裸鼠皮肤组织淋巴管的细微分布

本文应用５’－Ｎａｓｅ－ＡＬＰ双重染色法观察了裸鼠皮肤组织淋巴管的细微分布。在光镜下毛细淋巴管和淋巴管呈５’－Ｎａｓｅ强阳性反应,管壁显示明显的棕色或深棕色,而毛细血管和血管呈ＡＬＰ显示强阳性反应,管壁呈明显的蓝色。据此可用组化方法将淋巴管毛细淋巴管与血管毛细血管区别开来。实验结果表明：裸鼠皮肤真皮内有较多的毛细淋巴管,皮下组织和肌肉组织内可见毛细淋巴管和淋巴管。上述结果为进一步研究鼻咽癌裸鼠皮下移植后自发性淋巴道转移机理,以及癌组织内淋巴管的细微分布提供可靠的方法。     

5’核苷酸酶碱性磷酸酶双重染色法在毛细淋巴管研究中的应用

本文应用5’-N-ALP双重染色法观察了裸鼠皮肤及人胃癌组织内淋巴管的形态和细微分布.在光镜下毛细淋巴管、淋巴管呈5’-N强阳性反应,管壁显示明显的棕色或深棕色,而毛细血管、血管的ALP呈强阳性,管壁呈明显的蓝色.据此可用组化方法将毛细淋巴管和毛细血管区别开来.本法能显示呈褐色的毛细淋巴管,特别是呈实性条索状的毛细淋巴管,因而双重染色比HE染色更能客观、准确地显示毛细淋巴管的分布.     

国人睾丸、附睾和输精管的水解酶的组织化学观察

本文报导国人睾丸、附睾和输精管的ＮＳＥ,ＡＣｈＥ,ＣｈＥ,ＡＬＰ,ＡＣＰ,５＇－Ｎａｓｅ,Ｇ－６－Ｐａｓｅ,β－ＧＡ,β－ＧＲ,ＡＰ－Ｍ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ和ＴＰＰａｓｅ水解酶的组织化学活性、结果显示：睾丸曲细精管的ＡＬＰ,５＇－Ｎａｓｅ和ＡＴＰａｓｅ;睾丸间质细胞的ＮＳＥ,ＡＬＰ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ和ＡＣＰ;睾丸间质中的ＮＳＥ,ＡＬＰ和ＡＴ－Ｐａｓｃ;睾丸输出小管和附睾管上皮的ＮＳＥ,ＡＬＰ,ＡＣＰ,５’－Ｎａｓｅ,β－ＧＡ,β－ＧＲ,ＡＴＰａｓｅ和Ｔｐｐａｓｅ;附睾头部间质中的ＮＳＥ,ＡＣｈＥ,ＡＬＰ,和ＡＴＰａｓｅ;输精管上皮细胞的ＡＴＰａｓｅ的酶活性均呈强阳性或极强阳性。说明人类睾丸、附睾和输精管含有丰富的水解酶,尤其是附睾头部的输出小管、附睾管和头质均含有种类多活性高的水解酶,在精子的功能成熟上起了重要的作用,提示其可能作为生育与不育诊治中的重要指标。     

胃癌癌旁肠化上皮酶组织化学研究

本文应用酶组化方法对６０例胃癌癌旁粘膜中４７例肠化上皮（７８．３％）的破性磷酸酶（ＡＬＰ）、酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、胞嘧啶单核苷酸酶（ＣＭＰ）、葡萄糖－６－磷酸酶（Ｇ－６－ｐａｓｅ）、焦磷酸硫胺素酶（ＴＰＰａｓｅ）、５－核苷酸酶（ＳＮａｓｅ）、三磷酸腺苷酶（Ｍｇ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）和细胞色素氧化酶（ＣＣＯ）等九种细胞器标志酶进行了定位观察。结果发现肠化上皮吸收细胞上述酶活性均较强,且分布具有极性,杯状细胞酶反应较弱,主要位于细胞基底部。癌旁粘膜肠化阳性率为７８．３％,其中ＡＬＰ阳性的酶完全型肠化和ＡＬＰ阴性的酶不完全型肠化分别占５３．２％,４６．８％,两者出现率相近。酶完全型肠化ＡＬＰ阳性率在胃分化型癌及未分化型癌瘤旁分别占６９．２％和３３．３％。ＡＬＰ阳性率在胃分化型及未分化型癌组织内分别为３５．５％和０％。提示肠化上皮具有与肠上皮相似的代谢特征,酶完全型肠化和酶不完全型肠化可能是肠化的二种不同的形式,在致癌环境下,二者都有可能转变成癌,其中酶完全型肠化与分化型癌的关系较为密切。     

