转录因子HBP1调控H2O2诱导的骨肉瘤细胞生长阻滞过程

为探讨氧化应激对人骨肉瘤细胞增殖的影响及其作用机理,首先用H2O2处理U2OS细 胞,采用Western印迹和real-time PCR检测HMG盒转录因子1 (HBP1)及其下游靶基因 DNMT1和p16表达水平的变化. 用荧光素酶报告基因实验检测在H2O2诱导下, HBP1对于DNMT1 和p16启动子的影响. 用细胞增殖试验（BrdU掺入,细胞生长曲线）检测 H2O2对细胞增殖的影响以及HBP1的作用. 用衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色 检测在H2O2诱导的细胞衰老中HBP1所起的作用. Western 印迹, real-time PCR及荧光素酶报告基因实验结果显示,细胞经H2O2处理后,明显增高HBP1表达水平,转录抑制DNMT1的表达, 促进p16蛋白的表达. 细胞增殖实验结果显示, H2O2显著抑制了细胞的增殖,HBP1 knockdown可部分逆转这种抑制作用. SA-β-Gal染色实验说明, H2O2可诱导HBP1表达正常的U2OS细胞衰老,而HBP1 knockdown使这种促衰老作用减弱. 研究结果说明, H2O2可抑制人骨肉瘤细胞增殖,诱导细胞衰老. 其作用机制是通过上调转录因子HBP1的表达,转录抑制或促进其下游靶基因DNMT1或p16的表达来抑制细胞增殖,促进细胞衰老.     

p53基因表达沉默的稳定Vero细胞系的建立及特性分析

利用慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术,建立稳定沉默p53基因的Vero细胞模型。设计针对p53基因的shRNA序列,构建p53shRNA慢病毒载体并感染Vero细胞;嘌呤霉素筛选阳性细胞,局部消化法挑选细胞克隆;利用RT-PCR和West-ernblot检测p53的表达水平;利用虫荧光素酶报告系统,分析p53的转录激活功能。RT-PCR和Westernblot结果显示,慢病毒介导的shRNA有效地沉默p53基因表达;与对照组细胞相比,干扰组细胞的p53的转录激活功能明显降低。慢病毒介导的shRNA高效、稳定地沉默了p53基因的表达,同时,有效地降低了p53的转录激活功能,为研究p53的生物学功能提供了有利的工具。     

利用慢病毒载体观察microRNA-194 对人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS 生物学特性的影响

目的：通过构建携带针对microRNA-194 的shRNA载体及过表达载体,包装慢病毒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS,改变细胞 内microRNA-194 基因的表达水平,研究microRNA-194 对细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响,为探索microRNA-194作为骨肉瘤 生物治疗的新靶点提供理论和实验依据。方法：PCR扩增pri-miR-194 及miR-194-5 成熟体,克隆于慢病毒载体plent-i GFP 中,转 染大肠杆菌感受态细胞,收获并浓缩慢病毒颗粒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS。进行MTT,流式,平板克隆等试验。结果：1.重组慢 病毒表达质粒构建正确,过表达及抑制过表达重组慢病毒的滴度分别为1.5× 108 TU/ml及4× 108 TU/ml;2. microRNA-194过表 达的人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS 细胞增殖速度,凋亡率及细胞周期相较于其它实验组都有明显变化(P<0.01)。结论：成功构建了 microRNA-194 过表达及抑制过表达慢病毒表达载体;miR-194 的表达水平对U2-OS 细胞的增殖和凋亡造成显著影响。 microRNA-194 可能成为骨肉瘤治疗的潜在新靶点,但该基因对骨肉瘤发生发展的作用及其机制尚待进一步研究。     

利用慢病毒载体观察microRNA-194对人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS生物学特性的影响

