长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性——Ⅰ单克隆抗体制备、亚类测定及免疫沉淀反应

采用杂交瘤技术,以长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株(RMVsh)为扎原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾脏细胞与骨髓瘤SP2/O细胞融合,经筛选克隆,共获得1H2、7H1、10H1、11H2、12H3、17H6、29H17株分泌RMVsh单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。以双抗夹心ELISA方法测定亚类;1H2属IgG_3,7H1属IgG_(2b),其余均为IgC_1。7个杂交瘤植入鼠体内均产生腹水。在免疫双扩散反应中1H2、12H3能与RMVsh产生免疫沉淀线,而其余5个单克隆抗体均不能与RMVsh产生沉淀线。制备的单克隆抗体可用于病毒病害的诊断鉴定,也可用于进一步分析病毒的抗原特性。     

长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性——Ⅱ单克隆抗体免疫反应方法及在株系鉴别上的应用

采用两种不同的ELISA方法比较了长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株(RMVsh)7种单克隆抗体对完整病毒及其外壳蛋白的反应。结果表明不同的单克隆抗体在两种ELISA方法中的反应特性各异。这可能由于ELISA方法对抗原结构的影响而导致抗原抗体结合的不同。比较烟草花叶病毒群的7个分离株对RMVsh单克隆抗体和兔多克隆抗体的反应。结果表明单克隆抗体能与属于RMV的3个分离株起反应,并能将它们区分开来,与属于TMV的4个分离株均无反应。而兔多克隆抗体与这7个分离株均有较强的反应,但难以区分各株系。表明单克隆抗体在株系鉴别上具有高度的特异性。     

长叶车前花叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备及在病毒分型中的应用

应用细胞杂交技术,将长叶车前花叶病毒杭州分离株(RMVha)、烟草花叶病毒普通株(TMVc)和北京番茄株(TMVbe-t)免疫的Balb/c小鼠脾细胞与Sp2/0-Ag14小鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,经筛选测定,成功地获得了5株稳定分泌特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,其中1株属于IgG_(2b),其余4株均属于IgG_(?),5株细胞株均制备了腹水抗体,ELISA效价最高达256000,琼脂双扩散效价达128,根据与15个不同RMV和TMV毒株的反应特性,可将5株单克隆抗体分为A、B、C三组,分别针对a、b、c三个不同的抗原决定簇。根据三组单克隆抗体反应性的差异,15个毒株可分为8个血清型,本文讨论了所获得的5株杂交瘤细胞在植物病毒的诊断、病毒病原的鉴定及病毒分型方面的应用价值。     

单克隆抗体亲和层析纯化长叶车前花叶病毒

长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株(HRVsh)单克隆抗体1H2,经纯化后以溴化氰活化法偶联于Sepharose 4B上制成亲和层析柱。HRVsh感染的三生烟提取液,经一次聚乙二醇沉淀初步纯化,悬浮液上亲和层析柱,于磷酸缓冲液中吸附,蒸馏水洗脱。收集的病毒制剂接种心叶烟有感染性,电镜观察见典型的HRVsh粒子,紫外吸收光谱与常规方法提纯的病毒相似,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳呈一条带。结果表明单克隆抗体亲和层忻得到高度纯化的HRVsh。最后讨论了单克隆抗体亲和层析方法的优点。     

电融合产生黄瓜花叶病毒的单克隆抗体

用提纯的黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)种传SS-30株和豇豆株(P株)混合免疫BALB／c小鼠,取其脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2／0,用BAEKON 2000基因转移仪使其融合。通过2—3次简易、快速的有限稀释,获得6个能持续分泌抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,所获抗体分属IgG．和IgG∽井能诱导高滴度腹水抗体。间接ELISA试验证明这些单克隆抗体对种传CMvss一30株、P株和非种传CMV的黄化、日本、山东、香蕉。向日葵和Q等分离物有特异性反应,与c,·分离物的反应性较弱,而对花生矮化病毒(PSV)无交叉反应。利用间接ELISA测定了几个单克隆抗体的亲和力常数。单克降抗体C7H3、A6H4与G4G4、G4H5所抗的抗原决定簇相距较远,而C2H3 与A6H4 G+G8与G4H4为抗同一抗原决定簇的草克隆抗体。     

