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1.
本文通过对咸阳市2016-2019年手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)病原检测结果进行分析,阐明了咸阳市近四年HFMD病原谱的构成和流行特征,为HFMD防控工作提供依据.对2016-2019年收集的2711例HFMD病例标本进行荧光定量PCR检测确定肠道病毒型别,构建咸阳市HFMD病原谱并对阳性病例的流行特征进行描述性分析.2711例HFMD病例实验室确诊1444例(阳性率为53.26%),其中肠道病毒A组71型(Enterovirus 71,EV71)占病原谱构成的 12.74%、柯萨奇病毒 A组 16型(Coxsackievirus A16,CoxA16)占27.49%、柯萨奇病毒 A组 10型(Coxsackievirus A10,CoxA10)占5.19%、柯萨奇病毒 A 组6型(Coxsackievirus A6,CoxA6)占43.21%、其他肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)占11.36%.CoxA6和CoxA16交替居于咸阳市HFMD病原谱首位.咸阳市HFMD流行具有明显季节性和地区差异以及特定人群高发,夏季(5~7月)为发病主高峰,秋冬季(10~11月)为次高峰,主要集中在人口较多的市区,4岁以下散居儿童为易感人群,且男性发病率高于女性.今后的防控工作中应继续加强咸阳市HFMD监测,重视其他EV的监测工作,实时监测HFMD病原谱的变化.在高发季节,针对高发人群,采取积极有效干预措施,加强防控工作.  相似文献   

2.
为了解辽宁省地区手足口病患者中分离到的柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackievirus) A10型VP1区基因特征,收集了2013年至2018年辽宁省14个市送检的手足口病患者非EV-A71和非CV-A16肠道病毒的阳性标本,通过细胞培养法分离肠道病毒,提取病毒RNA;通过RT-PCR法进行肠道病毒VP1区基因扩增和序列测定;...  相似文献   

3.
了解陕西省手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)的致病病原体柯萨奇病毒A10型(CV-A10)的流行特征及VP1区基因特征。对2014年收集的HFMD病例标本,通过荧光定量PCR检测确定肠道病毒型别,对CV-A10引起的HFMD流行特征进行描述性分析。使用RD细胞进行病毒分离,RT-PCR扩增CV-A10的VP1区基因片段并进行序列测定,使用Meg Align软件进行核苷酸及氨基酸的同源性分析,并使用MEGA5.0软件构建系统进化树。2014年CV-A10是陕西HFMD病原谱中的第三大病原,占其他肠道病毒的57.71%,13例重症HFMD病例的致病病原体鉴定为CV-A10,占重症病例的9.03%。CV-A10感染HFMD病例以≤3岁年龄组儿童为主(83.07%),男女性别比为1.15∶1。发病时间主要集中在4~7月。实验室分离出101株CV-A10,覆盖全省10市(区)。完成测序的18株CV-A10核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为94.0%~100.0%和97.3%~100.0%,与A型原型株的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为76.2%~77.5%和91.9%~93.0%,与近年来河北、湖南和河南地区流行株具有较高的同源性。系统进化显示陕西CV-A10分离株属于C基因型。CV-A10是2014年陕西HFMD的优势病原,能引起重症HFMD,本次分离到的CV-A10毒株均属于C基因型。  相似文献   

4.
为了解2013年安阳地区手足口病病原谱组成特点及柯萨奇病毒A6(CV-A6)VP1基因特征,采用实时荧光逆转录PCR方法对全年采集的临床手足口病例的479份粪便标本进行检测和分型,统计各型肠道病毒阳性标本数量及比例。对10份CV-A6阳性标本VP1基因进行扩增测序以获得全序列。使用BIOEDIT 7.2和MEGA 5.1软件对获得序列和NCBI数据库中检索到的参考序列进行VP1基因核苷酸、氨基酸相似性及系统发育分析。研究结果显示,检出肠道病毒阳性标本共429份,其中CV-A6阳性标本为90份,占全部阳性标本的比例为20.98%,这是安阳地区首次记录非CV-A16和EV-A71型肠道病毒列居手足口病病原谱第二位,成为手足口病主要病原之一。将成功获得的10条VP1序列与CV-A6原型株Gdula比较,发现安阳序列与Gdula VP1基因的核苷酸、氨基酸序列差异皆较大。与河南历史株HN421(2011)比较,发现有4条本地序列与HN421的核苷酸、氨基酸序列差异较大,其余6条与HN421差异较小。系统发育树显示,全部49条CV-A6序列共形成A、B、C、D四个分支。其中D分支可进一步分为D1和D2两个亚分支。安阳地区获得的10条CV-A6序列中,有6条属于D1亚分支,4条属于D2亚分支。  相似文献   

