综合护理对糖尿病足患者心理状态与生活质量的影响

目的：探讨综合护理对糖尿病足患者心理状态与生活质量的影响。方法：选取52例糖尿病足患者,随机分为照组和试验组,各26例,对照组给予常规护理,试验组采用综合护理进行干预。采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）评价两纽患者心理状态,并用社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）和2型糖尿病生活质量量表（DMQI_,s）对两组患者生活质量进行评价。结果：两组患者干预前SAS、SDS、SDSS、DMQLS评分无差异,实施干预后,两组患者均有SAS、SDS、SDSS评分下降、DMQLS评分升高,但试验组患者SAS、SDS、SDSS评分下降及DMQLS评分升高更明显,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：综合护理有助于改善糖尿病足患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高生活质量。     

运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者抑郁状态的效果观察

目的:探讨运动疗法对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者抑郁状态的临床效果。方法:选取52例COPD患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,各26例。对照组给予支气管扩张、健康教育、氧疗,试验组在对照组的基础上实施运动疗法,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、ADL生活质量量表对两组患者治疗前后进行评估。结果:对照组患者SAS、SDS评分治疗前后无明显变化,试验患者SAS、SDS评分均明显低于治疗前(P0.05),两组治疗后组间比较,差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组生活质量的改善优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:运动疗法能有效的改善COPD患者焦虑、抑郁负性情绪,提高患者的生存质量。     

心理护理对恶性肿瘤患者抑郁焦虑的影响

目的:探讨恶性肿瘤住院患者焦虑抑郁情绪的相关因素及心理护理干预对其的影响。方法:对158例恶性肿瘤住院患者(肿瘤组)及170例良性疾病住院患者(良性组)进行焦虑、抑郁自评(应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS))及他评(应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分调查及统计分析;将肿瘤组患者随机分为常规护理组(对照组)、常规护理 心理护理组(护理组),通过心理护理干预,观察两组SAS、SDS、HAMD、HAMA评分变化。结果恶性肿瘤住院患者焦虑、抑郁程度明显高于良性疾病患者,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。在接受心理护理干预后,患者的焦虑抑郁评分及发生率较干预前明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:恶性肿瘤患者焦虑和抑郁情绪程度及发生率高于良性疾病患者;心理护理干预可改善恶性肿瘤住院患者焦虑、抑郁情绪,有利于提高患者的生活质量及康复。     

心理干预对老年前列腺癌去势患者术后心理状态的影响

目的:探讨围术期心理干预对老年前列腺癌去势患者心理状况及生活质量的影响。方法:选取2012年6月-2015年1月在我院接受手术治疗的老年前列腺癌患者150例,根据围术期干预方法的不同将所选患者分为研究组和对照组,每组75例。对照组患者给予常规护理干预,研究组在对照组基础上给予心理干预。分别于干预前后应用生活质量核心问卷(QLQ-C30)评价患者生活质量,应用焦虑自评量表(SAS)评价患者焦虑情况,应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价患者抑郁情况。结果:干预前,两组患者QLQ-C30、SAS和SDS评分比较均无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,两组患者QLQ-C30、SAS和SDS评分均显著优于干预前,组内比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);干预后,研究组QLQ-C30、SAS和SDS评分优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:围术期心理干预对老年前列腺癌去势患者具有较好的干预效果,能够显著改善患者的心理状态,提高术后生活质量。     

心理干预对高血压合并脑梗塞患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响

目的:探讨心理干预措施对高血压合并脑梗塞患者负性情绪及生活质量的影响。方法:本次选择的研究对象共92例,均为住院的高血压合并脑梗塞患者,采用简单随机分组方法,分为干预组和对照组,每组46例。对照组给予常规治疗及护理,干预组在对照组的基础上给予心理干预。在入组时、入组后1个月采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、症状自评量表(SCL一90)作为测评工具,测评两组患者干预前后负性情绪和生活质量情况。结果:入组时两组患者的SDS评分、SAS评分及SCL-90各项分值比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预治疗1个月后干预组较对照组患者的SDS评分、SAS评分及SCL-90各项分值均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:心理干预不仅能缓解患者抑郁焦虑等负性情绪,而且有利于患者生活质量的提高。     

