乙型肝炎病毒X蛋白通过miR-122调节肝癌细胞增殖及细胞周期的研究

乙型肝炎病毒中的功能蛋白乙肝病毒X蛋白(Hepatitis B virus X protein,HBx)在促进肝细胞恶性改变中起到重要作用,但目前HBx调控肝癌细胞生长的具体机制仍未完全阐明。miR-122是具有抑癌特性的一类miR,在乙肝相关肝癌中表达减少。为了研究HBx通过微小RNA(microRNA,miR)-122调节肝癌细胞增殖及细胞周期的作用,本研究培养肝癌HepG2细胞株并进行分组,NC组转染NC慢病毒载体、HBx组转染HBx慢病毒载体、HBx+NC模拟物组转染HBx慢病毒载体及NC模拟物、HBx+miR-122模拟物组转染HBx慢病毒载体及miR-122模拟物、NC模拟物组转染NC模拟物、miR-122模拟物组:转染miR-122模拟物。通过MTS法检测细胞增殖活力,流式细胞术检测细胞周期,PCR检测miR-122表达量,western blot检测细胞周期蛋白G1(CyclinG1)、X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)的表达量。结果显示HBx组细胞的OD值、细胞周期G2/M期比例及细胞中CyclinG1、XIAP、β-catenin的表达量均明显高于NC组(P0.05),细胞周期G0/G1期、S期比例及细胞中miR-122表达量均明显低于NC组(P0.05);HBx+miR-122模拟物组细胞的OD值、细胞周期G2/M期比例及细胞中CyclinG1、XIAP、β-catenin的表达量均明显低于HBx+NC模拟物组(P0.05),细胞周期G0/G1期、S期比例及细胞中miR-122表达量均明显高于HBx+NC模拟物组(P0.05);miR-122模拟物组CyclinG1、XIAP、β-catenin荧光素酶报告基因的荧光活性明显低于NC模拟物组(P0.05)。本研究结果充分说明HBx能够增强肝癌细胞的增殖活力及明显加速细胞周期,且该作用部分由miR-122的下调所介导。本研究首次阐明了HBx调节肝癌细胞生长的分子机制,也初步探明了具有抑癌活性的miR-122在肝癌细胞中可能靶向CyclinG1、XIAP、β-catenin等基因。     

Cosmc基因在卵巢癌中生物学功能的研究

目的:明确Cosmc基因在卵巢癌细胞中的生物学功能。方法:本研究采用慢病毒转染技术,在卵巢癌细胞A2780和SKOV3中过表达Cosmc基因,MTT实验、细胞凋亡实验以及Transwell侵袭实验对过表达Cosmc后卵巢癌细胞在生长、凋亡、侵袭等方面的影响。结果:慢病毒转染卵巢癌细胞A2780和SKOV-3后,Cosmc的蛋白表达显著提高;MTT结果显示,与空载体对照组相比,过表达Cosmc的卵巢癌细胞生长能力显著减弱;流式细胞术结果表明Cosmc过表达的卵巢癌细胞凋亡数较空载体对照组细胞显著增加;Transwell实验显示Cosmc过表达的细胞侵袭和迁移能力较空载体对照组显著减少。结论:卵巢癌细胞系中过表达Cosmc基因能抑制卵巢癌细胞的生长和侵袭并促进细胞凋亡。     

EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白1通过Survivin介导细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡

利用间接免疫荧光、基因转染、抗体剔除 (Ab knock out)、细胞平板集落形成、流式细胞术以及半胱氨酸天冬酰胺酶 (caspase3)活性检测等方法 ,从survivin核移位、Rb磷酸化、细胞周期演进、细胞克隆形成和细胞凋亡等方面 ,探讨EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白 1(LMP1)调控细胞增殖和细胞凋亡双重效应的分子机制 .结果发现 ,LMP1表达介导survivin核移位 ,促进细胞Rb磷酸化增加 ,S期细胞数显著增加 ;LMP1通过survivin促进细胞克隆形成 .用Ab knock out阻断survivin核移位和survivin反义核酸抑制survivin表达时 ,Rb磷酸化水平降低 ,S期细胞减少 ,抑制LMP1介导的细胞增殖 ,活化细胞caspase 3,诱导细胞凋亡 .结果提示 ,EB病毒LMP1通过survivin促进细胞增殖和抑制细胞凋亡     