目的：通过构建携带针对microRNA-194的shRNA载体及过表达载体,包装慢病毒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS,改变细胞内microRNA-194基因的表达水平,研究microRNA-194对细胞增殖、凋亡及细胞周期的影响,为探索microRNA-194作为骨肉瘤生物治疗的新靶点提供理论和实验依据。方法：PCR扩增pri-miR-194及miR-194-5成熟体,克隆于慢病毒载体plent-i GFP中,转染大肠杆菌感受态细胞,收获并浓缩慢病毒颗粒,感染人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS。进行MTT,流式,平板克隆等试验。结果：1.重组慢病毒表达质粒构建正确,过表达及抑制过表达重组慢病毒的滴度分别为1.5×108TU/ml及4×108TU/ml;2.microRNA-194过表达的人骨肉瘤细胞系U2-OS细胞增殖速度,凋亡率及细胞周期相较于其它实验组都有明显变化（P〈0.01）。结论：成功构建了microRNA-194过表达及抑制过表达慢病毒表达载体;miR-194的表达水平对U2-OS细胞的增殖和凋亡造成显著影响。microRNA-194可能成为骨肉瘤治疗的潜在新靶点,但该基因对骨肉瘤发生发展的作用及其机制尚待进一步研究。     

c-Myc部分通过调控Nbs1减弱阿霉素降低U2OS细胞集落形成的能力

c-Myc是一种泛在性的转录因子,它调控着许多涉及细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等生命活动的基因．实验结果表明在骨肉瘤细胞U2OS中过表达c-Myc和Nbs1都能减弱阿霉素降低集落形成的能力．进一步的实验证实c-Myc的这种作用与Nbs1有关,Nbs1是c-Myc的靶基因．染色质免疫沉淀实验显示,c-Myc招募组蛋白乙酰化酶p300复合物到Nbs1启动子区,引起了组蛋白H4的乙酰化,定位在Nbs1启动子区的相邻的两个E-box对c-Myc的结合是必要的．上述结果说明c-Myc减弱阿霉素的作用部分是通过调控Nbs1来实现的．这也提示了c-Myc在阿霉素诱导的DNA损伤修复中起作用．     

华蟾素联合顺铂对人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究华蟾素联合顺铂对人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探寻联合治疗增敏的可能分子机制。方法:采用不同浓度的华蟾素、顺铂单药和华蟾素联合顺铂处理人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞1-3天,通过CCK-8法检测其对U2OS细胞生长的抑制作用;平板克隆实验检测其对U2OS细胞集落形成能力的影响;流式细胞仪检测其对U2OS细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR及Western blotting检测Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3、caspase-9等凋亡相关分子mRNA及蛋白水平的表达。结果:单用华蟾素或顺铂均可以浓度和时间依赖的方式抑制骨肉瘤U2OS细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,两药联合应用具有协同效应,并可以上调促凋亡基因Bax下调抑制凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达;联合用药组凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、caspase-9的表达较单药组明显增加。结论:华蟾素联合顺铂与单一用药相比能够显著抑制人骨肉瘤细胞U2OS细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,两药联合应用对骨肉瘤细胞的杀伤效应具有一定的协同效应,其机制可能与激活凋亡通路有关。     

HMG盒转录因子1(HBP1)参与H2O2诱导的细胞衰老过程

为探讨HMG盒转录因子1 (HBP1)在过氧化氢（H2O2）诱导的细胞衰老中所起的作用,通过慢病毒感染得到稳定表达HBP1的MDA-MB-231细胞,以H2O2处理细胞．采用Western免疫印迹杂交试验和实时PCR检测HBP1、p16和细胞周期蛋白D1（cyclinD1）表达水平的变化．用荧光免疫试验检测H2O2对HBP1表达的影响,以及HBP1在H2O2的诱导下对于p16和细胞周期蛋白D1启动子的影响．用细胞增殖试验检测H2O2对于细胞增殖的影响． 用基因敲减实验和衰老相关β半乳糖苷酶(SA-β-Gal)染色检测在H2O2诱导的细胞衰老中HBP1所起的作用．Western和免疫荧光实验结果显示,细胞经H2O2处理后,HBP1表达增高的同时促进了p16的表达,降低了细胞周期蛋白D1的表达．细胞增殖实验结果显示,H2O2显著抑制了细胞的增殖．基因敲减实验和SA-β-Gal染色实验说明,H2O2可诱导HBP1表达正常的MDA-MB-231细胞衰老,而HBP1的敲减则抑制了H2O2诱导的细胞衰老过程．本研究结果提示,在H2O2诱导的衰老中,HBP1的表达显著增加,并通过促进衰老相关基因p16的表达和抑制生长因子cyclinD1的表达来阻碍细胞增殖,促进细胞衰老．HBP1在H2O2诱导的细胞衰老过程中起着重要作用,H2O2诱导的细胞衰老必须在HBP1存在的情况下才能发生．     