5.
李洁  张勇  许文波 《病毒学报》2018,34(2):277-284
手足口病(Hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种具有高度传染性的病毒性传染病,通常夏秋季高发于幼儿和儿童;若患儿并发呼吸和循环功能障碍、神经系统受累等临床症状称为重症HFMD。少数重症病例可出现肺水肿、脑炎和急性弛缓性麻痹等罕见的神经或循环系统并发症,甚至导致患儿死亡。引起HFMD最常见的病原是肠道病毒A71型(EV-A71)和柯萨奇病毒A16型(CV-A16),而EV-A71是引起重症HFMD的主要病原体。EV-A71导致的重症HFMD已成为全球重要的公共卫生问题,减少EV-A71流行范围和预防EV-A71重症HFMD非常重要。EV-A71疫苗是目前最有效的预防重症HFMD发生的措施;中国已经批准了三个厂家的灭活EV-A71疫苗上市并已开展适龄儿童接种,以期预防EV-A71感染引起的重症HFMD,但这种疫苗不能预防其它肠道病毒如CV-A16,CV-A6和CV-A10等引起的HFMD。据文献报道,小分子抑制剂芦平曲韦可以通过阻止EV-A71的3C pro蛋白活性来抑制EV-A71复制;小干扰RNA和单克隆抗体也可抑制EV-A71复制。研制EV-A71和CVA16双价灭活疫苗是防控HFMD的策略之一,而小分子抑制剂、小干扰RNA和单克隆抗体的研制和应用等也是临床防治HFMD的探索。  相似文献   

6.
手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)是一种全球性的传染病,其主要病原体为肠道病毒A组71型(Enterovirus group A 71,EV-A71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(cosackievirus A 16,CV-A16)。EV-A71感染易引发重症病例及死亡病例,而CV-A16感染所致的症状普遍较轻,且CV-A16容易引发重复感染,但目前其中的机理仍不清楚。本研究比较了EV-A71与CV-A16感染正常人呼吸道上皮细胞16HBE后I型干扰素(Type I interferon,IFN-Ι)产生相关基因的改变。结果发现EV-A71感染后TLR3、TLR7、RIG-I、MDA5、MAVS、MyD88、IRF3、IRF7、IFNα和IFNβ的基因表达量均发生了显著性地上调,而在CV-A16感染后仅MDA5显著性上调;TLR3和IRF3的基因表达水平显著性地下降,而其它基因表达水平均无显著性地变化。此外,病毒滴度和病毒拷贝数的检测结果显示,CV-A16在16HBE上的复制效率明显高于EV-A71。上述结果提示我们EV-A71和CV-A16感染16HBE对其IFN-I产生相关基因表达的影响完全不一样,且CV-A16更容易感染人呼吸道上皮细胞。本研究为EV-A71和CV-A16引起的临床症状差异的机理研究以及CV-A16重复感染的机理研究提供了线索。  相似文献   

