干扰血红素加氧酶-1改善黑色素瘤细胞对顺铂耐药性的机制研究

目的:探讨血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)对皮肤黑色素瘤细胞耐药性的影响并分析其分子机制。方法:采用慢病毒载体介导RNA干扰HO-1稳定低表达的恶性皮肤黑色素瘤细胞A375(KD组),用RT-PCR和Western印迹验证其干扰效率;CCK-8法检测HO-1敲减后细胞的增殖情况及对药物顺铂的敏感性变化;流式细胞术检测顺铂对细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR及Western印迹检测顺铂处理的HO-1稳定敲减细胞系中凋亡相关基因的变化。结果:构建了HO-1稳定低表达的A375细胞株,敲低HO-1明显抑制细胞增殖;敲低HO-1后细胞对顺铂的敏感性增加,在低浓度顺铂(0.25～6μg/m L)处理的情况下,A375-sh HO-1细胞抑制率比正常A375细胞高8倍以上;顺铂处理后,在RNA水平和蛋白水平上A375-sh HO-1细胞中凋亡相关基因Bax、active Caspase-3显著增加,并降低Bcl-2的表达。结论:RNA干扰抑制HO-1基因表达能够增强皮肤黑色素瘤细胞A375对顺铂的敏感性。     

HIV-1Tat蛋白抑制DNA修复和增强细胞辐射敏感性

近年来临床研究发现,艾滋病合并肿瘤患者放疗后产生的正常组织和皮肤毒性反应明显高于普通肿瘤患者.本研究将探讨HIV-1Tat蛋白是否影响细胞对电离辐射敏感性及机理. 两个表达Tat蛋白的细胞系TT2和TE671-Tat均来源于人的横纹肌肉瘤细胞（TE671）并已转染了不同来源的tat基因.使用细胞辐射后克隆形成率检测辐射敏感性,RT-PCR和Western 印迹检测基因表达,彗星电泳和γ-H2AX位点检测DNA双链断裂和修复. TT2和TE671-Tat细胞的辐射敏感性与转染空载体及对照细胞相比明显增加.彗星电泳和γ-H2AX位点检测表明,在表达Tat蛋白的细胞中,辐射诱导DNA双链断裂的修复水平明显降低.通过RT-PCR和Western 印迹检测进一步证实,表达Tat蛋白的细胞中DNA修复蛋白DNA-PKcs的表达被抑制. HIV-1Tat蛋白抑制DNA-PKcs的表达,降低DNA双链断裂的修复,使细胞的电离辐射敏感性增高.本研究为了解AIDS合并肿瘤患者对放射治疗敏感性变化提供了重要信息.     

褪黑素联合顺铂对A549细胞凋亡相关基因的影响

观察褪黑素以及褪黑素联合顺铂是否可以抑制A549细胞增殖并促进细胞凋亡,探讨ERK1/2MAPK信号通路在这一过程中的作用,为肺腺癌的研究提供实验依据。用不同浓度的褪黑素、不同浓度的顺铂、褪黑素联合顺铂刺激体外培养的肺腺癌细胞系A549细胞,MTT法检测各组细胞的活性,运用Real-time RT-PCR检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、p53的表达水平,Western-blot检测ERK1/2MAPK的活性变化。结果:1)单纯使用褪黑素和顺铂均可抑制A549细胞增殖,褪黑素联合顺铂时,抑制作用更加显著,一定浓度的褪黑素可降低顺铂的使用浓度;2)未经处理的A549细胞Bcl-2/Bax很高,p53基因表达较低,经褪黑素以及褪黑素联合顺铂刺激后A549细胞中Bcl-2/Bax明显下降,p53基因表达明显升高,并有浓度依赖;3)经褪黑素和顺铂刺激后A549细胞中磷酸化ERK1/2MAPK水平明显降低。褪黑素联合顺铂可抑制A549细胞增殖并且诱导凋亡相关基因表达,褪黑素和顺铂对A549细胞的抑制作用可能与ERK1/2MAPK信号通路有关。     