circ_0001461靶向抑制miR-30a-5p对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：探讨circ_0001461对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及调控机制。方法：采用实时荧光定量聚合酶反应（qRT-PCR）检测检测circ_0001461在骨肉瘤组织和细胞中的表达水平。在U2OS和HOS细胞中转染sh-NC和sh-circ_0001461后,采用CCK8检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,qRT-PCR检测增殖相关分子Ki-67 mRNA的表达水平,Western Blot检测凋亡相关分子Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白的表达水平。采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p的结合情况。结果：circ_0001461在骨肉瘤组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织（P<0.05）,circ_0001461在骨肉瘤细胞U2OS和HOS中的表达水平均明显高于成骨细胞NHOst（P<0.05）。低表达circ_0001461能够抑制骨肉瘤细胞U2OS和HOS的增殖和增殖相关分子Ki-67的表达（P<0.05）;促进骨肉瘤细胞U2OS和HOS的凋亡和凋亡相关分子Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白的表达（P<0.05）。双荧光素酶结果显示circ_0001461能够靶向结合miR-30a-5p。低表达circ_0001461能够促进miR-30a-5p的表达（P<0.05）,circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p在骨肉瘤组织中的表达呈负相关（P<0.05）。在U2OS细胞中共转染sh-circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p mimics后能够进一步加强单独转染sh-circ_0001461对U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响（P<0.05）;在HOS细胞中共转染sh-circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p inhibitors后能够逆转单独转染sh-circ_0001461对U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响（P>0.05）。结论：circ_0001461在骨肉瘤组织和细胞中明显高表达,低表达circ_0001461能够靶向促进miR-30a-5p的表达进而抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡。     

p53对乳腺癌耐药蛋白基因的转录调控

乳腺癌耐药蛋白（breast cancer resistance protein,BCRP）是ATP结合盒转运蛋白超家族成员之一,其通过主动外排化疗药物如米托蒽醌、托泊替康和甲氨蝶呤,进而介导肿瘤化疗耐受. 最近有研究发现,在野生型p53（wild type p53, wt-p53）低表达的乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中,外源性wt-p53通过抑制核转录因子-κB （nuclear factor-κB, NF-κB）的活性进而抑制BCRP的表达,但其详细的分子机制有待进一步阐明. 本研究选用p53缺失的骨肉瘤细胞系Saos-2,通过瞬时转染技术发现,wt-p53可以激活BCRP的表达,而突变型p53的激活作用消失;报告基因试验显示,wt-p53可以上调BCRP启动子活性;通过生物信息学软件MatInspector对BCRP启动子区进行预测,未发现p53结合元件;同时,通过转染IκB抑制Saos-2细胞中NF-κB的活性后发现,Saos-2细胞中NF-κB活性越低,p53对BCRP启动子的激活作用越弱甚至完全消失. 上述结果提示,p53对Saos-2细胞中BCRP的激活作用是NF-κB依赖性的.     

P53参与抑制PC-1基因转录的结构域分析

目的:分析P53分子参与抑制PC-1基因转录的结构域。方法:构建P53分子突变体;将前列腺癌LNCaP细胞瞬时转染野生型或突变型p53及含PC-1启动子的荧光素酶表达载体p4939,分析PC-1启动子的转录活性。结果:P53分子N端转录激活域及富含脯氨酸功能域突变体没有减弱对PC-1启动子的转录抑制作用,而特异性DNA结合域上175、273位突变体和C端339～346位氨基酸的缺失突变体都减弱了对PC-1启动子转录的抑制作用;另外P53分子第175和273位突变体在前列腺癌细胞中对野生型P53的转录抑制功能表现出显性负效应。结论:P53分子特异性DNA结合域和C端结构域参与对PC-1基因启动子的转录抑制,而P53突变体的显性负效应可能是PC-1在前列腺癌进展中表达失调的因素之一。     

Ataxia-Telangiectasia Group D Complementing Gene (ATDC) Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by Activating NF-κB Pathway