五种酶组织化学方洁显示大鼠海马微血管的比较

本文对１０例成年Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠海马,应用过氧化物酶二氨基联苯胺（ＤＡＢ）法、碱性磷酸酶（ＡＩＰ）、镁离子激活的三磷酸腺苷酶（Ｍｇ（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）、钙离子激活的三磷酸腺昔酶（Ｃａ（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ）和５’－核苷酸酶（５’－Ｎａｓｅ）等酶组织化学方法显示其微血管,并应用体视学方法测算,比较上述方法显示微血管的效果,结果表明：ＤＡＢ法显示微血管的效果最好,ＡＩＰ法次之,Ｍｇ（２＋）－ＡＴ－Ｐａｓｅ法再次之。大鼠海马微血管Ｃａ（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ呈弱阳性,５‘－Ｎａｓｅ呈阴性。ＤＡＢ法和Ｍｇ（２＋）－ＡＴＰａｓｅ法分别适宜作微血管长度密度和血管直径的定量分析。     

喉淋巴管的几种组织化学显色法比较观察

目的为喉毛细血管和毛细淋巴管的鉴别提供更好的技术方法。方法采用间接注射法,5′-核苷酸酶-碱性磷酸酶双重显色法（5′-Nase-ALPase）,针对基底膜的免疫组化显色法。结果酶组化染色结果显示毛细血管和血管显示有清楚的蓝色轮廓,而附近的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管则呈棕色轮廓,两者易于鉴别。免疫组化染色结果显示毛细血管和血管显示清楚的棕色轮廓,而附近的毛细淋巴管和淋巴管轮廓极其浅淡,两者亦可鉴别。结论酶组化和免疫组化显色法是喉内区别毛细淋巴管和毛细血管的一种可靠且特异的方法。     

小鼠胸腺哺育细胞内淋巴细胞碱性磷酸酶电镜观察

碱性磷酸酶（ａｌｋａｌｉｎｅｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔａｓｅ,ＡＬＰ）是研究Ｔ淋巴细胞分裂分化的标记之一。胸腺内淋巴母细胞具有膜性ＡＬＰ。本文采用ＡＬＰ超微结构细胞化学方法,探讨小鼠胸腺哺育细胞（Ｔｈｙｍｉｃｎｕｒｓｅｃｅｌ,ＴＮＣ）内淋巴细胞（ＴＮＣ－Ｌ）ＡＬＰ的活性分布。观察结果,２０％的ＴＮＣ内有少数淋巴细胞呈阳性反应,而ＴＮＣ外游离的淋巴细胞均为ＡＬＰ阴性反应。结果表明,部分ＴＮＣ内含有少量淋巴母细胞亚群,ＴＮＣ是Ｔ淋巴细胞分裂分化的微环境之一     

DAB诱发大白鼠肝癌过程中细胞质膜上酶变化的观察

本实验以二甲基氨基偶氮苯（ＤＡＢ）诱发大白鼠肝癌的动物模型为材料,观察了在诱癌过程中和肝癌形成后大白鼠肝细胞质膜上几种酶活性的变化,用不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心法制备肝细胞质膜,分光光度法对酶活性进行定量测定。实验结果表明,在诱无病癌过程中,肝细胞质膜上５′－ＡＭＰａｓｅ活性上降,γ－ＧＴａｓｅ活性显著升高。γ－ＧＴａｓｅ活性升高幅度与病理变化正相关,并且在诱癌早期就能表现出来。     

苜蓿悬浮细胞对盐胁迫的瓜和适应

苜蓿悬浮细胞能够适应２２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＮａＣｌ及其以下盐浓度的胁迫,适应细胞中游离脯氨酸、还原糖和Ｎａ＾＋积累增加。４４０ｍｍｏｌ／ＮａＣｌ对细胞生长明显抑制。细胞对盐胁迫的反应和适应中ＰＭ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ和ＴＭ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ起到重要作用,在适应细胞中两者的活力都明显增加。ＰＭ－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力的增加可受ＣＨＸ的明显抑制。     

