白质凝胶电泳结果表明该基因确实来源于瑞氏木霉,所编码蛋白质分子量约为40kDa。携带有毕赤氏酵母木糖还原酶和瑞氏木霉木糖醇脱氢酶基因的重组酵母能够在以木糖为唯一碳源的培养基上生长,并能将90％以上的木糖转化为木糖醇、乙醇和其它副产品。     

金柑花蕾酵母双杂交cDNA文库构建及评价

为了探索金柑花发育的分子机制并研究与金柑花发育相关重要基因编码的蛋白质之间的相互作用,本研究以融安金柑不同生长时期的花蕾为材料,采用SMART技术构建了cDNA文库,对该文库进行了鉴定评价。经检测,所构建的cDNA文库滴度为2.83×10^8cfu/mL,文库库容为1.42×10^10cfu,重组率为97.91%,插入的双链cDNA片段长度主要分布在250~2 000 bp之间。结果表明,该文库达到了建库标准,理论上涵盖了全部与融安金柑花蕾发育相关的基因,为后续利用酵母双杂交技术筛选互作蛋白提供了物质基础。     

asr基因酵母双杂交系统的构建及筛选鉴定

为研究asr作用的分子机制,分析该基因表达产物在体内相互作用的靶蛋白,分别构建诱饵质粒载体和转基因拟南芥cDNA文库,通过转入酵母细胞中,初步的鉴定分析证实成功构建了诱饵质拉载体和拟南芥cDNA文库.构建的酵母双杂交系统为发现asr基因表达产物在体内相互作用的靶蛋白奠定了基础.     

厚藤ASR基因克隆及功能初步分析

通过对厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae(Linn.)Sweet.)cDNA文库的筛选,获得了一个编码厚藤ASR(ABA-stress-ripening)基因的全长cDNA,命名为IpASR。研究结果显示,IpASR编码区全长648 bp,共编码215个氨基酸;蛋白质等电点为5.42,分子量为24.57 k D。通过在酵母中表达,发现IpASR能够提高转基因酵母的耐盐性及抗氧化能力。进一步以厚藤成年植株及幼苗为材料进行实时荧光定量PCR分析,结果表明,IpASR基因在厚藤成年植株各组织中广泛表达;高盐、甘露醇胁迫和ABA处理可诱导该基因在厚藤幼苗中的表达。结合GFP融合蛋白的亚细胞定位和生物信息学分析,发现IpASR蛋白为核蛋白,推测IpASR基因参与了厚藤生长发育的调控,并可响应ABA和非生物胁迫的诱导。     

碱茅(puccinellia tenuifolra)Put-Cu/Zn-SOD基因的克隆及在酵母中的表达

从碱茅根cDNA文库分离得到Put-Cu/Zn-SOD全长cDNA,其序列全长为2 700 bp,该基因的开放读码框为长615 bp,所编码的蛋白由204个氨基酸组成,其预测分子量约为20.6 kD、理论等电点约为5.63.Put-Cu/Zn-SOD氨基酸序列与水稻Cu/Zn-SOD序列有较高的同源性为87%.将Put-Cu/Zn-SOD基因构建到酵母表达载体pYES2,并转化至酵母(INVSc1).对pYES2-Put-Cu/Zn-SOD转化酵母进行盐碱、氧化胁迫实验.结果表明:重组酵母的抗盐碱、氧化能力明显高于对照(pYES2转化酵母),结果显示了碱茅的Cu/Zn-SOD基因在酵母表达中,具有提高酵母抗盐碱和耐氧化能力.     

渗透胁迫下白花柽柳消减文库的构建及分析

用PEG6000对白花柽柳进行渗透胁迫,以其叶部cDNA为试验方（tester）,正常生长的白花柽柳叶部cDNA为驱动方（driver）,利用抑制性消减杂交技术（SSH）构建了渗透胁迫下白花柽柳的消减文库。提取重组质粒经PCR检测,插入片段大部分集中在250～650 bp之间。通过对文库阳性克隆的随机测序,获得了如脯氨酸转移蛋白、钙依赖蛋白激酶、亮氨酸拉链蛋白、类转录起始因子蛋白等23个与渗透胁迫有关的EST,它们涉及了植物的渗透调节、信号传递、基因调控、活性氧清除、新陈代谢等生理生化过程。     

Automation of yeast two-hybrid screening

We have developed an automated format for screening yeast two-hybrid libraries for protein-protein interactions. The format consists of a liquid array in which pooled library subsets of yeast, expressing up to 1000 different cDNAs, are mated to a yeast strain of the opposite mating type, expressing a protein of interest. Interactors are detected by a liquid assay for beta-galacsidase following prototrophic selection. The method is demonstrated by the detection of interactions between two encoded yeast RNA polymerase subunits in simulated libraries of varied complexity. To demonstrate its utility for large scale screening of complex cDNA libraries, two nuclear receptor ligand-binding domains were screened through two cDNA libraries arrayed in pooled subsets. Screening these libraries yielded clones which had previously been identified in traditional yeast two hybrid screens, as well as several new putative interacting proteins. The formatting of the cDNA library into pooled subsets lends itself to functional subtraction of the promiscuous positive class of interactor from the library. Also, the liquid arrayed format enables electronic handling of the data derived from interaction screening, which, together with the automated handling of samples, should promote large-scale proteome analysis.     