穿膜素TAT介导的KDR-siRNA慢病毒载体的构建及其靶向肺癌A549细胞的抗肿瘤作用

为了构建TAT与KDR-siRNA慢病毒载体,观察其对肺癌细胞株 A549的体外靶向抗肿瘤作用,利用重组技术构建TAT-KDR siRNA慢病毒载体并转染人肺癌细胞株 A549。实时荧光定量PCR、Western blot检测KDR基因水平变化;流式细胞仪、MTT 法、集落形成试验检测其对A549细胞株细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和克隆形成的影响;细胞黏附实验评价其肿瘤靶向性。其抗癌作用主要表现为可有效地抑制A549细胞KDR基因表达、细胞增殖和克隆形成,促进细胞凋亡,并具有肿瘤靶向性作用。因而认为,TAT与KDR靶向siRNA慢病毒载体具有显著的肿瘤靶向性和抗肿瘤活性。     

慢病毒介导的siRNA联合紫杉醇抑制胃癌细胞增殖的研究

目的:探讨慢病毒介导的靶向血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的RNAi对人胃癌细胞SGC7901增殖、细胞凋亡及紫杉醇药物敏感性的影响.方法:慢病毒VEGF-RNAi-LV感染SGC7901细胞后,MTT法检测RNAi及RNAi联合紫杉醇对细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测细胞周期的变化,Hoechst33258染色观察细胞的凋亡.结果:MTT结果显示:与未感染病毒的SGC7901细胞及感染阴性病毒对照NC-LV的胃癌细胞比较,VEGF-RNAi-LV感染后的胃癌细胞生长缓慢,对紫杉醇的敏感性增加;流式细胞周期分析结果表明VEGF-RNAi-LV转粢后的细胞GO/GI期比例升高,S期和G2/M期比例降低;Hoechst33258染色结果证实VEGF-RNAi-LV组细胞核出现典型的凋亡形态学改变.结论:慢病毒介导的RNAi可明显抑制人胃癌细胞增殖,促进细胞凋亡,提高胃癌细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性.     

胰腺癌原位种植瘤中VEGF-C的器官差异表达和作用

目的 研究胰腺癌裸鼠原位种植瘤自发性淋巴结转移模型中VEGF-C表达的器官差异,以及VEGF-C反义寡核苷酸对不同生长部位胰腺癌细胞生长、凋亡能力的影响。方法 建立人胰腺癌细胞株PANC-1裸鼠原位种植瘤自发性淋巴结转移模型,分离、原代培养原发灶和自发性淋巴结转移灶中的胰腺癌细胞,并应用荧光定量PCR、MTT、流式细胞术检测VEGF-C反义寡核苷酸转染对原发胰腺癌细胞和淋巴结转移的胰腺癌细胞各自生长特性、凋亡能力的影响。结果 淋巴结转移胰腺癌细胞VEGF-C的mRNA表达水平显著高于原发灶胰腺癌细胞（P〈0.05）。VEGF-C反义核苷酸抑制胰腺癌细胞VEGF-C的表达后,淋巴结转移灶中胰腺癌细胞生长抑制率、凋亡率均显著提高（P〈0.01）,而原发灶中胰腺癌细胞无明显影响（P〉0.05）。结论 VEGF-C反义寡核苷酸能显著抑制淋巴结转移灶中胰腺癌细胞生长、促进凋亡,但对原发灶胰腺癌细胞无影响;VEGF-C基因的表达和作用存在器官差异性。     

TIP30在胰腺中的表达及对胰腺癌细胞生物学特性的影响

目的:探讨抑癌基因TIP30在胰腺中的表达情况,并研究其对胰腺癌细胞生物学特性的影响,为TIP30在胰腺癌基因治疗中的应用提供依据.方法:采用免疫组织化学检测12例正常胰腺组织和106例胰腺导管腺癌组织中TIP30的表达情况;RT-PCR和Western blot检测TIP30基因在三种主要胰腺癌细胞系中的表达情况;根据结果构建相应慢病毒载体转染胰腺癌细胞,检测TIP30对细胞增殖能力,克隆形成能力和成瘤能力的影响.结果:TIP30在胰腺导管腺癌组织中表达缺失率为49.1％,正常组织中的缺失率为0％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);在不同胰腺癌细胞系中,内源性TIP30也存在差异化表达,Capan-2细胞系中表达量最高,SW1990细胞系其次,PANC-1细胞系中表达量最低;抑制Capan-2细胞内源性TIP30表达可以增强肿瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成和成瘤能力,使PANC-1细胞中TIP30过表达,可以抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、克隆形成和成瘤能力.结论:组织表达分析和细胞功能试验都证实TIP30作为抑癌基因在胰腺癌发生发展中起重要作用,为胰腺癌的治疗提供新的研究方向.     