抗尿激酶单克隆抗体识别相应抗原决定簇的研究

 尿激酶是一种纤溶酶原激活剂,临床上用于治疗血栓。为了有效地用单克隆抗体亲和柱纯化尿激酶,我们对一组抗尿激酶单克隆抗体识别相应抗原决定簇的特性进行了研究。Western Blotting试验表明:S_(13)、S_(26)、N_(14)、N_(30)、N_(17-2)、N_(34)、N_(36)七个单克隆抗体主要抗54000道尔顿的高分子量尿激酶(HUK)。除N_(30)外,其余抗体还同时不同程度地抗33000道尔顿的低分子量尿激酶(LUK)。N_(30)除识别HUK外,还识别分子量为18000道尔顿的多肽链。竞争性结合试验证明:七个单克隆抗体分别抗五个不同的抗原决定簇,但它们都不抗尿激酶的活力中心。     

用于大量制备单克隆抗体的B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术

用于大量制备单克隆抗体的B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术,是当今生物学领域中可以和DNA重组技术相提并论的又一重大成就。众所周知,动物对于特定抗原刺激的抗体应答反应极为复杂。由于种类繁多的大量免疫应答细胞共同活动的结果,每一种抗原均可为针对其不同抗原决定簇的各种抗体所识别,而每一抗原决定簇又可为多种抗体所识别。据估计,纯系小鼠的抗体库范围位于1×10~7—5×10~7间,每个抗原决定簇可为多达1000—8000     

番茄花叶病毒单克隆抗体的制备及检测应用

用番茄花叶病毒(ToMV)免疫的BAL B/c鼠脾细胞与SP2/0鼠骨髓瘤细胞融合,经筛选克隆,获得4株能稳定传代并分泌抗ToMV单克隆抗体(Mab)的杂交瘤细胞,其中2株能同时检测ToMV和烟草花叶病毒(TMV),各单克隆抗体腹水ELLSA效价在1∶32 000～1∶1 024 000之间。经TASELISA测定,4株单克隆抗体检测病汁液的稀释度均能达到1∶2 000倍以上。4株单克隆抗体与其他病毒无交叉反应。Westernblot分析表明,其中两株与ToMV176kD的外壳蛋白亚基有特异反应,而另两株无反应,推测它们是针对构象决定簇的抗体。     

烟草花叶病毒几个分离物的比较研究

本文从血清学关系、外壳蛋白亚基分子量、氨基酸组成和放射性碘标记酶解肽谱等方面比较研究了广州和上海地区的烟草、茄子、辣椒、番茄上分离到的烟草花叶病毒几个分离株。试验结果指出,它们与烟草花叶病毒普通株(TMV_c),长叶车前花叶病上海株(RMV_gh)都有所不同。并对放射性碘标记酶解肽谱在病毒诊断鉴定上的应用进行了讨论。     

番茄条斑坏死病毒的研究

从上海郊区番茄条斑坏死病果分离的棒状病毒(ToSNV)的外壳蛋白亚基的分子量小于烟草花叶病毒普通株(TMVc)和长叶车前花叶病毒(HRV),ToSNV的外壳蛋白比TMVc少10个氨基酸残基,比HRV少8个氨基酸残基,氨基酸组成中含甲硫氨酸及组氨酸。ToSNV与长叶车前花叶病毒上海分离株(HRVsh)及油菜花叶病毒(YMV_(15))有免疫交叉反应,但与TMVc却无血清学亲缘关系,而且ToSNV外壳蛋白的酶解图谱不同于TMVc。因此推测ToSNV是烟草花叶病毒组中既不同于TMVc又有别于HRVsh和YMV_(15)的一个分离株。     

Recognition of two Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus-specific epitopes on antigen P1 by using monoclonal antibodies: binding to each epitope can be inhibited by serum from dust mite-allergic patients

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against Antigen P1, the major allergen of the house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus). The majority were Antigen P1 specific, isotype IgG1, and did not react with a comparable D. farinae allergen. These antibodies bound 38 to 50% of 125I Antigen P1 in antigen-binding assays (titer greater than or equal to 1/1,000,000), and the quantities of IgG antibody in ascites were 2 to 4 logs greater than those in polyclonal mouse antiserum or in serum from a mite-allergic patient. Two IgM antibodies showed weak binding to Antigen P1 but reacted strongly with D. pteronyssinus in enzyme immunoassay (titer greater than or equal to 1/100,000). Assessments of the specificity of the IgG antibodies by using two inhibition radioimmunoassays suggested that they were directed against two different epitopes. Antibodies 10B9 F6 and 5H8 C12 were purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (isoelectric points of pI 6.25 and 7.4, respectively) and radiolabeled with 125I. Cross-inhibition experiments, using ascites dilutions to inhibit binding of each radiolabeled antibody to Antigen P1, confirmed that these antibodies recognized two distinct epitopes. Analysis of antibodies from 39 clones/hybrids showed that the majority were directed against the same epitopes as either 10B9 F6 or 5H8 C12 (3 out of 39 [8%] and 29 out of 39 [74%], respectively). None of the monoclonal antibodies significantly inhibited (greater than 10%) human IgE binding to Antigen P1 in the radioallergosorbent test. However, 12 of 14 sera from mite allergic patients inhibited binding by the monoclonal antibodies. One serum from a mite-allergic patient inhibited binding of both 10B9 F6 and 5H8 C12 by greater than 85% and showed parallel inhibition curves. The results suggest that these monoclonal antibodies could be used to assay Antigen P1 in both D. pteronyssinus and house dust extracts. It should also be possible to use monoclonal antibodies in inhibition assays to define the antigenic/allergenic determinants recognized by human IgG and IgE antibodies on this mite allergen.     