护理干预对急性心肌梗死患者心绞痛发生率与不良情绪的影响

目的:探讨护理干预对急性心肌梗死患者心绞痛发生率与不良情绪的影响。方法:选取我院2011年6月-2013年6月间收治的急性心肌梗死患者96例,随机分为实验组与对照组。对照组48例患者给予常规护理措施,实验组48例患者均给予个体化护理干预。分别于干预前后采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对患者评分,对比两组患者的心绞痛发生率。结果:两组患者干预后SAS、SDS评分均显著低于干预前评分,干预前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组干预后SAS、SDS评分显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);实验组患者发生心绞痛14例(29.17%),对照组29例(60.42%),实验组心绞痛发生率显著低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:个性化的护理干预可有效缓解急性心肌梗死患者焦虑及抑郁情绪,大幅度地降低心绞痛的发生率,对提高患者的的生活质量起积极作用。     

不同护理模式在妊娠期高血压患者中的应用效果比较

目的观察不同护理模式对妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)患者的临床效果。方法选取临床上明确诊断为HDCP的患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例,对照组采用常规护理模式,观察组在常规护理模式的基础上给予细致化护理模式,分别采用自我效能感(CBSEI)量表、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对HDCP患者护理前后进行评分,分析比较两组患者护理前后自我效能感评分、SAS评分、SDS评分情况。结果两组患者护理前的自我效能感、SAS评分、SDS评分等方面差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。护理后两组患者自我效能感评分明显升高,SAS评分、SDS评分均明显降低,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。而且护理后,观察组自我效能感明显高于对照组,SAS评分、SDS评分均较对照组明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论细致化护理能显著提高HDCP患者的自我效能感、降低HDCP患者的SAS评分、SDS评分,缓解焦虑、抑郁情绪,值得临床推广应用。     

围手术麻醉期患者睡眠质量与心理健康状态的相关性分析

目的:了解围手术麻醉期患者的睡眠质量与心理健康状态的关系。方法:对50例备行手术麻醉患者(试验组)及40名正常人(对照组)行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI)评定、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量(SAS)评定,对上述量表结果进行分析。结果:试验组睡眠紊乱率、焦虑及抑郁发生率分别为:26%、24%及56%,两组PSQI、SAS及SDS评分异常率比较P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。两组患者的PSQI总分、PSQI子项目睡眠效率及睡眠障碍、SDS标准分、SDS 4个子项目精神性情感症状、躯体性障碍、精神运动性障碍、抑郁的心理障碍和SAS标准分比较P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。相关性分析显示睡眠质量评分与心理健康状态评分呈负性相关。结论:围手术麻醉期患者存在焦虑抑郁躯体化情绪心理障碍及睡眠紊乱。围手术麻醉期患者睡眠质量评分与心理健康状态评分有关。     

心理干预对肿瘤患者围术期焦虑及抑郁的影响

目的:探讨心理干预对围术期肿瘤患者焦虑及抑郁的影响。方法:选取2013年6月到2014年6月在我院接受手术治疗的肿瘤患者300例,随机分为研究组和对照组,对照组150例患者给予常规基础护理,研究组患者在常规护理的基础上给予心理干预。观察并比较两组患者干预前后的心率和血压变化情况。采用抑郁自评量表(Self-rating depression scale,SDS)和焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)对患者的心理状况进行评价。结果:干预前,两组患者的心率、血压、SDS及SAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05);干预后,研究组患者的心率、血压、SDS及SAS评分显著优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:心理干预能显著减轻肿瘤患者围术期焦虑及抑郁状况,有利于维持患者血压和心率稳定。     