DNA-PKcs基因沉默抑制人乳腺上皮细胞对低剂量辐射损伤的修复

DNA-PKcs作为DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-PK)的催化亚基在DNA双链断裂(DSBs)的非同源末端重组(NHEJ)通路中起重要的作用。本实验以人乳腺上皮细胞株MCF10F为研究对象,通过siRNA技术抑制细胞内DNA-PKcs的表达,用50cGy137CS照射细胞,测定细胞生长曲线以确定细胞对低剂量辐射(LDR)的敏感性,同时检测DNA修复相关蛋白表达的变化,旨在探讨DNA依赖蛋白激酶(DNA-PKcs)基因沉默对人乳腺上皮细胞株MCF10F低剂量辐射敏感性的影响及机制。结果显示:转染特异性siRNA可使人乳腺上皮细胞(MCF10F)DNA-PKcs基因沉默,增殖受到明显的抑制;50cGyγ射线辐射可使乳腺细胞内DNA-PKcs、Ku80、ATM、P53等DNA修复相关蛋白表达增多,但DNA-PKcs基因沉默细胞(MCF10Fpk)中,这些蛋白表达显著低于对照组(MCF10Fmock)。以上结果提示,DNA-PKcs基因沉默可引起乳腺细胞对低剂量辐射敏感性增加,其原因可能与相关DNA修复蛋白表达减少有关。     

利用巴西橡胶树寡核苷酸芯片筛选死皮相关基因

以健康和死皮巴西橡胶树品系热研7．33—97树皮为实验材料,利用定制橡胶树寡核苷酸芯片筛选橡胶树死皮相关基因。在橡胶树寡核苷酸芯片包含的566个基因中,死皮与健康树树皮差异表达倍数在2倍或2倍以上的有56个,占筛选转录本总数的9．9％。在56个死皮相关基因中,死皮树中上调表达基因有3个,下调表达基因有53个。这些死皮相关基因共涉及8个功能分类,“抗性及防御反应”所占比例最高,接下来是“蛋白质合成、加工及转运”和“代谢和能量”,以上三类功能基因占66．07％。此外,死皮相关基因还涉及“细胞结构、生长及分化”、“细胞信号转导”、“转录相关”、“橡胶生物合成”和“未知功能”。为验证芯片结果的可信性,随机选取18个基因进行RT-PCR分析,结果表明被检测基因表达模式均与芯片结果完全一致。本研究鉴定并分析了死皮相关基因,为进一步揭示橡胶树死皮发生机制奠定了基础。     

CCCTC结合因子在HeLa细胞中调控X染色体连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白的表达

目的:确定HeLa细胞的CCCTC结合因子(CTCF)表达水平是否与细胞的抗凋亡能力相关,并研究其具体分子机制。方法:用顺铂和阿糖胞苷分别诱导HeLa细胞和CTCF敲降的HeLa-CTCF-II-11细胞凋亡,比较两者的凋亡率;用基因表达芯片检测CTCF敲降后HeLa细胞的表达谱变化,寻找并验证受CTCF调控的与凋亡相关的蛋白。结果:用顺铂和阿糖胞苷诱导后,HeLa-CTCF-II-11细胞的凋亡率显著高于HeLa细胞;HeLa细胞的CTCF敲降后,X染色体连锁的凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)的表达显著下降。结论:CTCF敲降使HeLa细胞的抗凋亡能力下降,CTCF对XIAP基因的表达调控在这个过程中起了重要作用。     