XIAP在胰腺癌化疗耐药及治疗中的研究进展

X连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein,XIAP)是凋亡抑制蛋白家族中的一员,具有抗凋亡作用.研究发现XIAP在胰腺癌中呈高表达,并且能诱导胰腺癌细胞及组织对化疗耐药.通过在基因水平及蛋白水平降低XIAP的表达对胰腺癌的治疗具有重要意义.AEG 35156是针对XIAP的反义寡核苷酸分子,能够抑制胰腺癌细胞及组织生长.RNAi能够稳定下调胰腺癌细胞中XIAP水平,从而加强TRAIL诱导的细胞凋亡,并能提高胰腺癌细胞对化疗的敏感性.针对XIAP的小分化合物能够抑制XIAP的功能,释放被XIAP抑制的凋亡起始和效应分子以及XIAP抑制的其他促凋亡蛋白,提高多种肿瘤细胞的凋亡指数及对放化疗的敏感性.XAFl能抑制XIAP的抗凋亡作用.本文就XIAP在胰腺癌化疗耐药及治疗中的研究进展做一综述.     

蒽贝素(Embelin)通过阻断NF-κB信号通路抑制肝癌细胞Bel-7404生长的研究

蒽贝素(Embelin)是一种X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, XIAP)的小分子抑制剂,可以抑制XIAP的生成和活性,从而解除XIAP的抗凋亡作用,使凋亡顺利进行．研究了Embelin抑制肝癌细胞Bel-7404增殖的机制．采用不同浓度梯度,通过荧光显微镜、Hochest33342染色、MTT检测、AnnexinⅤ/PI流式细胞术和Western blot分别检测Embelin对Bel-7404细胞的形态学变化、凋亡小体形成、细胞存活率、细胞凋亡水平、凋亡信号转导相关蛋白表达的影响．结果显示,Embelin能明显抑制Bel-7404细胞增殖,并通过激活caspase通路以及阻断NF-κB信号通路诱导Bel-7404细胞凋亡,为进一步利用Embelin进行肝癌治疗的研究打下一定的基础．     

体外RNA干扰下调DEPTOR表达对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡能力的影响

目的:研究探讨应用RNA干扰技术构建人DEPTOR基因的shRNA慢病毒载体,鉴定在多发性骨髓瘤RPMI-8226细胞上的沉默效果,并评价DEPTOR对人多发性骨髓瘤细胞增殖和凋亡能力的影响.方法:设计4个DEPTOR siRNA序列,化学合成后退火形成双链,克隆到酶切的hU6-MCS-CMV-EGFP(GV115)-shRNA慢病毒载体.重组质粒经PCR测序鉴定后,脂质体介导下转染293T细胞,Western blot检测DEPTOR的表达,筛选出干扰效果最佳的GV115-shRNA.将筛选的GV 115-shRNA与慢病毒包装质粒共转染293T细胞生成病毒,收集病毒上清并浓缩,测定浓度.将病毒颗粒感染多发性骨髓瘤RPMI-8226细胞,应用Real-time PCR方法从mRNA水平及Western blot方法从蛋白水平检测DEPTOR的沉默效果.运用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测骨髓瘤细胞增殖能力的变化;流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡;用Western blot分析cleaved caspase-3和cleaved PARP的变化.结果:构建的慢病毒载体shRNA的PCR鉴定和测序正确,成功筛选出最有效抑制DEPTOR表达的shRNA2序列,包装病毒后滴度达到1×109TU/ml.慢病毒感染RPMI-8226细胞后可表达EGFP,Real-time PCR和Western blot检测DEPTOR的表达明显下降.下调DEPTOR基因可显著减慢骨髓瘤细胞的生长速度(P＜0.05),肿瘤细胞的凋亡率上升(P＜0.01).DEPTOR shRNA上调cleaved caspase-3、cleaved PARP和Bax表达,下调Bcl-2及PI3K/Akt信号通路的表达(P＜0.01).结论:成功构建了DEPTOR shRNA重组慢病毒载体,其转染多发性骨髓瘤RPMI-8226细胞后显著抑制了DEPTOR的表达.DEPTOR shRNA可以有效地诱导骨髓瘤细胞的凋亡,并抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖.PI3K/Akt信号通路可能参与了其凋亡过程.     