分散注意对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术前患者心理状态的影响

目的：探讨分散注意对预行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者心理状态的影响。方法i选取64例预行PCI的冠心病患者,随机分为对照组和试验组,各32例。对照组采用常规护理,试验组在对照组的基础上采用分散注意进行护理干预,采用Zung焦虑自评量表（sAs）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）对两组患者术前3d和术前1～3h的心理状况进行调查,静脉采血测定去甲肾上腺素（NE）、皮质醇（COS）浓度。结果：两组干预前SAS、SDS评分及血浆NE、COS水平比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;实施干预后,两组患者SAS评分、SDS评分及血浆NE、COS水平均有所下降,与干预前比较差异显著（P〈0．01）,试验组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．01）。结论：分散注意能有效的减轻PCI术前患者的焦虑等负性情绪,利于患者治疗及术后恢复。     

心脑血管疾病大额住院消费统计分析

通过对医院2004-2006年心脑血管疾病大额住院消费(消费大于50000元,以下简称大额消费)病例发病率高的前五种疾病的构成情况、药费、材料费消耗情况进行分析,认为加强大额病例中发病率高的病种的重点管理,是降低医疗费用的有效途径。建议制定常见病大额病种预定额付费方案和审查报销制度;采用适宜技术;控制药费,防止过度医疗,有效地遏制医疗费用的过快增长。     

Evidence that the C-terminus of OprM is involved in the assembly of the VceAB-OprM efflux pump

Although the architecture of tripartite multiple drug resistance (MDR) efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria has been well characterized, the means by which the components recognize each other and assemble into a functional pump remains obscure. In this study we present evidence that the C-terminal domain of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa OprM and the α-helical hairpin domain of Vibrio cholerae VceA play an important role in the recognition/specificity/recruitment step in the assembly of a functional, VceAB-OprM chimeric efflux pump. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence directly linking the C-terminal domain of an outer membrane efflux protein to its recruitment during the assembly of a tripartite efflux pump.     

两个猪苓菌株生长速度及酯酶同工酶比较研究

对不同地理分布的猪苓纯培养菌株进行了种性和酯酶同工酶的比较研究,结果表明,鸡爪苓（Z）纯培养菌株和猪屎苓（ZJ）纯培养菌株的种性有很大不同,两个纯培养菌株的酯酶同工酶酶带类型差异较大,亲缘关系较远。     

Synthesis of modified fragments of fibrinogen and their effect on the activity of proteolytic enzymes

New analogues of the Gly-Pro-Arg and Arg-Gly-Asp fragments of fibrinogen were synthesized: Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro (I), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Met-OMe (II), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Phe (III), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Asp (IV), Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-Glu (V), and Arg-Asn-Trp-Asp (VI). Their effect on the activity of proteases of various types was studied with the method of lysis of fibrin plates. All the peptides were found to inhibit plasmin activity (by 60–85%) and the γ-subunit of nerve growth factor (by 55–93%). Tetrapeptide (VI) proved to be an effective inhibitor of tissue activator of plasminogen and the γ-subunit of nerve growth factor (by 96 and 93%, respectively). The peptides exerted practically no effect on the activity of urokinase and moderately inhibited the activity of streptokinase [(III), IV), and (VI)], papain [(I), (II), IV), and (VI)], subtilisin [(V) and (VI)], α-chymotrypsin [(III), (V), and VI)], and Bacillus subtilis metalloprotease (VI). They inhibit trypsin [except for (I) and (III)] when applied on fibrin plates at a concentration of 1 × 10^?2 M, while, at the concentration of 1 × 10^?3 M, (I) and (II) induced an increase in proteolytic activity by 35 and 47%, respectively.     

