依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗急性脑出血

目的:探讨依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗急性脑出血(Acute cerebral hemorrhage,ACH)对患者炎性因子、血管内皮功能及氧化应激水平的影响。方法:回顾性分析96例ACH患者,依据治疗方法将其分为对照组(n=46)和观察组(n=50)。对照组患者在常规治疗基础上给予依达拉奉治疗,观察组患者在对照组的基础上给予醒脑静治疗,两组患者均连续治疗14 d。比较两组的总有效率,NIHSS评分以及治疗前后的炎性因子(TNF-α、IL-6和hs-CRP)、血管内皮功能(NO和ET-1)及氧化应激(SOD和MDA)水平。结果:与对照组相比,观察组的总有效率显著升高,治疗后的NIHSS评分显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与同组内治疗前相比治疗后两组患者的TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP、NO、ET-1和MDA水平均显著下降,且治疗后观察组各指标水平显著低于对照组治疗后(P0.05);两组的SOD较同组内治疗前均显著升高,且观察组水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:依达拉奉联合醒脑静治疗ACH,可有效改善患者的NIHSS评分、降低患者的炎性因子水平,改善血管内皮功能及氧化应激水平,临床疗效显著,具有一定的临床价值,值得推广。     

阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀治疗冠心病的临床疗效及其可能机制。方法:按照抽签法将170例冠心病患者分为对照组(n=85)及研究组(n=85),对照组予以常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上使用阿托伐他汀治疗,比较两组治疗前后血清炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、C反应蛋白(CRP)]水平、氧化应激水平[血清丙二醇(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平]、血管内皮功能[血清一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)水平]、血脂水平及心功能的变化。结果:治疗后,研究组患者血清TNF-α、MMP-9、CRP、MDA、ET-1、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室收缩末期内径(LVESD)水平均显著低于对照组,而血清SOD、NO、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀可显著提高冠心病患者的心功能,可能与其有效抑制炎症、氧化应激和降低血脂水平有关。     

丹参治疗冠心病的疗效及对患者载脂蛋白、内皮功能及炎症氧化指标的影响

为了探讨复方丹参治疗冠心病患者的临床效果及对载脂蛋白、内皮功能及炎症氧化指标的影响,本研究选取了我院收治的冠心病患者120例,收集时间2016年1月至2016年6月,采用随机法将患者分为两组,其中对照组和研究组各60例,两组患者在研究前均采用降血脂药物、抗血小板药物、硝酸酯类药物等基础治疗措施,研究组同时加用复方丹参治疗,疗程12周。治疗前,两组患者的炎症指标血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、ICAM-1和载脂蛋白指标Apo A1、Apo B水平差异均无统计学意义(p0.05);治疗后,研究组患者的血清CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、ICAM-1、Apo A1、Apo B水平均显著的低于对照组(p0.05);治疗前,两组患者的内皮功能氧化指标MDA、SOD、ET-1、NO水平差异无统计学意义(p0.05);治疗后,研究组患者的MDA、ET-1水平均显著的低于对照组(p0.05),研究组的NO、SOD水平显著的高于对照组(p0.05);治疗后,研究组患者显效65%、有效33.33%、无效1.67%,对照组显效46.67%、有效48.33%、无效5%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(p0.05)。本研究表明复方丹参治疗冠心病患者能降低患者的载脂蛋白及炎症反应水平、减轻内皮损伤及氧化应激损伤、对提高临床疗效有帮助。     