培养牛心内膜内皮细胞的腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶的特性研究

包括血管内皮细胞在内的多种细胞和组织存在腺苷三磷酸双磷酸酶,但心内膜内皮细胞是否含有ａｐｙｒａｓｅ尚无报道。本文旨在研究牛心内膜内皮细胞ａｐｙｒａｓｅ的特性。以无机磷释放法检测培养牛心内膜内皮细胞（ＢＥＥＣ）ａｐｙｒａｓｅ的活性,公认的ａｐｙｒａｓｅ抑制剂叠氮钠呈浓度依赖性地抑制ａｐｙｒａｓｅ活性;另一种ａｐｙｒａｓｅ抑制剂氟化钠也明显抑制ａｐｙｒａｓｅ活性地抑制活性而Ｎａ＾＋／Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓ     

Identification of lymph and blood capillaries by immunohistochemical staining for various basement membrane components.

In the present report we analyzed the presence and distribution of various basement membrane (BM) proteins in normal blood and lymph vessels with special emphasis on BM-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) when compared to the BM-components collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin. We found that normal lymph capillaries have a BM that contains only collagen IV and small amounts of laminin, but almost no BM-associated HSPG and fibronectin, while blood capillaries showed a BM comprising of all components tested for. Larger lymphatics, however, were indistinguishable from blood vessels on the basis of BM staining. Lymphangiomas showed a BM pattern similar to that of lymph capillaries. Our findings provide evidence that the differential staining of BM-components may represent a reliable method for morphological distinction between blood and lymph capillaries. A comparison of these results with the BM-pattern in other functionally specialized blood vessels (glomerulus, sinusoids) provides evidence that the BM-composition may have some major impact on the functional properties. Thus, it is conceivable that the lack of HSPG in lymph capillaries may be essential for a free influx of fluid and proteins into these capillaries, which may have been extravasated into the interstitium.     

Identification of lymph and blood capillaries by immunohistochemical staining for various basement membrane components

Summary In the present report we analyzed the presence and distribution of various basement membrane (BM) proteins in normal blood and lymph vessels with special emphasis on BM-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) when compared to the BM-components collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin. We found that normal lymph capillaries have a BM that contains only collagen IV and small amounts of laminin, but almost no BM-associated HSPG and fibronectin, while blood capillaries showed a BM comprising of all components tested for. Larger lymphatics, however, were indistinguishable from blood vessels on the basis of BM staining. Lymphangiomas showed a BM pattern similar to that of lymph capillaries. Our findings provide evidence that the differential staining of BM-components may represent a reliable method for morphological distinction between blood and lymph capillaries. A comparison of these results with the BM-pattern in other functionally specialized blood vessels (glomerulus, sinusoids) provides evidence that the BM-composition may have some major impact on the functional properties. Thus, it is conceivable that the lack of HSPG in lymph capillaries may be essential for a free influx of fluid and proteins into these capillaries, which may have been extravasated into the interstitium.     

Enzyme-histochemical identification of lymphatic vessels by light and backscattered image scanning electron microscopy

The walls of lymphatics are characterized by strong 5'-nucleotidase activity, whereas those of blood capillaries reveal significantly lower or no activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity, on the other hand, is markedly higher in blood capillaries than in lymphatic vessels. On the basis of such characteristics, lymphatics and blood capillaries were distinguished histochemically in rat stomach using 5'-nucleotidase-alkaline phosphatase double staining. The distribution and intensity of lead-demonstrated 5'-nucleotidase activity in lymphatic vessels could be determined by comparing the images of the same histochemically stained cryostat section as seen by light and backscattered image scanning electron microscopy. The specificity of the 5'-nucleotidase reaction was obtained by inhibiting nonspecific alkaline phosphatase by including L-tetramisole in the 5'-nucleotidase incubation medium. The products of the 5'-nucleotidase activity were deposited on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the lymphatic endothelial cells.     