Antigenic Heterogeneity of Qa-2 Antigens in C57BL/6

The Qa-2 antigens are class I-like molecules encoded by genes mapped telomeric to the H-2D region on chromosome 17 in the mouse. A panel of 8 new monoclonal anti-Qa-2 antibodies derived from a C3H.KBR anti-C3H. SW immunization was studied. Immunoprecipitation of¹²⁵I-labeled C57BL/6 splenocyte antigens showed that all of these antibodies precipitated 40 kDa molecules which could be completely precleared by the monoclonal antibody 20-8-4, which had previously been shown to crossreact with Qa-2. One of the monoclonal antibodies (1-12-1), however, was found not to completely preclear Qa-2 antigens precipitable by the other 7 antibodies or by 20-8-4, suggesting the existence of at least two different species of Qa-2 molecules. Cell lines transfected with Q7 or Q9 genes were reactive with all 9 antibodies and the Qa-2 antigens expressed on surface membranes of these cells were completely precleared by both 20-8-4 and 1-12-1. Therefore, the observed heterogeneity of these molecules cannot be explained by an antigenic difference between the Q7 and Q9 gene products. 2D gel analyses showed identical pI spectra between Qa-2 molecules precipitated with 20-8-4 and 1-12-1. In addition, all of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with labeled antigen preparations following treatment with Endo F or neuraminidase, indicating that carbohydrate moieties are probably not responsible for the antigenic difference between the two species of Qa-2 antigen.     

Preparation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies against GTP-binding protein from the bovine retina

Five monoclonal antibodies against the native GTP-binding protein (transducin) from bovine retina have been prepared. By immunoblotting and immunoenzymatic analysis of the isolated alpha- and gamma-subunits of transducin and the beta gamma-subunit complex it was determined that two monoclonal antibodies A3G7 and A3C10 recognize linear antigenic determinants on the alpha-subunit, two other, A3E4 and 3B3, bound specifically to the gamma-subunit, and monoclonal antibodies 1C3 interact only with native transducin. Both antibodies against the alpha-subunit inhibited transducin GTPase activity, whereas antibodies A3E4, 3B3 and 1C3 did not affect it.     

Novel monoclonal antibodies with specificity for chelated uranium(VI): isolation and binding properties

A derivative of 1,10-phenanthroline that binds to UO(2)(2+) with nanomolar affinity was found to be a very effective immunogen for the generation of antibodies directed toward chelated complexes of hexavalent uranium. This study describes the synthesis of 5-isothiocyanato-1,10-phenanthroline-2,9-dicarboxylic acid and its use in the generation and functional characterization of a group of monoclonal antibodies that recognize the most soluble and toxic form of uranium, the hexavalent uranyl ion (UO(2)(2+)). Three different monoclonal antibodies (8A11, 10A3, and 12F6) that recognize the 1:1 complex between UO(2)(2+) and 2,9-dicarboxy-1,10-phenanthroline (DCP) were produced by the injection of BALB/c mice with DCP-UO(2)(2+) covalently coupled to a carrier protein. Equilibrium dissociation constants for the binding of DCP-UO(2)(2+) to antibodies 8A11, 10A3, and 12F6 were 5.5, 2.4, and 0.9 nM, respectively. All three antibodies bound the metal-free DCP with roughly 1000-fold lower affinity. The second-order rate constants for the bimolecular association of each antibody with soluble DCP-UO(2)(2+) were in the range of 1 to 2 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1). Binding studies conducted with structurally related chelators and 21 metal ions demonstrated that each of these three antibodies was highly specific for the soluble DCP-UO(2)(2+) complex. Detailed equilibrium binding studies conducted with three other derivatives of DCP, either complexed with UO(2)(2+) or metal-free, suggested that the antigen binding sites on the three antibodies have significant functional and structural similarities. Biomolecules that bind specifically to uranium will be at the heart of any new biotechnology developed to monitor and control uranium contamination. The three antibodies described herein possess sufficient affinity and specificity to support the development of immunoassays for hexavalent uranium in environmental and clinical samples.     