7.
目的通过对2016-2017年襄阳市手足口病(hand, foot and mouth disease, HFMD)样品的分离与鉴定,了解主要病原之一的柯萨奇病毒A2型(Coxsackievirus, CV-A2)的分子生物学特征。方法收集2016年9月-2017年12月襄阳市HFMD患儿肛拭子样品,用人类横纹肌肉瘤细胞(RD细胞)培养,分离病毒。RT-PCR扩增CV-A2 VP1基因,Megalign软件分析VP1基因同源性,MEGA6软件构建系统发育树。比较3种疾病(急性迟缓性麻痹、手足口病和急性呼吸道感染)CV-A2分离株VP1氨基酸序列,分析可能的致病位点。扩增CV-A2代表株基因组全长序列,用SimPlot软件分析可能的重组事件。结果 2016-2017年CV-A2襄阳株之间VP1核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为96.4%~99.8%,98.0%~100.0%;襄阳株与CV-A2原型株(Fleetwood株)之间的核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为80.8%~81.9%,95.3%~95.9%。与襄阳株同源性最高的为2017年江西株(GenBank:MG926784),核苷酸及氨基酸同源性分别为96.7%~98.8%,98.0%~98.6%。襄阳市HFMD主要病原之一的CV-A2 VP1基因系统发育树显示,襄阳株与国内主要流行株同属于基因型D。3种疾病分离株的VP1氨基酸比对发现,急性迟缓性麻痹分离株和HFMD分离株在第21、60、82和215位存在差异;而HFMD分离株与呼吸道感染分离株之间只在167位存在差异,由谷氨酸变成天冬氨酸。CV-A2重组分析提示,襄阳株在P1区域与Fleetwood株同属一分支,在P2区域与CV-A5 Swartz株亲缘性最高,但在P3区域与CV-A16 G-10株有较高的相似度。结论虽然CV-A2襄阳株与其他流行株在VP1区序列上亲缘性较高,但其VP1氨基酸突变或与其他肠道病毒的型间重组可能导致其致病特性与流行病学特点发生变化。  相似文献   

8.
本研究对上海市手足口病(Hand-foot-and-mouth disease,HFMD)的流行病学和病原学特征进行了分析。从国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统获取上海市2009年HFMD的流行病学数据;采用荧光定量RT-PCR方法对来自上海15个区县的799例HFMD进行肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)核酸检测;对部分肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus71,EV71)的VP1区和部分其它EV的VP4区序列进行测定和分析。采用Office excel软件进行简单数据统计分析,用BioEdit和MEGA软件进行病毒基因特征分析,通过BLAST服务器的在线比对进行EV型别鉴定。分析显示:上海市18个区县均有病例报告,地区分布无显著特点;小于6岁的婴幼儿期为疾病高发年龄段;4~7月为发病高峰期;EV71和柯萨奇病毒A16(Coxsackie virus A16,CA16)为主要病原,不同地区、不同月份的病原构成各不相同,CA16为轻症病例的主要病原,EV71则为重症病例的主要病原;基于VP1区序列分析,上海EV71毒株与C4a亚型毒株具有最近的亲缘性和最高的同源性;2株其它肠道病毒经鉴定属于CA2和CA10型。结果表明:EV71和CA16为2009年上海HFMD流行的主要病原,EV71属于C4a亚型;除EV71和CA16外,还存在小部分其它EV(如:CA2和CA10)引起的HFMD。  相似文献   

9.
为探讨肠道病毒71型(EV71)VP4基因序列与手足口病(HFMD)不同临床类型之间的关系,分析重组蛋白EV71 VP4的抗原性,并初步探讨其与柯萨奇病毒A16(CA16)重组蛋白VP4是否存在交叉反应性,对2007~2009年从北京患HFMD儿童标本分离到的10株EV71的VP4基因进行克隆测序,运用生物学软件对测序结果进行比较分析,并选择其中1株与1株同期分离的CA16的VP4分别进行原核表达;用表达产物对189份正常体检的成人及来首都儿科研究所就医的非HFMD患儿血清中的IgG进行Western Blot检测,并分析14份确诊为EV71感染和12份CA16感染患者急性期血清中的IgM抗体。分析表明这10株EV71 VP4基因核苷酸同源性为94.20%~100.00%,所推导的氨基酸序列则完全相同,从重症与轻症患儿分离的毒株之间VP4的核苷酸序列未见一致性的差异,基于EV71 VP4基因核苷酸序列的进化树分析表明2007~2009年北京地区所流行的毒株均属于C4亚型;本研究中EV71和CA16的VP4核苷酸序列的同源性为69.60%,所推导的氨基酸序列的同源性为78.60%,在运用Western Blot检测189份血清中的VP4特异性IgG时,EV71 VP4的血清阳性率为38.10%,说明其具有良好的抗原性,CA16 VP4的血清阳性率为58.20%,两者差别具有显著统计学意义(2χ=15.30,P<0.01),提示EV71 VP4与CA16 VP4没有交叉反应性;在用表达的VP4检测已确诊为相应病毒的特异性IgM时,两者皆为阴性,提示感染后机体对VP1和VP4产生不同的反应。  相似文献   