Previous studies suggested Ataxia-telangiectasia group D complementing gene (ATDC) as an oncogene in many types of cancer. However, its expression and biological functions in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Herein, we investigated its expression pattern in 109 cases of human NSCLC samples by immunohistochemistry and found that ATDC was overexpressed in 62 of 109 NSCLC samples (56.88%). ATDC overexpression correlated with histological type (p<0.0001), tumor status (p = 0.0227) and histological differentiation (p = 0.0002). Next, we overexpressed ATDC in normal human bronchial epithelial cell line HBE and depleted its expression in NSCLC cell lines A549 and H1299. MTT and colony formation assay showed that ATDC overexpression promoted cell proliferation while its depletion inhibited cell growth. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis showed that ATDC overexpression decreased the percentage of cells in G1 phase and increased the percentage of cells in S phase, while ATDC siRNA treatment increased the G1 phase percentage and decreased the S phase percentage. Further study revealed that ATDC overexpression could up-regulate cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression in HBE cells while its depletion down-regulated cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression in A549 and H1299 cells. In addition, ATDC overexpression was also associated with an increased proliferation index, cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression in human NSCLC samples. Further experiments demonstrated that ATDC up-regulated cyclin D1 and c-Myc expression independent of wnt/β-catenin or p53 signaling pathway. Interestingly, ATDC overexpression increased NF-κB reporter luciferase activity and p-IκB protein level. Correspondingly, NF-κB inhibitor blocked the effect of ATDC on up-regulation of cyclin D1 and c-Myc. In conclusion, we demonstrated that ATDC could promote lung cancer proliferation through NF-κB induced up-regulation of cyclin D1 and c-Myc.     

Alterations in TP53, cyclin D2, c-Myc, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 expression associated with progression in B-CLL

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) originates from B lymphocytes that may differ in the activation level, maturation state or cellular subgroups in peripheral blood. Tumour progression in CLL B cells seems to result in gradual accumulation of the clone of resting B lymphocytes in the early phases (G0/G1) of the cell cycle. The G1 phase is impaired in B-CLL. We investigated the gene expression of five key cell cycle regulators: TP 53, c-Myc, cyclin D2, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1, which primarily regulate the G1 phase of the cell cycle, or S-phase entry and ultimately control the proliferation and cell growth as well as their role in B-CLL progression. The study was conducted in peripheral blood CLL lymphocytes of 40 previously untreated patients. Statistical analysis of correlations of TP53, cyclin D2, c-Myc, p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1 expressions in B-CLL patients with different Rai stages demonstrated that the progression of disease was accompanied by increases in p53, cyclin D2 and c-Myc mRNA expression. The expression of p27KIP1 was nearly statistically significant whereas that of p21 WAF1/CIP1 showed no such correlation. Moreover, high expression levels of TP53 and c-Myc genes were found to be closely associated with more aggressive forms of the disease requiring earlier therapy.     

ErbB2/Neu-induced, cyclin D1-dependent transformation is accelerated in p27-haploinsufficient mammary epithelial cells but impaired in p27-null cells

ErbB2/Neu destabilizes the cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p27 and increases expression of cyclin D1. Therefore, we studied the roles of p27 and cyclin D1 in ErbB2-mediated mammary epithelial cell transformation. Overexpression of ErbB2 or cyclin D1 in p27(+/-) primary murine mammary epithelial cells resulted in increased proliferation, cyclin D1 nuclear localization, and colony formation in soft agar compared to those in p27(+/+) cells. In contrast, ErbB2- or cyclin D1-overexpressing p27(-/-) cells displayed reduced proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, Cdk4 activity, cyclin D1 expression, and cyclin D1 nuclear localization compared to wild-type cells. A cyclin D1 mutation in its nuclear export sequence (T286A) partially rescued nuclear localization of cyclin D1 in p27(-/-) cells but did not increase proliferation or Cdk4 kinase activity. Overexpression of E2F1, however, increased proliferation to the same degree in p27(+/+), p27(+/-), and p27(-/-) cells. Mammary glands from MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)-neu/p27(+/-) mice exhibited alveolar hyperplasia, enhanced proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and accelerated tumor formation compared to MMTV-neu/p27(+/+) glands. However, MMTV-neu/p27(-/-) glands showed decreased proliferation, cyclin D1 expression, and Cdk4 activity, as well as markedly prolonged tumor latency, compared to MMTV-neu/p27(+/+) glands. These results suggest that p27(+/-) mammary epithelium may be more susceptible to oncogene-induced tumorigenesis, whereas p27-null glands, due to severely impaired cyclin D1/Cdk4 function, are more resistant to transformation.