兰索拉唑与奥美拉唑对胃溃疡患者氧化应激水平和内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨兰索拉唑(LAN)与奥美拉唑(OME)治疗胃溃疡的临床效果及对患者血浆氧化应激水平和血管内皮功能的影响。方法:选取我院2014年1月~2016年10月收治的138例胃溃疡患者,按照随机数字表法均分为LAN组和OME组,并选取我院同期69例健康体检者为对照组。对照组不用任何药物,LAN组予以LAN治疗,OME组给予OME治疗。记录比较LAN组和OME组的临床疗效、Hp根除率及胃镜疗效;对照组与LAN组、OME组两组治疗前后血浆氧化应激指标、血管内皮功能指标水平;并评价LAN组与OME组的用药安全性。结果:总疗程结束后,LAN组总有效率、Hp根除率分别为94.2%、89.9%,较OME组(91.3%、87.0%)相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经4个疗程后,LAN组胃镜总有效率为95.7%,明显高于OME组的85.5%(P0.05)。与对照组相比,LAN组、OME组治疗前血浆MDA、ET-1水平均显著上升(P0.01),SOD、NO水平均显著降低(P0.01)。与本组治疗前对比,LAN组、OME组治疗后血浆MDA、SOD、NO及ET-1水平均显著改善(P0.01),且LAN组治疗后各血浆因子水平改善效果均显著优于OME组(P0.01)。结论:LAN治疗胃溃疡改善患者临床症状、根除Hp的效果及安全性与OME相当,但LAN更能有效降低机体的氧化应激水平,调节血管内皮功能,促进溃疡愈合。     

老年代谢综合征患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度与血管内皮功能及血管粘附因子-1的相关性

目的:探讨老年代谢综合征(MS)患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)与血管内皮功能及血管粘附因子-1(VCAM-1)的相关性。方法:选取2013年1月~2014年10月我院收治的50例MS患者分为老年组(n=25)和中青年组(n=25),又根据IMT分为正常组和增厚组两个亚组。比较老年组和中青年组患者的临床资料,采用放射免疫分析法检测所有患者内皮素-1(ET-1)水平,采用分光光度计间接比色法检测一氧化氮(NO)水平,采用ELISA法检测VCAM-1水平,采用超声诊断仪检测IMT。结果:老年MS组和中青年MS组临床资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);MS患者IMT增厚组的NO水平均低于IMT正常组,而ET-1和VCAM-1水平均高于IMT正常组,比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。IMT增厚组间比较,老年MS组的NO水平低于中青年MS组,VCAM-1水平高于中青年MS组,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);老年MS组和中青年MS组的IMT与NO水平呈负相关(r=-0.415,-0.411;P=0.043,0.049),与ET-1和VCAM-1水平呈正相关(r=0.585,0.576;P=0.030,0.036;r=0.547,0.552;P=0.033,0.031)。结论:血管内皮功能障碍和动脉粥样硬化等多重因素促进了MS患者IMT增厚中病理过程的发生和发展。     

丹红注射液辅助西药对脑血栓患者氧化应激及血管内皮功能的影响

摘要 目的：研究丹红注射液辅助西药对脑血栓患者氧化应激及血管内皮功能的影响。方法：选择2018年1月～2019年12月于我院诊治的90例脑血栓患者,根据治疗方法将其分为两组。对照组西药治疗,给予前列地尔注射液、依达拉奉注射液和阿司匹林肠溶片;观察组在对照组治疗基础上,联用丹红注射液,两组均治疗14 d。比较两组的髓过氧化物酶（Myeloperoxidase, MPO）、超氧化歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase, SOD）、脂质过氧化物（Lipid peroxide, LPO）、丙二醛（Malondialdehyde, MDA）、D 二聚体(D-Dimer, DD）及超敏C反应蛋白(High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs- CRP ）水平,一氧化氮（Nitric oxide,NO）和内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）水平及认知功能评分。结果：观察组脑血栓患者的有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05）;治疗后,两组血清SOD、NO水平均明显升高(P<0.05）,MPO、MDA、LPO、D-D、hs- CRP和ET-1水平均明显降低(P<0.05）,且观察组上述指标的变化水平明显优于对照组(P<0.05）;治疗后,两组的NIHSS评分明显降低(P<0.05）,且观察组更低(P<0.05）。结论：丹红注射液辅助西药能改善脑血栓的神经功能和血管内皮功能,提高疗效,减轻患者的神经功能缺损程度,其作用机制可能与抗自由基、减轻炎症反应和抑制脂质过氧化反应等有关。     