抑制NDRG2基因表达对宫颈癌Hela细胞紫杉醇化疗敏感性的影响

目的:NDRG2是N-Myc downstream regulated gene家族的成员之一,与细胞增殖和分化相关.前期研究发现,抑制NDRG2表达可以提高宫颈癌Hela细胞对于顺铂的化疗敏感性,本研究采用RNA干扰技术抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞中NDRG2基因的表达研究其对Hela细胞紫杉醇化疗敏感性的影响.方法:利用化学合成的针对NDRG2特异性siRNA瞬时转染Hela细胞株,采用RT-PCR和Western Blot检测NDRG2 mRNA和蛋白表达情况,通过MTT法检测其与对照细胞在顺铂作用下的体外存活率差异.SPSSll.0统计包处理,采用t检验,P＜0.05为差异有统计学意义.结果:在mRNA和蛋白水平,化学合成的NDRG2特异性siRNA oligomer可使Hela细胞的NDRG2表达水平明显降低.在0.1、1、10、100、500、1000 μg/mL紫杉醇浓度组,Negative-control和NDRG2siRNA细胞的相应细胞存活率分别为97.21±2.38、90.09±2.42、83.35±3.86、62.93±3.75、18.22±5.46、1.14± 0.67和99.62±3.15、94.91±3.83、85.71±2.93、58.59± 3.36、17.99±3.40、0.73±0.34,组间比较P值均大于0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论:抑制NDRG2表达不影响宫颈癌Hela细胞在紫杉醇作用下的细胞存活率,不能提高其对紫杉醇的化疗敏感性.进一步拓展了对该基因的功能认知.     

活化的T细胞核内因子（NFAT）的调节及其在神经系统中的功能

活化的T细胞核内因子（nuclear factor of activated T-cells, NFAT）作为细胞信号转导通路中的一类重要的转录因子参与细胞功能的调节. NFAT的活化主要是通过细胞内钙/钙调神经磷酸酶（Ca2+/calcineurin）的刺激启动,它脱磷酸后发生核转位并与DNA的特定序列结合,同时通过与其它转录因子的协同作用,调节目的基因的特定表达. NFAT在免疫系统中所调节的基因表达已经得到了充分的研究. 近年实验研究发现,NFAT的转录因子家族在脊椎动物的神经系统中也发挥着非常重要的作用. 本文综述了NFAT家族蛋白的分类、结构、磷酸酶与激酶对其出入核的调节及在神经系统中的研究进展,使得能够更加全面地认识calcineurin/NFAT信号通路的作用. 此外,由于环孢菌素A（cyclosporin A）等药物在神经系统应用的局限性,对于NFAT调节深入研究,也将为筛选或者开发更为高效、低毒药物提供新的思路.     

NOR1基因转染对肝癌细胞HepG2基因表达谱的影响

NOR1基因是一在正常组织中广泛表达且在肿瘤组织中表达下调的新基因.为进一步研究NOR1基因的功能和寻找其下游基因,利用脂质体技术将NOR1基因转染进HepG2细胞,采用cDNA微阵列技术分析其基因表达谱的改变.试验表明NOR1基因的转染能使Grb2,HBP17,TNFRSF11B等59个基因上调,同时也下调Bik,MAp2K6,ZFP95等103个基因.随后用实时荧光定量PCR对cDNA 微阵列结果中上述3个上调表达基因进行验证,结果表明,基因表达差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),荧光定量PCR结果与微阵列结果相符.这些结果提示,NOR1基因对肝癌HepG2细胞的生物学行为的影响可能与它对细胞信号转导,细胞周期调控,转录、翻译调控相关基因的表达影响有关.     

Identification of differentially expressed genes contributing to radioresistance in lung cancer cells using microarray analysis