信号肽捕获系统的建立

细胞分泌蛋白的分泌有赖于蛋白质N端的信号肽的存在,利用酵母建立了从cDNA文库中筛选编码信号肽的基因片段的遗传系统,为此,用一步基因破坏法对酿酒酵母EGY48基因组中的suc2基因（编码酵母蔗糖转换酶）进行了定位突变,获得了无蔗糖转换酶表达的酵母株EGY48－suc。将无信号肽的suc 2成熟肽基因克隆于酵母乙 氢酶（ADHI）基因启动子下游,得到用于文库筛选的酵母真核表达工体,启动子与成熟肽基因之间为多克隆位 ,用于插入待筛选的CDNA文库,用此载体转化酵母EGY48－suc,所得克隆可以在葡萄糖为碳源的培养基上生长,但不能在以棉子糖为碳源的培养基上生长,在suc 2成熟肽基因前分别插入suc 2信号肽基因片段或人IL－2受体α链信号肽基因片段,然后转染EGY48－suc,所得克隆既能在以葡萄糖为碳源的培养基上生长,也能在以棉子糖为碳源的培养基上生长,表明构建的系统可用于筛选插篱多克隆位点cDNA片段是否具有编码信号肽的功能。     

A novel family of cys-rich membrane proteins mediates cadmium resistance in Arabidopsis

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant that is toxic to plant growth. However, only a few genes that contribute to Cd resistance in plants have been identified. To identify additional Cd(II) resistance genes, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression system employing the Cd(II)-sensitive yeast mutant ycf1. This screening process yielded a small Cys-rich membrane protein (Arabidopsis plant cadmium resistance, AtPcrs). Database searches revealed that there are nine close homologs in Arabidopsis. Homologs were also found in other plants. Four of the five homologs that were tested also increased resistance to Cd(II) when expressed in ycf1. AtPcr1 localizes at the plasma membrane in both yeast and Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtPcr1 exhibited increased Cd(II) resistance, whereas antisense plants that showed reduced AtPcr1 expression were more sensitive to Cd(II). AtPcr1 overexpression reduced Cd uptake by yeast cells and also reduced the Cd contents of both yeast and Arabidopsis protoplasts treated with Cd. Thus, it appears that the Pcr family members may play an important role in the Cd resistance of plants.     

High-frequency transformation method and library transducing vectors for cloning mammalian cDNAs by trans-complementation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

We describe a highly efficient alkali cation method and library transducing vectors for cloning mammalian cDNAs by trans-complementation of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants. cDNA libraries constructed with the pcD or pcD2 vector are transduced into yeast by cotransfection with a linearized vector, which allows an enhanced homologous recombination between the yeast vector and the library plasmid leading to the efficient formation of concatemers containing pcD molecules. The transformation frequencies obtained by the method are 10(6) colonies per 10(8) cells transfected with 2 micrograms of library and 1 microgram of vector, 50-60% of which contain pcD molecules. The high-efficiency alkali cation method circumvents many of the shortcomings of the spheroplast method generally used for Schiz. pombe transfection. The vectors are maximized for the efficiency of library transduction and minimized for the rearrangements of pcD molecules during propagation in yeast. This system allows rapid screening of multi-million cDNA clone libraries for rare cDNAs in a routine scale of experiments. Using this system, various mammalian cDNAs that are extremely difficult, time-consuming, or unclonable to clone by other methods have been cloned.     

厚藤Actin基因片段的克隆及序列分析

为研究功能基因在厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae L)中的表达和调控提供内参基因,本文根据Actin基因的保守区设计简并性引物,采用RT-PCR克隆厚藤的Actin基因片段,然后将获得的片段连接于克隆载体上进行测序,并运用分子生物学软件对该基因序列进行分析。结果表明,该基因片段大小为554bp,编码184个氨基酸;该序列与其他植物Actin基因的cDNA序列的同源性均在80%以上,与氨基酸序列的同源性在94%以上。由此得出,本研究克隆的基因序列为Actin基因片段,将其命名为IpActin1,并登录在GenBank,登录号为KU564627。     

Identification of a drought-induced rice gene, OsSAP, that suppresses Bax-induced cell death in yeast

We identified rice genes that might be involved in drought stress tolerance by virtue of their anti-apoptotic activity. Potential anti-apoptosis related genes were identified by screening an Oryza sativa cDNA library derived from drought stressed tissues in a yeast functional assay. About 28 O. sativa cDNAs promoted yeast survival following engagement of Bax-induced apoptosis. An O. sativa cDNA encoding R12H780 was a highly conserved putative senescence-associated-protein (OsSAP). OsSAP was both highly and rapidly expressed in response to drought stress. Additionally, OsSAP was found to be localized to the mitochondria. Overall, OsSAP represents a new type of Bax suppressor related gene and endows multiple stress tolerance in yeast.