兰索拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗活动期胃溃疡的效果及对血清抗氧化因子的影响

目的:观察和比较兰索拉唑与奥美拉唑治疗活动期胃溃疡的临床效果及其对患者血清抗氧化因子水平的影响。方法:选取2016年1月至2017年1月我院收治的活动期胃溃疡患者88例,将其随机分成研究组和对照组,每组各44例。对照组给予奥美拉唑于睡前口服治疗,一次20mg,每日1次。研究组给予兰索拉唑于睡前口服治疗,一次30mg,每日1次。两组患者均以7d为一个疗程,连续治疗8个疗程。比较两组患者的临床总有效率和治疗前后血清超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(Methylene dioxyamphetamine,MDA)、内皮素-1(Endothelin-1,ET-1)和一氧化氮(Nitric oxide,NO)水平的变化。结果:(1)研究组治疗总有效率为97.73%,对照组治疗总有效率为79.55%,研究组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);(2)治疗前,两组患者血清SOD、MDA、ET-1和NO水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),研究组患者治疗后血清MDA、ET-1水平均明显低于对照组,血清SOD、NO水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:兰索拉唑治疗活动期胃溃疡的临床效果明显优于奥美拉唑,可能与其显著提高患者血清SOD、NO水平及降低血清MDA、ET-1水平有关。     

2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者血糖波动对体内氧化应激及炎症因子水平的影响及意义

目的:探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并急性脑梗死(ACI)患者血糖波动对体内氧化应激及炎症因子水平的影响及意义。方法:选取2014年3月到2017年1月第四军医大学唐都医院收治的T2DM合并ACI患者100纳入观察组,另选取同期在医院接受治疗的单纯T2DM患者82例作为对照组,比较两组患者的血糖水平标准差(SDBG)、日内平均血糖波动幅度(MAGE)、日间血糖波动幅度(MODD)、平均餐后血糖波动幅度(MPPGE)、丙二醛(MDA)、尿8-异前列腺素F_(2α)(8-iso-PGF_(2α))、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP),并采用Spearman相关分析分析MAGE与MDA、8-iso-PGF_(2α)、hs-CRP、TNF-α的相关性。结果:观察组的SDBG、MAGE、MPPGE、MDA、8-iso-PGF_(2α)、hs-CRP、TNF-α均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组的MODD比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Spearman相关分析,MAGE与MDA、8-iso-PGF_(2α)、hs-CRP、TNF-α均呈正相关(r=0.657,0.732,0.724,0.538,P=0.013,0.009,0.010,0.021)。结论:与单纯T2DM患者相比,T2DM合并ACI患者存在较大的血糖波动,同时MAGE与患者体内的氧化应激及炎症因子水平呈正相关,临床上可通过控制血糖波动来降低患者的氧化应激反应程度及炎症因子水平,以改善患者的病情。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征患者经PCI术后血清炎症因子水平和内皮功能的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量阿托伐他汀对老年急性冠脉综合征患者经PCI(经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,percutaneous coronary intervention)术后血脂、血清炎症因子水平及血管内皮功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月至2017年4月我院收治的老年急性冠脉综合征患者80例,依据随机数据表法分为观察组和对照组,每组40例。对照组给予小剂量阿托伐他汀(20 mg/d)治疗,观察组给予大剂量阿托伐他汀(40 mg/d)治疗。比较两组治疗前后总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein,HDL-C)、超敏C反应蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、白介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)及内皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、NO及ET-1水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组血清TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及ET-1水平与本组治疗前相比均显著性降低,且观察组治疗后血清TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α及ET-1的水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05);两组血清HDL-C、NO水平与治疗前相比均显著性升高(P0.05),且观察组治疗后的血清HDL-C、NO水平显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀用于经PCI术治疗的老年ACS患者可显著减轻再灌注后的炎症反应,降低血脂水平并改善内皮功能,且大剂量阿托伐他汀的治疗效果明显优于小剂量治疗。     