Monoclonal antibodies identify individual determinants on mouse mammary tumor virus glycoprotein gp52 with group, class, or type specificity

Hybrid cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies against the C3H strain of mouse mammary tumor virus (C3H MMTV) were prepared by the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with the lymphocytes of BALB/c mice that were immunized with C3H MMTV. Approximately 10% of the hybrid cells initially plated after cell fusion produced immunoglobulins that reacted in antibody-binding assays with C3H MMTV; 40 of these cells were cloned, and 6 eventually yielded stable cell lines. High concentrations of monoclonal antibodies (5 to 20 mg/ml) were obtained from serum and ascites fluid of syngeneic mice inoculated with the hybrid cells. All of the monoclonal antibodies were directed against the envelope glycoprotein gp52. Three of the hybrid cell lines produced immunoglobulins of the immunoglobulin M subclass and three produced immunoglobulin G2a. The monoclonal antibodies showed limited charge heterogeneity in light and heavy chains when analyzed by high-resolution, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Three serologically distinct specificities were observed when these ascites fluids were tested against different strains of MMTV. The antigenic determinants detected were the following: (i) a type-specific determinant unique to the C3H strain of MMTV; (ii) class-specific determinants shared between C3H and GR MMTVs; and (iii) a group-specific determinant found on C3H, GR, RIII, and the endogenous C3H (C3Hf) MMTVs. Because monoclonal antibodies recognize single antigenic determinants, these results demonstrate for the first time that the three patterns of antigenic reactivity for MMTV are related to individual determinants on the gp52 molecule and also clearly show that one strain of MMTV can be distinguished from other strains.     

Topographic antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies on human choriogonadotropin beta-subunit

We describe a first attempt to study the antibody-combining sites recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against the beta-subunit of human choriogonadotropin (hCG). Two groups of antibodies were first defined by their ability to recognize only the free beta-subunit or the free and combined subunit. Antibodies FBT-11 and FBT-11-L bind only to hCG beta-subunit but not to hCG, whereas antibodies FBT-10 and D1E8 bind to both the beta-subunit and the hormone. In both cases, the antigenic determinants were localized to the core of the protein (residues 1-112), indicating the weak immunogenicity of the specific carboxyl-terminal extension of hCG-beta. Nine synthetic peptides spanning different regions of hCG-beta and lutropin-beta were assessed for their capacity to inhibit antibody binding. A synthetic peptide inclusive of the NH2-terminal region (residues 1-7) of the hCG beta-subunit was found to inhibit binding to the radiolabeled subunit of a monoclonal antibody specific for free hCG-beta (FBT-11). Further delineation of the antigenic site recognized by this antibody provided evidence for the involvement of fragment 82-92. Moreover, monoclonal antibody FBT-11 inhibited the recombination of hCG-beta to hCG-alpha, indicating that its antigenic determinant might be located nearby or in the hCG-beta portion interacting with the alpha-subunit. Binding of monoclonal antibody FBT-10, corresponding to the second antigenic determinant, was weakly inhibited by fragment 82-105 and did not impair the recombination of the hCG beta-subunit to the hCG alpha-subunit. Its combining site appeared to be located in a region of the intact native choriogonadotropin present at the surface of the hormone-receptor complex.     

Availability to monoclonal antibodies of antigenic sites of the alpha and beta subunits in active, denatured or membrane-bound mitochondrial F1-ATPase

The binding of five monoclonal antibodies to mitochondrial F1-ATPase has been studied. Competition experiments between monoclonal antibodies demonstrate that these antibodies recognize four different antigenic sites and provide information on the proximity of these sites. The accessibility of the epitopes has been compared for F1 integrated in the mitochondrial membrane, for purified beta-subunit and for purified F1 maintained in its active form by the presence of nucleotides or inactivated either by dilution in the absence of ATP or by urea treatment. The three anti-beta monoclonal antibodies bound more easily to the beta-subunit than to active F1, and recognized equally active F1 and F1 integrated in the membrane, indicating that their antigenic sites are partly buried similarly in purified or membrane-bound F1 and better exposed in the isolated beta-subunit. In addition, unfolding F1 by urea strongly increased the binding of one anti-beta monoclonal antibody (14 D5) indicating that this domain is at least partly shielded inside the beta-subunit. One anti-alpha monoclonal antibody (20 D6) bound poorly to F1 integrated in the membrane, while the other (7 B3) had a higher affinity for F1 integrated in the membrane than for soluble F1. Therefore, 20 D6 recognizes an epitope of the alpha-subunit buried inside F1 integrated in the membrane, while 7 B3 binds to a domain of the alpha-subunit well exposed at the surface of the inner face of the mitochondrial membrane.     