Studies on the energy coupling sites of photophosphorylation IV. The relation of proton fluxes to the electron transport and ATP formation associated with Photosystem II

1. By using dibromothymoquinone as the electron acceptor, it is possible to isolate functionally that segment of the chloroplast electron transport chain which includes only Photosystem II and only one of the two energy conservation sites coupled to the complete chain (Coupling Site II, observed P/e₂ = 0.3–0.4). A light-dependent, reversible proton translocation reaction is associated with the electron transport pathway: H₂O → Photosystem II → dibromothymoquinone. We have studied the characteristics of this proton uptake reaction and its relationship to the electron transport and ATP formation associated with Coupling Site II.

2. The initial phase of H⁺ uptake, analyzed by a flash-yield technique, exhibits linear kinetics (0–3 s) with no sign of transient phenomena such as the very rapid initial uptake (“pH gush”) encountered in the overall Hill reaction with methylviologen. Thus the initial rate of H⁺ uptake obtained by the flash-yield method is in good agreement with the initial rate estimated from a pH change tracing obtained under continuous illumination.

3. Dibromothymoquinone reduction, observed as O₂ evolution by a similar flash-yield technique, is also linear for at least the first 5 s, the rate of O₂ evolution agreeing well with the steady-state rate observed under continuous illumination.

4. Such measurements of the initial rates of O₂ evolution and H⁺ uptake yield an H⁺/e⁻ ratio close to 0.5 for the Photosystem II partial reaction regardless of pH from 6 to 8. (Parallel experiments for the methylviologen Hill reaction yield an H⁺/e⁻ ratio of 1.7 at pH 7.6.)

5. When dibromothymoquinone is being reduced, concurrent phosphorylation (or arsenylation) markedly lowers the extent of H⁺ uptake (by 40–60%). These data, unlike earlier data obtained using the overall Hill reaction, lend themselves to an unequivocal interpretation since phosphorylation does not alter the rate of electron transport in the Photosystem II partial reaction. ADP, P_i and hexokinase, when added individually, have no effect on proton uptake in this system.

6. The involvement of a proton uptake reaction with an H⁺/e⁻ ratio of 0.5 in the Photosystem II partial reaction H₂O → Photosystem II → dibromothymoquinone strongly suggests that at least 50% of the protons produced by the oxidation of water are released to the inside of the thylakoid, thereby leading to an internal acidification. It is pointed out that the observed efficiencies for ATP formation (P/e₂) and proton uptake (H⁺/e⁻) associated with Coupling Site II can be most easily explained by the chemiosmotic hypothesis of energy coupling.     

林带阻力系数与透风系数关系的理论分析

根据冲量定理分析了林带对气流的阻力,首次得到了林带阻力系数的估算模式（Ｃｄ＝（１．８＋０．２α）（１－α）ｓｉｎ２ω,并利用有关文献发表的资料进行了验证．文章还对来流平行林带时林带对气流的阻力进行了讨论,指出来流平行林带时林带对气流的阻力仅为来流垂直林带时林带对气流阻力的０．７—１．１％,可以不予考虑．     

2种嵩草属植物形态特征对生境干旱化的响应

该研究于西藏自治区东南部的东达山高山草甸沿生境干旱化梯度设置10个样地,采用线性回归方法分析优势种高山嵩草(Kobresia pygmaea)和矮生嵩草(K.humilis)叶片数量与其它构件数值(分株数量、茎基直径、根系数量和根系长度)之间的关系,并采用线性回归斜率测度分株功效、叶片萌生能力、根系分生功效和根系伸长功效,以探讨嵩草的分株能力、茎基生长和根系生长对生境干旱化过程的响应机制。结果显示:(1)2种嵩草植物的叶片数量与4种构件数值均为显著线性正相关关系。(2)随着生境干旱化程度增加,高山嵩草分株数量增加,矮生嵩草分株受干旱抑制程度高,分株数量呈下降趋势;2种嵩草分株功效下降,即单株叶片数量因干旱化程度增加而减少。(3)2种嵩草的茎基直径、叶片萌生能力随着生境干旱化程度增加而下降;高山嵩草叶片萌生能力的变化与生境干旱化梯度一致,具有连续性;矮生嵩草叶片萌生能力对生境干旱化的适应性弱,干旱到一定程度发生骤降。(4)随着生境干旱化,高山嵩草的根系数量和长度均增加,矮生嵩草根系长度增加,但数量却无规律变化;2种嵩草的根系分生功效和根系伸长功效均下降。研究表明:嵩草属植物分布的最适宜生境为表面稍有积水的沼生生境。为适应生境干旱化,高山嵩草降低叶片萌生率以减少蒸腾作用,增加分株数量以增强对空间的占有能力,并增加根系数量和长度来提高对土壤水分的吸收能力,因此对干旱有较强适应性且分布范围广;矮生嵩草只通过降低叶片萌生率,增加根系长度响应干旱化生境,其分布范围较窄。     