Radiotherapy has played a key role in the control of tumor growth in many cancer patients. It is usually difficult to determine what fraction of the tumor cell population is radioresistant after a course of radiotherapy. The response of tumor cells to radiation is believed to be accompanied by complex changes in the gene expression pattern. It may be possible to use these to sensitize radioresistant tumor cells and improve radiocurability. Based on the biological effects of ionizing radiation, in the present study, we developed one oligonucleotide microarray to analyze the expression of 143 genes in cells of two lung cancer cell lines with different radiosensitivities. Compared to NCI-H446 cells, expression of 18 genes significantly increased the basal levels in the radioresistant A549 cells, in which eight genes were up-regulated and 10 genes were down-regulated. In A549 cells irradiated with 5 Gy, 22 (19 up-regulated and three down-regulated) and 26 (eight up-regulated and 18 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes were found 6 and 24 h after irradiation, respectively. In NCI-H446 cells, the expression of 17 (nine up-regulated and eight down-regulated) and 18 (six up-regulated and 12 down-regulated) genes was altered 6 and 24 h after irradiation, respectively. RT-PCR was performed, and we found that MDM2, BCL2, PKCZ and PIM2 expression levels were increased in A549 cells and decreased in NCI-H446 cells after irradiation. Genes involved in DNA repair, such as XRCC5, ERCC5, ERCC1, RAD9A, ERCC4 and the gene encoding DNA-PK, were found to be increased to a higher level in A549 cells than in NCI-H446 cells. Antisense suppression of MDM2 resulted in increased radiosensitivity of A549 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the possibility that a group of genes involved in DNA repair, regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation and apoptosis is responsible for the different radioresistance of these two lung cancer cells. This list of genes may be useful in attempts to sensitize the radioresistant lung cancer cells.     

利用GenMAPP筛查鼻咽癌差异表达基因

利用GenMAPP软件对鼻咽癌和正常鼻咽上皮基因微阵列表达谱结果进行分析,筛查鼻咽癌差异表达基因. 结果显示：在17 000个基因中,与正常鼻咽上皮相比,在鼻咽癌中发生2倍以上差异表达的基因共有339个,其中有160个基因在鼻咽癌中表达上调,179个表达下调. 这些基因分别与细胞增殖、基因转录、凋亡、信号转导、DNA损伤修复、肿瘤分化和浸润转移及细胞周期调节等相关. 鼻咽癌的发生发展存在多基因表达调控的改变,对其差异表达基因的研究有助于阐明鼻咽癌发生发展机制.     

LncRNA linc00312 suppresses radiotherapy resistance by targeting DNA-PKcs and impairing DNA damage repair in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Radioresistance is the main obstacle in the clinical management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). linc00312 is deregulated in a number of human cancers, including NPC. However, the detailed functions and underlying mechanisms of linc00312 in regulating radiosensitivity of NPC remains unknown. In this study, cox regression analysis was used to assess the association between linc00312 and NPC patients’ survival after radiotherapy. Our results reveal that linc00312 is significantly down-regulated in NPC tissues and patients with higher expression of linc00312 are significantly associated with longer overall survival and better short-term radiotherapy efficacy. Overexpression of linc00312 could increase the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation, as indicated by clonogenic survival assay, comet assay, and flow cytometry. Mechanistically, RNA pull down and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to investigate the binding proteins of linc00312. linc00312 directly binds to DNA-PKcs, hinders the recruitment of DNA-PKcs to Ku80, and inhibits phosphorylation of AKT–DNA–PKcs axis, therefore inhibiting the DNA damage signal sensation and transduction in the NHEJ repair pathway. In addition, linc00312 impairs DNA repair and cell cycle control by suppressing MRN–ATM–CHK2 signal and ATR–CHK1 signal. In summary, we identified DNA-PKcs as the binding protein of linc00312 and revealed a novel mechanism of linc00312 in the DNA damage response, providing evidence for a potential therapeutic strategy in NPC.Subject terms: Head and neck cancer, Non-homologous-end joining, Long non-coding RNAs, Prognostic markers     

Differential expression of signaling pathways in odontogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells isolated from the first branchial arch

The aim of this study was to screen for differential expression of signaling pathways in odontogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells isolated from the first branchial arch of embryonic day 10 (E10) mice by real time RT-PCR microarray. Observations of cellular morphology, immunocytochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to identify the cell source. A real time RT-PCR microarray was then used to detect the differential expression of signaling pathways in cells dissected from animals at two different developmental stages. These assays identified 25 up-regulated genes and 16 down-regulated genes involved in odontogenic differentiation of the ectomesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch. They represented the main members of Wnt, Hedgehog, TGF-β, NF-κB, and LDL signaling pathways. This study determined that these signaling pathways are important for odontogenic differentiation of ectomesenchymal cells of the first branchial arch.