Establishment of internal-image anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies to a human antibody to lung cancer

 Internal-image anti-idiotype antibodies are expected to enhance anticancer effector mechanisms in vivo. The objective of this study was to establish hybridomas producing anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies against a human monoclonal antibody (hmAb) 4G12 that reacts strongly with lung squamous cell carcinomas. BALB/c female mice 6 weeks old were immunized with 4G12. Splenocytes were hybridized with P3U1 cells and hybrid cells secreting anti-4G12 hmAb were cloned. Two clones reacted with 4G12 hmAb but not with 3H12 IgM hmAb, human IgM, human serum or fetal calf serum. These two Ab2 antibodies (IgG1κ) 2B12 and 2H1 demonstrated 91.5% and 90.3% inhibition in their reactivity with radiolabelled 4G12 on PC10 cells, indicating that 2B12 and 2H1 antibodies were of the Ab2β type. In criss-cross inhibition assays, the binding of 2B12 or 2H1 to 4G12 was not inhibited by 2H1 or 2B12. Thus 2B12 and 2H1 were thought to recognize the different epitopes on the antigen-binding sites. Antisera against 2B12 and 2H1 demonstrated specific reactivity to PC10 cells. The two Ab2β antibodies, 2B12 and 2H1, express internal images of lung squamous cell carcinoma recognized by the 4G12 antibody and may be useful for cancer immunotherapy. Received: 20 September 1996 / Accepted: 2 January 1997     

Monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes of peptide hormones. Use of photoreactive analogues in studies on vasopressin.

In order to produce monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of the neurohypophyseal hormone vasopressin, the hormone was coupled to carrier proteins via photoreactive groups at different positions in the vasopressin sequence: [2-(4-azidophenylalanine), 8-arginine]vasopressin (peptide P1, photoreactive group at position 2) and desamino-[8-N6-(4-azidophenylamidino)lysine]vasopressin (peptide P2, photoreactive group at position 8) were conjugated to thyroglobulin by flash photolysis. Monoclonal antibodies against these conjugates bound ([3H]8-arginine]vasopressin with dissociation constants ranging over 40-400 nM. Epitope analysis by means of competitive ELISA showed that the monoclonal antibody obtained with peptide P1 as hapten was directed against the C-terminal acyclic tripeptide when its conformation was stabilized by interaction with the disulphide-linked cyclic hexapeptide. In contrast, the epitope analysis of three monoclonal anti-(peptide P2) antibodies demonstrated that they recognized antigenic determinants in the cyclic hexapeptide ring, mainly the hydrophobic surface formed by Tyr2 and Phe3. Our results suggest that monoclonal antibodies against different epitopes in small peptide hormones can be generated selectively by using photoreactive peptides in such a way that different antigenic sites are exposed in the hapten-carrier conjugate.     

Characterization of the glucagon receptor and its functional domains using monoclonal antibodies

Four monoclonal antibodies, designated 4H11, 6E10, 2C5, and 3E9 were prepared against partially purified rat hepatic glucagon receptor. These antibodies were characterized by their ability to recognize the glucagon receptor in target tissues using immunoblot and immunoprecipitation procedures. The antibodies recognized a 62-kDa receptor band in rat liver, kidney, and adipose tissue but not in lung, adrenals, and erythrocytes, indicating a high degree of specificity. These antibodies recognize different antigenic determinants; the 6E10 and 2C5 bind protein epitopes, while 4H11 and 3E9 bind carbohydrate epitopes. Furthermore, proteolytic mapping of the glucagon receptor established that monoclonal antibodies 6E10 and 2C5 recognize different domains of the receptor molecule. These antibodies were used to study the immunochemical similarities among the receptors from different species and to assess the topological location of the ligand-binding site. By combining the techniques of affinity cross-linking, proteolytic mapping, and antibody binding, we have identified the location of the glucagon-binding site near to the COOH-terminal domain of the receptor.