Photoinactivation of Photosystem II in leaves

Photoinactivation of Photosystem II (PS II), the light-induced loss of ability to evolve oxygen, inevitably occurs under any light environment in nature, counteracted by repair. Under certain conditions, the extent of photoinactivation of PS II depends on the photon exposure (light dosage, x), rather than the irradiance or duration of illumination per se, thus obeying the law of reciprocity of irradiance and duration of illumination, namely, that equal photon exposure produces an equal effect. If the probability of photoinactivation (p) of PS II is directly proportional to an increment in photon exposure (p = kΔx, where k is the probability per unit photon exposure), it can be deduced that the number of active PS II complexes decreases exponentially as a function of photon exposure: N = N_oexp(−kx). Further, since a photon exposure is usually achieved by varying the illumination time (t) at constant irradiance (I), N = N_oexp(−kI t), i.e., N decreases exponentially with time, with a rate coefficient of photoinactivation kI, where the product kI is obviously directly proportional to I. Given that N = N_oexp(−kx), the quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II can be defined as −dN/dx = kN, which varies with the number of active PS II complexes remaining. Typically, the quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II is ca. 0.1μmol PS II per mol photons at low photon exposure when repair is inhibited. That is, when about 10⁷ photons have been received by leaf tissue, one PS II complex is inactivated. Some species such as grapevine have a much lower quantum yield of photoinactivation of PS II, even at a chilling temperature. Examination of the longer-term time course of photoinactivation of PS II in capsicum leaves reveals that the decrease in N deviates from a single-exponential decay when the majority of the PS II complexes are inactivated in the absence of repair. This can be attributed to the formation of strong quenchers in severely-photoinactivated PS II complexes, able to dissipate excitation energy efficiently and to protect the remaining active neighbours against damage by light.     

The detection of salivary enzymes of phytophagous Hemiptera: a compilation of methods

The role of Hemipteran saliva and salivary enzymes is central to an understanding of the etiology of damage that these insects cause to plants. The dilute nature of the salivary secretions and the minute quantities in which they are often obtainable have made analysis and detection of salivary components very difficult. Such investigations in this laboratory have led us to formalise the techniques involved and we believe that the compilation of these methods presented herein may be useful to other research workers in this area. Methods are described for acid and alkaline phosphatase, esterase, /S-glucosidase, carbohydrases, invertase, amylase, proteinase, pectinase, cellulase, catalase, peroxidase, catechol oxidase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbic oxidase.     

民勤绿洲边缘地下水位变化对植物种群生态位的影响

在民勤绿洲边缘,利用空间区域不同地下水位(湖区8～12m,泉山区15～17m,坝区20～23m)和时间序列(1984～1992年)民勤沙井子地区地下水位下降(7.45～11.65m)梯度,研究地下水位下降对荒漠植物种群生态位的影响。结果表明:空间区域地下水位下降,植物种群生态位宽度均减小,种群退化;时间序列地下水位下降,白刺种群在扩展,其它植物种群在退化。白刺种群生态位宽度在民勤绿洲边缘荒漠植物群落中最大,是该区的建群种。由于白刺种群在地下水位7.45～11.65m范围内扩展,民勤绿洲生态环境治理中地下水位达到该范围是一个主要目标。