10.
Wang ZG  Liu XL  Yang TT  Yi Y 《病毒学报》2011,27(5):438-441
本研究对2008~2009年青岛地区手足口病的病原学进行调查研究。首先对HFMD病例的咽拭子标本直接进行病毒核酸的提取,然后采用多重荧光逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法对总肠道病毒(Enterovirus,EV)、肠道病毒71型(Enterovirus Type 71,EV71)和柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsackievirus Group A 16,CVA16)进行检测,对EV阳性而EV71和CVA16均阴性的标本采用半巢式反转录PCR进行肠道病毒VP1基因部分序列的扩增和序列分析以鉴定其血清型别。结果提示2008~2009年青岛地区手足口病的主要病原为EV71和CVA16,无论轻症和重症病例,EV71的比例都大于CVA16。2008年共获得5个(8株)其它血清型,分别是柯萨奇病毒(Cox-sackievirus,CV)的A5、A6、A10、A12及埃可病毒9(Echovirus 9,E9),血清型分布比较分散、均匀。2009年共获得3个其它血清型(13株),分别是CVA9、CVA12及CVB2,CVA12所占比例较大(11/13),分布比较集中。CVA12成为2009年青岛地区HFMD病原中除EV71和CVA16外,新的较为流行的病原。  相似文献   

11.
A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.  相似文献   

14.
The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.  相似文献   

15.
This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.  相似文献   

16.
Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.  相似文献   

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We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.  相似文献   

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The variation with age of the 18 trace element mass fractions and some histological characteristics of intact prostate glands of 50 subjects aged 0–30 years was investigated by instrumental neutron activation analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and a quantitative morphometric analysis. Mean values ± standard error of the mean (M ± SΕΜ) for the mass fractions (in milligrams per kilogram wet tissue) of these trace elements in pre-puberty were: Al 28.5 ± 9.0, B 0.40 ± 0.11, Ba 1.48 ± 0.44, Br 10.5 ± 1.5, Ca 241 ± 30, Cl 3,203 ± 278, Cu 3.51 ± 0.89, Fe 33.7 ± 4.1, K 2,364 ± 145, Li 0.020 ± 0.004, Mg 153 ± 23, Mn 0.46 ± 0.06, Na 2,286 ± 130, P 1,391 ± 100, S 1,698 ± 132, Si 62 ± 11, Sr 0.38 ± 0.08, and Zn 27.6 ± 2.3. During puberty and postpuberty, when there is a significant increase in circulating androgens, the mean values were: Al 7.2 ± 1.4, B 0.21 ± 0.05, Ba 0.25 ± 0.06, Br 5.8 ± 1.0, Ca 433 ± 81, Cl 2,314 ± 201, Cu 1.77 ± 0.13, Fe 20.9 ± 1.6, K 2,585 ± 118, Li 0.0088 ± 0.0014, Mg 232 ± 27, Mn 0.34 ± 0.04, Na 1,875 ± 107, P 1,403 ± 98, S 1,673 ± 73, Si 22.2 ± 3.1, Sr 0.22 ± 0.03, and Zn 93.3 ± 8.9. Mean values (M ± SΕΜ) of percent volumes (%) of the stroma, epithelium and lumen in the prostate before puberty were 73.4 ± 2.6, 20.4 ± 1.7, and 4.45 ± 0.94, respectively, versus 46.5 ± 2.5, 38.5 ± 1.9, and 14.9 ± 1.2 during puberty and postpuberty. This work’s results confirm that the Zn mass fraction in prostate tissue is an androgen-dependent parameter. For the first time it has been demonstrated that the glandular lumen is a main pool of Ca, Mg, and Zn accumulation and that the stroma is a main pool of Al, B, Ba, Br, Cl, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, and Si accumulation in the normal human prostate, for the age range 0–30 years. It was concluded that the Ca, Mg, and Zn binds tightly within the prostatic fluid, because the volume of glandular lumen reflects the volume of prostatic fluid.  相似文献   

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