阿司匹林联合神经节苷脂治疗脑梗塞的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨阿司匹林联合神经节苷脂治疗脑梗塞的临床疗效及可能机制。方法:选择我院2015年5月到2018年3月接诊的90例脑梗塞患者,依照抽签法将其分为实验组和对照组,每组45例。两组患者均给予常规支持治疗,对照组在此基础上给予阿司匹林治疗,实验组在对照组的基础上给予单唾液酸四己糖神经节苷脂(Monosialyl tetrahexose ganglioside, GM1)治疗。据患者美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS)和Barthel指数评分的改善情况,比较两组的疗效,以及治疗前后血清过氧化脂质(lipid peroxide, LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide, NO)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,实验组有效率为96.86%,显著高于对照组(78.13%,P<0.05)。两组治疗后血清SOD水平及Barthel指数均较治疗前显著上升,而血清LPO、MDA、NO水平及NIHSS评分均较治疗前显著下降,实验组血清SOD水平及Barthel指数显著高于对照组,血清LPO、MDA、NO水平及NIHSS评分均明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:阿司匹林联合GM1能提高脑梗塞的疗效,可能与有效提高血清SOD水平及降低LPO、MDA、NO水平有关。     

枇杷花茶水提物的镇咳、抗炎与抗氧化作用研究

采用小鼠氨水致咳法研究枇杷花茶水提物镇咳效果,以二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法研究其抗炎效果,并从枇杷花茶的还原能力及对超氧阴离子和羟自由基的清除作用分析枇杷花茶水提物的抗氧化效果。结果表明,枇杷花茶的水提物高剂量组(3000 mg·kg-1)、低剂量组(700 mg·kg-1)均有镇咳抗炎效果,水提物的浓度越高,效果越好。各浓度枇杷花茶水提物均表现出一定的还原能力,对于羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都有一定的清除效果。其中,20 mg·mL-1水提物还原效果最好(吸光值0.903),超过0.2 mg·mL-1抗坏血酸(吸光值0.814);10 mg·mL-1的水提物对超氧阴离子的清除率为47.32%;20 mg·mL-1水提物对于羟基自由基的清除效果非常明显,清除率为91.62%。枇杷花茶水提物镇咳、抗炎、抗氧化效果明显。     

基因功能研究方法的新进展

随着生命科学的发展,研究领域的不断开拓,越来越多的未知新基因和基因的新功能被科学家们发现,研究这些未知新基因的功能和已知基因的新功能成为了极其重要的一项内容。本文对基因功能研究的最新方法进行了介绍。     

Nonparametric Tests for Interval‐Censored Failure Time Data

This paper discusses two sample nonparametric comparison of survival functions when only interval‐censored failure time data are available. The problem considered often occurs in, for example, biological and medical studies such as medical follow‐up studies and clinical trials. For the problem, we present and study several nonparametric test procedures that include methods based on both absolute and squared survival differences as well as simple survival differences. The presented tests provide alternatives to existing methods, most of which are rank‐based tests and not sensitive to nonproportional or nonmonotone alternatives. Simulation studies are performed to evaluate and compare the proposed methods with existing methods and suggest that the proposed tests work well for nonmonotone alternatives as well as monotone alternatives. An illustrative example is presented.     