Expression and genetic analysis of XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1) in cancer cell lines

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a potent modulator of programmed cell death. XIAP specifically binds and inhibits the function of caspase-3, -7, and -9, key effector proteases of apoptosis. We recently isolated, by yeast two-hybrid screening, a novel 34-kDa zinc finger protein, XIAP-associated factor 1 (XAF1). Both the caspase inhibiting and the anti-apoptotic abilities of XIAP were found to be blocked by overexpressed XAF1. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the human XAF1 gene. The xaf1 gene consists of seven exons spanning 18 kb. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis localized the xaf1 locus at 17p13.2, telomeric to the p53 gene. The xaf1 locus was further refined to YAC 746C10, approximately 3 cM distal to TP53. Microsatellite analysis of the xaf1 locus using the NCI 60 cell line panel revealed significantly decreased heterozygosity at all three polymorphic markers tested, suggesting that allelic loss of the xaf1 gene is prevalent in cancer cell lines. Examination of the same NCI cell line panel for xaf1 RNA expression demonstrated that cancer cell lines exhibited very low levels of mRNA relative to normal human liver. In contrast, XIAP mRNA levels were relatively high in the majority of cancer cell lines tested. We propose that a high level of XIAP to XAF1 expression in cancer cells may provide a survival advantage through the relative increase of XIAP anti-apoptotic function.     

虎杖提取物对人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:通过虎杖提取物干预人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1,探讨虎杖提取物对人胰腺癌细胞增殖凋亡表型的影响。方法:制备不同浓度(0、10、50、100、150、200μg/m L)的虎杖提取物,将各个浓度的虎杖提取物分别加入待处理的人胰腺癌Panc-1细胞系中持续培养24 h后,利用CCK-8(cell counting kit-8)法检测细胞株Panc-1的增殖活性;将100μg/m L虎杖提取物处理人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-124 h后,利用流式细胞术(FCM)检测其细胞周期及凋亡分布;100μg/m L虎杖提取物处理人胰腺癌细胞株Panc-124 h后,提取细胞总RNA及总蛋白,后续利用实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot分别检测人胰腺癌细胞株Panc-1增殖标志基因PCNA、CDK2及凋亡标志基因BAD、BAX的转录和翻译水平。结果:CCK-8结果表明虎杖提取物对人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1细胞增殖的抑制率随浓度增加;流式细胞术结果显示虎杖提取物抑制人胰腺癌细胞增殖促进其凋亡;荧光定量PCR和Western blot结果显示虎杖提取物能使人胰腺癌细胞增殖标志基因PCNA,CDK2表达量下降,凋亡标志基因BAD,BAX表达量上升。结论:虎杖提取物能够抑制人胰腺癌细胞系Panc-1细胞增殖并促进其凋亡。     

Akt and XIAP regulate the sensitivity of human uterine cancer cells to cisplatin,doxorubicin and taxol

We have investigated the interrelationship between two anti-apoptotic factors, XIAP and Akt, and their role in chemoresistance of uterine cancer cells. We used one cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) and two endometrial cancer cell lines (KLE and Ishikawa) as a model. The three drugs decreased Akt and XIAP content and induced apoptosis in P-Akt-negative HeLa cells. In P-Akt1/3-positive Ishikawa cells apoptosis induction correlated with XIAP decrease. P-Akt1/2/3-positive KLE cells showed maximum chemoresistance as XIAP and Akt levels/phosphorylation remained stable in response to the three drugs, and only cisplatin could significantly induce apoptosis. We found that XIAP and Akt were functionally linked in uterine cancer cells, as downregulation of XIAP with RNAi decreased P-Akt levels, and inhibition of PI3-K/Akt activity using LY294002 decreased XIAP content. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt isoforms in HeLa cells induced isoform-specific sensitivity to doxorubicin and taxol but not cisplatin. XIAP RNAi increased the cell-specific sensitivity to cisplatin and doxorubicin but not taxol. Finally, we found P-Akt immunoreactivity in epithelial cells from multiple human endometrial carcinoma tumors, suggesting that Akt may also regulate chemosensitivity in uterine cancers in vivo. Altogether these results highlight an intertwined role for specific Akt isoforms and XIAP in chemoresistance of uterine cancer cells.     

IFN-gamma sensitizes MIN6N8 insulinoma cells to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis by inhibiting NF-kappaB-mediated XIAP upregulation

Although X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is an important intracellular suppressor of apoptosis in a variety of cell types, its role in cytokine-induced pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis remains unclear. Here, we found that: (i) XIAP level was inversely correlated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced apoptosis in MIN6N8 insulinoma cells; (ii) adenoviral XIAP overexpression abrogated the TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis through inhibition of caspase activity; (iii) downregulation of XIAP by antisense oligonucleotide or Smac peptide sensitized MIN6N8 cells to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis; (iv) XIAP expression was induced by TNF-alpha through a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent pathway, and interferon (IFN)-gamma prevented such an induction in a manner independent of NF-kappaB, which presents a potential mechanism underlying cytotoxic IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha synergism. Taken together, our results suggest that XIAP is an important modulator of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of MIN6N8 cells, and XIAP regulation in pancreatic beta-cells might play an important role in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis and in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.     

Effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on the level of Survivin & XIAP expression in several human cancer cell lines, after treating with DNA damaging agent

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has opposite biological activities in regulating apoptosis, also underlying molecular mechanisms are not clearly defined. We investigated HGF ability to inhibit cell death, which was induced by Doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent. Also Survivin and XIAP mRNA levels were compared in HGF treated and non-treated cells. Cell proliferation and death were assessed using MTT assay and dye exclusion tests. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate Survivin and XIAP expression levels after treatment with HGF. ELISA was performed to quantify HGF secretion in the selected cancer cell lines media. HGF appeared to have inhibitory effect on Doxorubicin induced cell death in all of the studied cell lines. It had minimal effect on XAIP and Survivin expression levels in MRC-5, MOLT-4 and AGS cell lines; except for XIAP expression level in AGS cell line, which was increased substantially after treatment. Surprisingly, in KG-1 cell line, XIAP and Survivin expression levels were significantly reduced after HGF treatment. Although several members of IAP gene family are reported to play role in HGF mediated cytoprotective pathway, we showed that XIAP and Survivin do not seem to be involved.     

Inhibition of matrine against gastric cancer cell line MNK45 growth and its anti-tumor mechanism

Anti-tumor activity and mechanism of matrine is evaluated and investigated. MTT assay showed that the matrine was able to inhibit gastric cancer cell line MNK45 in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration required for 50% inhibition (IC50) was found to be 540 μg/ml. This anti-tumor function was achieved through modulation of the NF-κB, XIAP, CIAP, and p-ERK proteins expression in cell line MNK45. By western blot analysis, we found that expression of NF-κB, XIAP, CIAP, and p-ERK proteins in cell line MNK45 would vary with varying concentration of matrine. These protein interactions possibly play a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis, for which further detailed analyzes are need. These results overall indicate that matrine can be used as an effective anti-tumor agent in therapy of gastric cancer.     

miR-208-Induced Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Promotes Cell Metastasis and Invasion

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miR-208 in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells and the underlying molecular mechanism. miR-208 mimic, miR-208 inhibitor and NC were transfected into pancreatic cancer cell line Bxpc3 using liposome. Transwell invasion and scratch assays were used to test cell migratory and invasive abilities. Western blotting and quantitative PCR methods were used to detect E-cadherin, fibronectin and vimentin protein and mRNA expression in pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 after transfection by miR-208 mimic, miR-208 inhibitor and NC. Transwell invasion and scratch assays showed that after overexpressing miR-208, pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 exhibited enhanced in vitro migratory and invasive abilities, while after downregulating miR-208 expression, cell migratory and invasive abilities were decreased. Western blotting and quantitative PCR showed that after overexpressing miR-208, expression of E-cadherin, an epithelial cell marker, was decreased and expression of fibronectin and vimentin, interstitial cell markers, was increased in pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3; however, after inhibiting miR-208, increased E-cadherin expression and decreased fibronectin and vimentin expression were observed in pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3. After overexpressing miR-208, p-AKT and p-GSK-3β expression was altered by activating AKT/GSK-3β/snail signaling pathway. miR-208 induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC3 by activating AKT/GSK-3β/snail signaling pathway and thereby promotes cell metastasis and invasion.     

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) mediates cancer cell motility via Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI)-dependent regulation of the cytoskeleton

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) overexpression has been found to be associated with malignant cancer progression and aggression in individuals with many types of cancers. However, the molecular basis of XIAP in the regulation of cancer cell biological behavior remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that a deficiency of XIAP expression in human cancer cells by either knock-out or knockdown leads to a marked reduction in β-actin polymerization and cytoskeleton formation. Consistently, cell migration and invasion were also decreased in XIAP-deficient cells compared with parental wild-type cells. Subsequent studies demonstrated that the regulation of cell motility by XIAP depends on its interaction with the Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) via the XIAP RING domain. Furthermore, XIAP was found to negatively regulate RhoGDI SUMOylation, which might affect its activity in controlling cell motility. Collectively, our studies provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms by which XIAP regulates cancer invasion and offer a further theoretical basis for setting XIAP as a potential prognostic marker and specific target for treatment of cancers with metastatic properties.