Enzyme-Histochemical Identification of Lymphatic Vessels by Light and Backscattered Image Scanning Electron Microscopy

The walls of lymphatics are characterized by strong 5'-nucleotidase activity, whereas those of blood capillaries reveal significantly lower or no activity. Alkaline phosphatase activity, on the other hand, is markedly higher in blood capillaries than in lymphatic vessels. On the basis of such characteristics, lymphatics and blood capillaries were distinguished histochemically in rat stomach using 5'-nucleotidase-alkaline phosphatase double staining. The distribution and intensity of lead-demonstrated 5'-nucleotidase activity in lymphatic vessels could be determined by comparing the images of the same histochemically stained cryostat section as seen by light and backscattered image scanning electron microscopy. The specificity of the 5'-nucleotidase reaction was obtained by inhibiting nonspecific alkaline phosphatase by including L-tetramisole in the 5'-nucleotidase incubation medium. The products of the 5'-nucleotidase activity were deposited on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of the lymphatic endothelial cells.     

宫颈鳞状细胞癌中ADAM17 的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨去整合素-金属蛋白酶17(ADAM17)在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其临床病理意义。方法:运用免疫组织化学法分别检测正常宫颈上皮、宫颈鳞状细胞癌及宫颈上皮内瘤样变组织中ADAM17的表达,并分析其与宫颈癌临床分期及淋巴结转移的相关性。结果:ADAM17在正常宫颈上皮组织切片中无明显表达,在宫颈上皮内瘤样变组织中少部分表达,呈浅黄色,在宫颈鳞状细胞癌中癌细胞大量表达,ADAM17表达呈棕褐色,数量较多且浓染。不同临床分期的宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中ADAM17的阳性表达率比较存在显著统计学差异(P0.05),且随临床分期的上升,ADAM17的表达逐渐升高;有淋巴结转移的宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中ADAM17的阳性表达率显著高于无淋巴结转移的宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:ADAM17蛋白在宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织中呈异常高表达,且与宫颈鳞状细胞癌的临床分期和淋巴结转移密切相关,通过检测ADAM17蛋白的表达可能有助于宫颈鳞状细胞癌的诊断、治疗和预后预测。     

Expression of Mina53 and its significance in gastric carcinoma

AIM: To study the expression of Mina53 and its relationships with clinicopathological characteristics, antioncogene inactivation and tumor proliferation in human gastric carcinoma, and to explore the role of Mina53 in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. METHODS: Expression of Mina53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined in gastric carcinoma (n=79), gastric dysplasia (n=21) and normal gastric tissues (n=20), while p53 was measured in gastric carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Mina53 was negatively expressed in all normal mucosa tissues. Dysplasia specimens showed weakly positive staining for Mina53 in 3 of 21 cases. Elevated expression of Mina53 was observed in 72 (91.1%) of the gastric carcinomas. No significant associations were found between Mina53 and clinicopathological characteristics such as sex, age, histological differentiation, distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis (p>0.05). There was a significant association with depth of invasion (X2=5.385, p<0.05) and TMN stage (X2=6.255, p<0.05). In gastric carcinoma, positive staining for p53 was detected in 53 of 79 cases (67.1%), showing a significant association with Mina53 (X2=5.161, p<0.05). The mean (+/- SD) PCNA labeling index for gastric carcinoma was 39.47+/-16.92%. Mina53 expression was positively associated with PCNA level (r=0.756, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Mina53 was overexpressed in gastric carcinoma and associated with tumor proliferation and antioncogene inactivation. Mina53 could therefore play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma.     

The presence of carbonic anhydrase in orbital glands. An enzyme-histochemical study in cynomolgus monkeys and rabbits

The distribution of carbonic anhydrase (CA) was studied in the lacrimal gland of the cynomolgus monkey as well as in the lacrimal, infra-orbital and harderian glands of the rabbit. In the lacrimal gland of the cynomolgus monkey, a number of acini with positive staining were found; however, another group of acini did not stain. In the positively stained acinar cells, large amounts of reaction product were located in the cytoplasm, but only weak staining was observed in the membranes. In the endothelial cells of capillaries a strong staining reaction was only seen in those vessels which were adjacent to the acinar cells containing CA. In the lacrimal and infra-orbital glands of the rabbit, there was intense staining of the cell membranes in all acinar cells and weak staining of the cytoplasm in a few acinar cells. Stained capillaries were also found here, but these were not as numerous as in the lacrimal gland of the cynomolgus monkey. In the harderian gland of the rabbit, there was no staining in the white lobe. In the red lobe the acinar cells displayed distinct staining exclusively in the basolateral membranes. There was no staining of capillaries in the harderian gland. In none of the glands studied was there staining of the epithelial cells of the excretory ducts. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.