Flavonoids and cognitive function: a review of human randomized controlled trial studies and recommendations for future studies

Evidence in support of the neuroprotective effects of flavonoids has increased significantly in recent years, although to date much of this evidence has emerged from animal rather than human studies. Nonetheless, with a view to making recommendations for future good practice, we review 15 existing human dietary intervention studies that have examined the effects of particular types of flavonoid on cognitive performance. The studies employed a total of 55 different cognitive tests covering a broad range of cognitive domains. Most studies incorporated at least one measure of executive function/working memory, with nine reporting significant improvements in performance as a function of flavonoid supplementation compared to a control group. However, some domains were overlooked completely (e.g. implicit memory, prospective memory), and for the most part there was little consistency in terms of the particular cognitive tests used making across study comparisons difficult. Furthermore, there was some confusion concerning what aspects of cognitive function particular tests were actually measuring. Overall, while initial results are encouraging, future studies need to pay careful attention when selecting cognitive measures, especially in terms of ensuring that tasks are actually sensitive enough to detect treatment effects.     

Haemodynamics using transthoracic echocardiography in healthy pregnant and non-pregnant baboons (Papio hamadryas)

Background To determine systolic and diastolic function using transthoracic echocardiography in the baboon (Papio hamadryas). Methods Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in eight non‐pregnant female and six pregnant baboons according to American Society of Echocardiography recommendations. Results Haemodynamic measurements were obtained from fourteen baboons. Compared to non‐pregnant baboons, pregnant baboons demonstrated: (mean ± SD, pregnant vs. healthy) increased cardiac output (1615 ± 121 ml/minutes vs. 1317 ± 134 ml/minutes P = 0.001) due to an increased heart rate [120 ± 11 beats per minute (BPM) vs. 105 ± 6 BPM P = 0.018]. The inter‐observer and intra‐observer variability (mean difference ± SD) for the left ventricular outflow tract diameter was 0.05 ± 0.07 cm and 0.01 ± 0.03 cm respectively. There was minimal impact to the animal’s daily activities. Conclusions Transthoracic echocardiography was applicable and reproducible for the assessment of haemodynamics in baboons thus enabling translation of animal results to human studies.     

Quantifying protein function specificity in the gene ontology

Quantitative or numerical metrics of protein function specificity made possible by the Gene Ontology are useful in that they enable development of distance or similarity measures between protein functions. Here we describe how to calculate four measures of function specificity for GO terms: 1) number of ancestor terms; 2) number of offspring terms; 3) proportion of terms; and 4) Information Content (IC). We discuss the relationship between the metrics and the strengths and weaknesses of each.     

Enamel microstructure and molar wear in the greater galago,Otolemur crassicaudatus (mammalia,primates)

This study describes the molar enamel microstructure of the greater galago, based on SEM study of four individuals. Galago molar enamel consists primarily of radially oriented Pattern 1 prisms. However, the most superficial enamel is characterized by regions of poorly developed prisms or nonprismatic enamel, and Pattern 3 prisms can be found at depths intermediate and deep to the enamel surface. Orientations of prism long axes relative to wear surfaces differ among functionally distinct regions (cuspal facets, Phase I/II facets, and crushing basins). Consequently, orientations of enamel crystallites relative to these surfaces also differ. Because crystallites are the structural unit involved in enamel abrasion, these differences in orientation may have important effects on molar wear patterns. Crystallite orientations differ most between cuspal facets and Phase I/II facet surfaces. Cuspal facets are characterized by near surface-parallel interprismatic and surface-oblique prismatic crystallites. Previous experimental studies suggest that this arrangement is most resistant to wear when surface-normal (compressive) loads predominate. In contrast, prismatic and interprismatic crystallites intercept Phase I/II facet surfaces obliquely, an arrangement expected to resist abrasion when surface-parallel (shearing) loads predominate. Superficial enamel is preserved at most basin surfaces, indicating that these regions are subject to comparatively little abrasive wear. These results support the hypothesis that galago occlusal enamel is organized so as to resist abrasion of different functional regions, a property that may prove important in maintaining functional efficiency. However, this largely reflects constraints of occlusal topography on a microstructure typical of many mammals and thus does not appear to represent a structural innovation. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.